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Feeds lecture > Beef Cattle Nutrition > Flashcards

Beef Cattle Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

T/F there are more beef cows in texas than the next top 2 states combined

A

TRUE

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2
Q

what year had the lowest beef cow inventory in recent history

A

2024

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3
Q

what has led to decreased GHG emissions

A

better nutrition and genetics

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4
Q

how has the lessened inventory of cattle impacted the amount of meat produced

A

no impact, no less meat has been produced

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5
Q

what size farms make up almost 50% of the beef cattle inventory

A

small farms(<100 head)

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6
Q

T/F feedlots are highly vertically integrated

A

TRUE

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7
Q

T/F cow-calfs are highly vertically integrated

A

FALSE

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8
Q

which produces more lean meat a year cow or pig?

A

Pig

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9
Q

conventional beef production center uses what technology

A

all available FDA approved technology

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10
Q

how are natural beef productions run

A

similar to conventional beef production but without performance enhancing technology

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11
Q

how are grass fed(organic) beef production systems run

A

-plant based
-no performance-enhancing technology
-no feedlot/high grain
-no gmo feeds

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12
Q

what percent of Tx feeds are gmo

A

90%

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13
Q

which production system has the highest production cost

A

grass-fed

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14
Q

what percent of energy budget fed in production systems goes to cow maintenance

A

50%

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15
Q

what percent of energy budget goes to slaughter progeny

A

30%

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16
Q

thermal neutral zone

A

temperature where energy requirement is lowest

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17
Q

what breeds energy requirement is 20% higher than other breeds

A

semintal

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18
Q

T/F all 3 trimesters of pregnancy increase the cows energy requirements

A

FALSE. only the third

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19
Q

key macrominerals for lactating cows

A

phosphorous
sodium
chlorine

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20
Q

what macromineral in generally never deficient in lactating cows

A

sulfur

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21
Q

importance of sodium and chlorine in diet

A

regulate water and acid-base balance

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22
Q

where is 80-90% of calcium and phosphorous stored in the body

A

bone

23
Q

what feed types are typically high in Ca

A

forages

24
Q

what feed types are generally high in P

A

concentrates

25
Q

what is the most prevalent mineral deficiency in grazing livestock

A

Phosphorous

26
Q

what is the 3rd most abundant mineral in the body

A

Potassium

27
Q

what is the 3rd most abundant mineral in bone

A

Magnesium

28
Q

T/F forages seldom contain adequate concentrations of trace minerals

A

TRUE

29
Q

what vitamins need to be supplemented in cattle

A

A, D, E

30
Q

supplement methods for cows

A

free-choice meals
free-choice blocks
free-choice liquid
limit fed
injectible

31
Q

4 stages of production for cow herds

A
  1. calving to breeding
  2. breeding to weaning
  3. weaning to late gestation
  4. late gestation
32
Q

which stages of cow production are considered critical

A

1 and 4

33
Q

when should cows be rebred by after calving

A

84 days

34
Q

why is period one in cow production critical

A

it is preparing the cow for rebreeding
cows with BCS <4 conceive later and have lower pregnancy rates

35
Q

what production period has the lowest energy requirements

A

3rd period

36
Q

why is period 4 a critical period for production

A

rapid fetal growth
BCS <4 decreases calf survival rates, increases breeding interval, weight loss during lactation, and increases distocia

37
Q

what is the ideal body score to breed at

A

5-6

38
Q

weak calf syndrome

A

energy not properly met during 4th period leads to weak calves and more susceptible to pathogens, cold stress, and death

39
Q

what vitamin works with selenium to enhance semen qualities

A

Vitamin E

40
Q

what vitamins and minerals enhance cows immune system

A

Cu
Mn
Zn
Se
vitamin E

41
Q

what is the critical number for CP% for microbes to function

A

7%

42
Q

what happens in CP is below 7%

A

decreased fermentation
decreased digestibility and rate of passage
decreased DM intake

43
Q

what should the TDN:CP ratio be

A

around 4

44
Q

forage above what TDN:CP ratio is considered poor

A

7

45
Q

what percent of mature body weight should first calf heifers be at for breeding

A

60%

46
Q

what percent of mature body weight should first calf heifers be in for calving

A

80-85%

47
Q

what percent of breeding heifers are replaced each year

A

20-25%

48
Q

what age should first calf heifers be bred at

A

14.5 months

49
Q

Target ADG equation

A

(breeding weight-weaning weight)/(breeding age-weaning age)

50
Q

negative effects of overweight heifers

A

-reduced conception rates
-impaired mammary gland development
-decreased milk production

51
Q

T/F milk production decreased due to obesity during heifer development can be remedied by weightloss

A

FALSE, its a lifelong decrease

52
Q

creep feeding

A

supplement is placed so its only available to nursing calves

53
Q
A

Feeds lecture (18 decks)

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