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Patient Care III > Midterm Review (OEQ) > Flashcards

Midterm Review (OEQ) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of pocket/probing depth (PD)?

A

Gingival margin to the bottoms of the pocket

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2
Q

What is the definition of attachment loss?

A

From CEJ to base of the pocket

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3
Q

CEJ is required for the measurement of:

A

attachment loss

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4
Q

-Gingival pocket (false pocket)

A

Pseudopocket

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5
Q

A pseudopocket is caused by:

A

Hyperplasia; coronal movement of the gingival margin

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6
Q

A pseudopocket involves no _____ of _____

A

apical migration; junctional epithelium

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7
Q

Describe the bone loss seen with a pseudopcoket:

A

No bone loss (all psuedopockets are suprabony)

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8
Q

What is the ppm of in-office fluoride:

A

Greater than 9000 ppm
(our slide gives 22,600 ppm as an example)

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9
Q

What is the fluoride concentration of Prevident?

A

5000 ppm (1.1% NaF)

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10
Q

Do you use toothpaste prior to applying foam or gel fluorides?

A

Yes, you should brush the patients teeth & then apply

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11
Q

If a patient overdoses on fluoride, what should you give them?

Also what is considered “overdosing”?

A

Calcium, aluminum or magnesium products

(>5mg/kg)

EMERGENT Situation= >15mg/kg (9-1-1)

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12
Q

What is the current fluoride standard in water?

A

0.7 ppm

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13
Q

What do we mean by “optimal” fluoride levels in water:

A

Optimal means minimal caries with minimal fluorosis

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14
Q

What is the optimal RANGE of fluorination of water?

A

0.6-1.2 ppm (though 0.7 is optimal LEVEL)

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15
Q

0.7 ppm fluoride in water will decrease caries with _____ % of the population experiencing fluorosis

A

less than 10%

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16
Q

What is the definition of plaque?

A

An organized mass of bacteria in gel matrix

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT true concerning the acquired pellicle?

a) it is a glycoprotein from saliva
b) it is a mode of attachment for calculus
c) if it is removed, it immediately reforms
d) it is primarily composed of bacteria

A

d) it is primarily composed of bacteria is false

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18
Q

Describe the composition of the acquired pellicle:

A
  1. polysaccharides
  2. proteins
  3. glycoproteins
  4. lipid material
  5. DNA
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19
Q

The pellicle forms first on the tooth…

A

providing bacteria a surface to attach to

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20
Q

When does bacteria colonization occur?

A

As soon as acquired pellicle is introduced/forms in the mouth

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21
Q

Within the first 4 hours of bacterial colonization of plaque, 47-85% of the organisms are:

A

streptococcus

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22
Q

When an energy source is introduced, microorganisms produce:

a) acid
b) intracellular polysaccharides
c) extracellular polysaccharides
d) acid & intracellular polysccharide
e) all of the above

A

e) all of the above

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23
Q

(True/False):

The optimal level of water fluoridation is 70 ppm. Optimal levels mean minimal caries with minimal fluorosis.

A

Statement 1- false
Statement 2- true

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24
Q

(True/False):

After fluoride deposition, the concentration of fluoride is highest in the surface enamel & decreases as you approach the surface dentin.

A

True

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25
Q

After fluoride deposition, where is the concentration of fluoride the highest?

A

Surface enamel

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26
Q

In office fluorides are ______ ppm

A

9000-28000 ppm

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27
Q

Which of the following is used for in office fluoride treatments?

A

2.0% neutral sodium fluoride- 9000ppm (rarely used)

1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride- 12,300 ppm (rarely used)

5.0% NaF- 22,600 ppm (varnish) (commonly used)

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28
Q

If a patient is 40 kg, what is their probably toxic does (PTD)?

A

200 mg

(calculated using 5mg/kg rule) (40mg x 5mg/kg =200kg)

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29
Q

Why is brushing your teeth before using a prescription gel indicated?

