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Patient Care III > Sweetness (Final Review) > Flashcards

Sweetness (Final Review) Flashcards

1
Q

Alternative sweetener classifications include:

A
  1. Polyols
  2. Intense sweeteners
  3. nonnutritive sweeteners
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2
Q

sugar alcohols:

A

polyols

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3
Q

Polyols are ____ of the caloric content of sucrose

A

40%

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4
Q

Polyols have physical characteristics similar to:

A

sucrose

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5
Q

List the types of polyols: (4)

A
  1. sorbitol
  2. mannitol
  3. erythritol
  4. xylitol
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6
Q

Type of polyol that occurs naturally in fruits and berries:

A

sorbitol

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7
Q

Sorbitol is ____% as sweet as sucrose

A

60

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8
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of the polyol sorbitol:

A

Yes- sorbitol is considered noncariogenic, however it is slowly fermented by S. Mutans

Sorbitol is shown to be cariogenic in patients with decreased salivary function

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9
Q

When is sorbitol shown to be cariogenic (even through it is considered noncariogenic)

A

In patients with decrease salivary function

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10
Q

Sorbitol can cause ____ if large quantities are digested

A

GI issues

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11
Q

Naturally occurring polyol found in seaweed:

A

Mannitol

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12
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of the polyol mannitol:

A

Virtually no cariogenic activity due to slow metabolism from oral microorganisms

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13
Q

Used as a dusting agent for chewing gum and bulking agent in powdered foods:

A

mannitol

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14
Q

mannitol has _____% of the relative sweetness of sugar

A

50-70%

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15
Q

Lingers in the intestines and may cause bloating/diarrhea:

A

mannitol

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16
Q

Polyol that is safe for diabetics as it does not affect blood glucose levels after ingestion:

A

erythritol

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17
Q

Sweetness level of erythritol is _____ of sucrose

A

60-80%

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18
Q

Erythritol is a polyol containing:

A

zero calories

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19
Q

When erythritol is eaten in excessive amounts may cause:

A

GI discomfort

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20
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of the polyol erythritol:

A

Noncariogenic; inhibits the growth of streptococcus mutans

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21
Q

A naturally occurring caloric 5-carbon sugar alcohol:

A

xylitol

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22
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of xylitol:

A

nonfermentable by oral bacteria (noncariogenic) & exhibits antibacterial properties

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23
Q

Produced commercially from birch trees, corncobs and the waste from sugarcane:

24
Q

The sweetness of Xylitol approximates that of _____, however it is 10x ______

A

sucrose; more costly to produce

25
Q

Primarily used in chewing gum, mints, toothpaste, and sometime sound in syrup & candy:

26
Q

What polyol stimulates salivary secretion?

27
Q

Describe Xylitol effects as an antibacterial:

A
  1. decreases bacterial metabolism & produces a drop in dental plaque pH
  2. promotes the selection of xylitol-resistant mutans streoptococci
  3. stimulates salivary secretion
28
Q

Xylitol-containing products should be recommended in addition to ______ for patient-based caries management with xylitol

A

daily fluoride exposure

29
Q

At least ______ per day is needed to achieve optimum therapeutic effect on S. Mutans:

A

5g of xylitol per day

30
Q

Daily intake of xylitol for patient-based caries management:

A

5g per day

-daily intake should be divided into 3 to 4 doses with exposure time of 5-10 min with each dose

31
Q

T/F: Xylitol produces that actively stimulate salivary flow should be recommended

32
Q

T/F: Products should ideally have xylitol in combination with other sweeteners for caries management

A

False- products should ideally have xylitol as the single sweetner

33
Q

When recommending xylitol products be sure to make it known to patients that:

A

Xylitol is HIGHLY TOXIC to dogs

34
Q

List the types of intense sweetners: (3)

A
  1. Saccharin
  2. Aspartame
  3. Sucralose
35
Q

Saccharin is ______ times sweeter than sucrose

36
Q

Discuss the nutrition benefits & cariogenicity of Saccharin:

A

Nonnutritive & noncariogenic

37
Q

The oldest artificial sweetener used in the US (Sweet ā€˜Nā€™ Low):

38
Q

Saccharin may be used as a sweetener in some:

A

toothpastes

39
Q

Aspartame is ____ times sweeter than sucrose

40
Q

_____ account for more than 70% of aspartame consumption

A

soft drinks

41
Q

The FDA requires food containing aspartame have the following label:

A

PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS PHENYLALALINE

42
Q

The FDA requires foods containing ______ to have the label: PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE

A

Asparatame

43
Q

Sucralose is a _____ sweetner

44
Q

Discuss the nutrition properties & cariogenicity of Sucralose:

A

noncariogenic, nonnutritive

45
Q

Sucralose is _____ times sweeter than sucrose

46
Q

An intense sweetener that is poorly absorbed and is largely excreted in the feces & urine unchanged

47
Q

Which intense sweetener has no carcinogenic risk posed to humans?

48
Q

Nonnutrivite sweeteners include:

A
  1. stevioside (stevia)
  2. monk fruit
49
Q

Natural sweetener extracted fro the leaves of a shrub found in South America:

A

Stevioside (stevia)

50
Q

Stevioside (stevia) is ____ times sweeter than table sugar

51
Q

Because stevioside is heat stable, it is good for:

52
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of stevioside:

A

supports the prevention of caries; streptococcus mutans experience growth suppression and secrete less acid with presence of stevioside

53
Q

The FDA approved Stevioside (stevia) in 2008 and categorized it as:

A

Generally recognized as safe (GRAS)

54
Q

Monk fruit is a _____ sweetener extracted from monk fruit

A

natural, zero-calorie

55
Q

Monk fruit is high in antioxidants called _____ - making it _____ times sweeter than table sugar

A

mogrosides; 100-250x

56
Q

Used for centuries in Chinese medicine and the FDA approved it as a sweetener in 2010:

A

monk fruit

Patient Care III (19 decks)

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