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Feeds lecture > Equine Nutrition > Flashcards

Equine Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what is the range of percent cost spent of horse feed

A

26-40%

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2
Q

challenges in implementing good equine feeding programs

A

-large range in horse size
-most owners concentrate by volume not weight
-forage and concentrate fed separately

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3
Q

dominant anatomical feature of digestive tract from right side

A

liver

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4
Q

dominant anatomical feature of digestive tract from left side

A

intestines

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5
Q

how much forage(in relation to BW) is recommended

A

1% of BW

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6
Q

T/F you can feed a horse as low as .75% of BW in forage

A

TRUE. only if requirements are too high to balance at 1% of BW

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7
Q

T/F horses are more susceptible to nitrate toxicity than ruminants

A

FALSE. they are less susceptable

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8
Q

which equine physiological state has the highest CP requirements

A

nursing foals/weanlings
16-18%

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9
Q

which physiological state has the lowest CP requirements

A

mature, idle
8-10%

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10
Q

physiological CP requirements(low to high)

A

mature idle
mature exercising
two year olds
yearlings and lactating mare
nursing foals/weanlings

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11
Q

what are nutrient:calorie ratios important for

A

EAA
minerals

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12
Q

what is the N:C ratio expressed as

A

g nutrient/Mcal DE

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13
Q

who has the highest N:C ratio

A

nursing foals

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14
Q

importance of meeting N:C requirements in nursing foals

A

-optimal growth
-minimize orthopedic disease

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15
Q

Ca:P minimum ratio for horses

A

1:1

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16
Q

effects of inverted Ca:P ratio

A

skeletal disorders

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17
Q

concentrate feeds with inverted Ca:P ratio

A

oats
corn
SBM
Wheat middlings
oat bran

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18
Q

roughage feeds with inverted Ca:P ratio

A

mature alfalfa
red clover
bermudagrass
cottonseed hulls
citrus pulp

19
Q

T/F equine sweat is hypertonic? why is that important?

A

TRUE. horses that sweat a lot lose electrolytes

20
Q

which microminerals are important for growth, immune, and reproductive health

A

Cu
Zn
Mn
Se

21
Q

Thiamine uses

A

-regulate energy metabolism
-positively effects appetite
-lower blood acetate levels

22
Q

good source of thiamine

A

brewers yeast

23
Q

benefits of biotin

A

improve hoof integrity

24
Q

T/F adding biotin will show hoof improvement within a few days

A

FALSE. it will take 6-8 months

25
Q

BCS range for equine

A

1(skinny)-9(fat)

26
Q

desired equine BCS at foaling

A

6

27
Q

types of broodmares

A

open/maiden
pregnant
lactating

28
Q

open mare energy requirements

A

-lowest of the three
-feed mares to meet maintenance

29
Q

what should a mares BCS be at start of breeding season

A

6-7

30
Q

2 place you should you transition mare to higher N:DE ratio

A

start of 3rd trimester
at foaling

31
Q

what length after foaling is milk production the highest

A

2-3 months

32
Q

creep feed rations

A

-assume low forage intake
-highly palatable
-high quality protein
high N:DE

33
Q

developmental orthopedic diseases

A

epiphysis
osteochondrosis
contracted tendons
degenerative joint disease

34
Q

causes of orthopedic diseases

A

genetics
nutrient imbalance
rapid growth
early exercise

35
Q

forage concentrate ratio for rapidly growing horses

A

60:40

36
Q

T/F protein:energy ratio is elevated as exercise increases

A

FALSE. CP requirements dont increase as much as energy requirements do

37
Q

how much fat can horses have in their diet

A

10-15%

38
Q

benefits of adding fat to horse diet

A

-improves cutting and racing
-improved glycogen storage
-longer work before entering anaerobic glycolysis

39
Q

how long should you take to switch supplement

A

1 week

40
Q

how long should you take to switch diets

A

3 weeks

41
Q

ways to improve individual feeding

A

-dont feed on the ground
-keep troughs clean
-slow aggressive eaters

42
Q

ways to improve group feeding

A

-provide adequate space
-use individual feeders
-feed dominant horse first
-feed supplement over large area

43
Q

supplement feeding frequency rule of thumb

A

-feed twice a day if intake is greater than .5% of BW
-when feeding concentrate supplements wait at least 8 hours per meal
-feed regularly at the same time each day

Feeds lecture (18 decks)

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