A

The prescription gel does not have abrasive systems

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29
Q

One can decrease fluorosis by:

A

Decreasing the amount of fluoride accidentally ingested in children during tooth development

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30
Q

Which of the following is false concerning cementum?

A

The acellular portion is towards the apex of the root

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31
Q

Which is false regarding gingival fibers?

A

Unites marginal gingiva with PDL

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32
Q

Which structure is also termed the lamina dura and cribiform plate?

A

Alveolar bone proper

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33
Q

Which is the least likely determinant of unhealthy gingiva?

-color
-consistency
-stippling

A

stippling

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34
Q

The consistency of healthy gingiva should be:

A

Firm & resilient

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35
Q

In smokers, gingiva will have ______ likelihood of bleeding during probing

A

lesser

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36
Q

List the parts of the periodontium: (4)

A
  1. gingiva
  2. PDL
  3. Cementum
  4. Alveolar bone

(NOT- alveolar mucosa, enamel)

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37
Q

The attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa are separated by the:

A

Mucogingival junction

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38
Q

Which of the following are non-keratinized: (3)

A
  1. gingival col
  2. junctional epithelium
  3. alveolar mucosa
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39
Q

Color of gingiva is determined by:

A

Vascularity of the gingiva

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40
Q

To measure the amount of attached gingiva:

A

Subtract the pocket depth from the keratinized gingiva

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41
Q

The least amount of attached gingiva is found:

A

facial of mandibular premolars

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42
Q

What is the basis of branstrom’s theory of hydrodynamics?

A

Fluid movement in the dentinal tubules produces sensitivity & pain

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43
Q

Gingivitis (Class I) is characterized by:

A

No bone loss

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44
Q

Periodontitis is characterized by:

A
  1. bone loss
  2. apical migration of the JE
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45
Q

What bacteria is associated with periodontal disease: (5)

A
  1. aggregatibacter actinomysetemcomitan (Aa)
  2. Treponema denicola (T. denticola or Td)
  3. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis or Pg)
  4. Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia or Pi)
  5. Tanerella forsythia (T. forsythia or Tf)
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46
Q

Gingivitis is characterized by:

A
  1. BOP
  2. increased GCF
  3. Edema
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47
Q

What is the response when a patient informs you that they bleed during flossing?

A

Tell the patient that they have gingivitis

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48
Q

Fluoride varnish ppm is approximately:

A

22,000 ppm

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49
Q

Recession occurs from the:

A

CEJ to the gingival margin

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50
Q

Major component of plaque biofilm:

A

Pellicle

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51
Q

What is the main role of calculus?

A

Keeps plaque in contact with the gingiva

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52
Q

T/F: You use your middle finger to roll the instrument

A

False- you use your thumb

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53
Q

Angling 45-90 degrees with the instrument allows for:

A

Proper removal of calculus

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54
Q

What is the fluoride concentration of an over the counter mouthwash?

A

225 ppm

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55
Q

What is the fluoride concentration of prescription toothpaste?

A

5000 ppm

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56
Q

Where would you sit to see the facial of second molars with direct vision:

A

9 o’clock

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57
Q

True and false pockets have what in common?

A

Bleeding & hyperplasia

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58
Q

If the gingival portion of the tooth is white and chalky what is wrong?

A

Decalcification

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59
Q

After applying fluoride varnish, what is the patient instruction?

A

Can eat and drink immediately - (but no chips/hard stuff)

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60
Q

How long does SDF take to remineralize (arrest caries)?

A

1 week

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61
Q

What is indication for use of SDF?

A

Caries present on posterior dentition

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62
Q

SDF allows for:

A

formation of hydroxyapatite & fluorapatite (treated surfaces will be less susceptible to caries)

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63
Q

What is the fluoride content of kids toothpaste?

A

1000 ppm

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64
Q

The acquired pellicle is mainly composed of:

A

Glycoproteins

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65
Q

Plaque is formed by salive/exudate and:

A

Bacteria & acquired pellicle

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66
Q

T/F: Secondary colonizers do not colonize on clean teeth

A

True

(Primary colonizers work on clean teeth, secondary colonizers work on pellicle)

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67
Q

One fluoride that is NOT used in a dental office is:

A

Stannous fluoride

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68
Q

To measure the attached gingiva use:

A

keratinized gingiva - sulcus depth

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69
Q

Anchors tooth to bone by PDL:

A

Cementum

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70
Q

Mouthwash is beneficial for communities:

A

with or without fluoridated water

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71
Q

What is the fluoride content of over the counter toothpaste?

A

1000 ppm

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72
Q

How do you adapt the line angles?

A

Roll instrument between thumb and forefinger

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73
Q

Bleeding on probing is due to: (2)

A
  1. ulceration is sulcular epithelium
  2. presence of inflammation
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74
Q

T/F:

APF is a more effective form of fluoride so we want to use it.

Enamel that has fluoride is less susceptible to caries.

A

First statement- false
Second statement- true

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75
Q

T/F: Neutral fluoride has a metallic taste

A

False- SDF does

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76
Q

Psuedopockets and true pockets have what in common: (3)

A
  1. gingival inflammation
  2. BOP
  3. increased pocket depth
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77
Q

What is the distinct difference between natural tooth and natural periodontium vs. dental implant and peridontium?

  1. dental implant will have ______ vascularity
  2. dental implant will NOT have a _____
  3. dental implant will have ____ gingival fibers
  4. dental implant will have collagen fibers ____ to the implant
A
  1. Less
  2. PDL
  3. Fewer
  4. Parallel
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78
Q

What are the components of a dental implant? (3)

A
  1. implant body
  2. abutment
  3. fabricated crown

(made of titanium)

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79
Q

What is the seating position for the anterior area of the mandibular arch when working on toward surface?

A

8-9 o’clock for RH

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80
Q

What is the seating position for the anterior surfaces of the maxillary arch when working on toward surfaces?

A

8-9 o’clock for RH

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81
Q

What is the seating position for the anterior area of the mandibular arch when working on away surfaces?

A

12 o’clock

82
Q

What is the seating position for the anterior surfaces of the maxillary arch when working on away surfaces?

A

12 o’clock

83
Q

What is the seating position for the posterior aspects of the mandibular arch using direct vision?

A

9 o’clock for RH

84
Q

What is the seating position for the posterior aspects of the maxillary arch using direct vision?

A

9 o’clock for RH

85
Q

What is the seating position for the posterior aspects of the mandibular arch using indirect vision?

A

10-11 o’clock for RH

86
Q

What is the seating position for the posterior aspects of the maxillary arch using indirect vision?

A

10-11 o’clock for RH

87
Q

Where can universal curettes be used?

A

All surfaces of the mouth

88
Q

How many cutting edges does a sickle scaler have?

A

two

89
Q

How many cutting edges does a universal curette have?

A

two

90
Q

What is the shape of a sickle scaler?

A

Pointed toe (tip?)

91
Q

What is the shape of a universal curette?

A

rounded toe

92
Q

Where is a posterior sickle scaler used?

A

interproximal surface ONLY

93
Q

Which part of a periodontal instrument is the working end?

a) toe
b) middle
c) heel

A

a) toe

94
Q

What is the angulation for sickle scalers and universal curretes?

A

90 degrees for both

95
Q

What is the cross section of a sickle scaler?

A

Triangular

96
Q

What is the cross section of a universal curette?

A

Half elliptical

97
Q

What is the blade for a sickle scaler?

A

straight

98
Q

What is the blade for a universal curette?

A

straight

99
Q

Describe a sickle scaler:

  1. end:
  2. cutting edge:
  3. angulation:
  4. cross section:
  5. blade:
A
  1. pointed toe (tip)
  2. two
  3. 90 degrees
  4. triangular
  5. straight
100
Q

Describe a universal curette:

  1. end:
  2. cutting edge:
  3. angulation:
  4. cross section:
  5. blade:
A
  1. rounded toe
  2. two
  3. 90 degrees
  4. half-elliptical
  5. straight
101
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of the periodontium?

a) cementum
b) dentin
c) alveolar bone
d) gingiva

A

b) dentin

102
Q

The allowed seating position for both right & left-handed clinicians working on the facial aspect of the maxillary anterior teeth is:

A

RH: 12 o’clock
LH: 12 o’clock

103
Q

Which best describes the reddish color of diseased gingival tissues?

A

erythema

104
Q

Which aspect of the periodontium is NOT present around a dental implant?

A

cementum

105
Q

Which is the most common CEJ relationship found in the patient population?

A

Overlap

106
Q

Mineralization of calculus is composed mostly of:

A

Inorganic components (70-90%)

107
Q

How many days does it take an acquired pellicle to develop?

A

7 days

108
Q

T/F: Organisms in a biofilm are 100-150x more resistant to antibiotics

A

False- they are actually 1000-1500 x. more resistant

109
Q

Which surface would require an offset position?

A

28 DB (any posterior distal surface would require offset)

110
Q

What is the difference between the anterior and posterior sickle scaler?

A

Design of the shank (posterior sickle scaler will have a bend in the shank)

111
Q

Where should the light be positioned when viewing the mandibular arch?

A

Directly above the patient

112
Q

Where should the light be positioned when viewing the maxillary arch?

A

45 degree angle pointing down

113
Q

SDF percentage to be effective against caries?

A

38%

114
Q

Erythema occurs in what stage of gingivitis?

A

II

115
Q

Established gingivitis lesion is characterized by:

A

Color change

116
Q

Where would you sit for indirect vision of the posterior sextant?

A

11 o’clock

117
Q

Where would you sit for direct vision of the posterior sextant?

A

9 o’clock

118
Q

The terminal shank should be held _____ to the long axis of the tooth

A

parallel

119
Q

What is the light grasp used for?

A

Tactile sensitivity

120
Q

What is NOT a function of the PDL?

A

Strengthening

121
Q

A true pseudopocket is caused by:

A

Hyperplasia

122
Q

Over-angulation of sickel scalers could result in:

A

Burnished calculus

123
Q

Principle fibers that have masticatory stresses:

A

Oblique fibers

124
Q

A valley-like depression in the portion of the interdental gingiva that lies directly apical to the contact area of two adjacent teeth & connects the facial & lingual papillae:

A

Gingival col

125
Q

What is the most likely reason that gingivitis does NOT progress to periodontitis

A

Patient is not susceptible

126
Q

What is easily displaced with water?

A

Materia albla

127
Q

What best describes a periodontal explorer?

A

Used for caries detection & subgingival calculus removal

128
Q

What instrument would you use to remove supragingival calculus off a posterior molar?

A

Posterior sickle scaler

129
Q

What instrument is most likely to hurt the gingiva when used incorrectly?

A

Sickle scaler

130
Q

When probing how many measurements per tooth?

A

6- (DF, F, MF, ML, L, DL)

131
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis does what to the oral cavity?

A

Decreases pH

132
Q

What is NOT a function of the periodontal probe?

a) measure size of lesion
b) removal of calculus
c) test for BOP
d) measure overbite/overjet

A

b) removal of calculus

133
Q

When is SDF contraindicated? (2)

A
  1. pulpal exposure
  2. silver allergy
134
Q

Which gingival fibers connect to cementum?

A

Dentoperiosteal & dentogingival

135
Q

T/F: pointed or peaked papilla is seen in disease

A

False- rounded papilla seen in disease

136
Q

T/F: you would NOT use the mm in the nabers probes when determining furcation involvement

A

True

137
Q

Mrs. Smith has red, inflamed gums, probing reads 2-4mm with mandibular molars reading 5 mm. What is your diagnosis?

A

Gingivitis

138
Q

Why can you go subgingival with a curette?

A

Rounded back/rounded cutting edge

139
Q

T/F: Bacteria release noxious substances. The primary role of the noxious agent is to make an inflammatory response.

A

Both statements true

140
Q

What does NOT contribute to periodontitis?

A

Longitudinal growth

141
Q

If calculus is subgingival on the root, why would it need to be removed?

A

Calculus keeps the plaque in contact

142
Q

Inflammatory processes extending to affect the PDL and alveolar bone, resulting in:

A

attachment loss

143
Q

CEJ to base of pocket:

A

attachment loss

144
Q

Where is the light supposed to be when viewing the mandibular arch?

A

directly above

145
Q

what happens when bacteria shift apical from primary to mature?

A

Co-adhesion of bacteria

146
Q

Silver diamine fluoride percentage to be effective against caries:

A

38%

147
Q

Erythema occurs at what stage of gingivitis?

A

Stage II

148
Q

Established gingivitis lesion will show:

A

color change

149
Q

What are four essential oils?

A
  1. thymol
  2. eucalyptol
  3. methyl sialicylate
  4. menthol
150
Q

True about fluoride:

A

Fluoride > 9000 ppm over calcium fluoride

151
Q

Mirror used for indirect vision of mandibular lingual:

A

Retract tongue

152
Q

Where do you sit for indirect vision of a posterior sextant?

A

11:00

153
Q

Where do you sit for direct vision?

A

9:00

154
Q

The terminal shank is held:

A

parallel to the tooth

155
Q

What bacteria below is NOT involved with periodontitis?

A

Porphyromas intermedium

156
Q

Pellicle is mainly composed of:

A

Glycoproteins

157
Q

What does it mean if you have bleeding on probing?

A

Ulceration of sulcular epithelium

158
Q

Light grasp of instrument allows for:

A

increase in tactile sensitivity

159
Q

Functions of the PDL include:

A
  1. formative
  2. supportive
  3. nutritive
  4. sensory
160
Q

What is NOT a function of the PDL?

A

Strengthening

161
Q

All plaque has been removed from the teeth. After 4 hours which of the following makes up 47-85% of bacteria present?

A

Streptococci

162
Q

Why does CHX not have an ADA seal?

A

ADA seals are for consumer products OTC (not prescriptions)

163
Q

Alcohol is used as a:

A

solvent

164
Q

Which of the following are not a secondary, local causative factor of periodontal disease?

A

Stress

(xerostomia and medication are!!)

165
Q

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for caries?

A

Smoking

(snacking and drug use are!!)

166
Q

Which of the following is a disease indicator of caries?

A

Restorations within 3 years

167
Q

A true pseudopocket is caused by:

A

Hyperplasia

168
Q

Overangulation of sickles scalers:

A

Weill result in burnished calculus

169
Q

T/F: The middle finger is used to roll an instrument

A

False

170
Q

Describe when cementum is deposited:

A

Continuously deposited apically throughout life

171
Q

Alveolar mucosa is NOT:

a) thick, nonkeratinized
b) movable tissue
c) separate from attached gingiva at MGJ
d) darker shade of red

A

a) thick, non-keratinized

(alveolar mucosa is thin and non-keratinized)

172
Q

What is false about gingival fiber groups:

a) around the cervical area with gingival tissues
b) includes dentogingival, alveologinigval, circumferential, dentoperiosteal & transeptal fibers
c)

A

These are both true - we dont know the actual answer

173
Q

Soft, sponge, dense, BOP is used to describe:

A

Consistency

174
Q

Principle fibers that have masticatory stresses:

A

Oblique fibers

175
Q

Principle fiber group from the root apex to adjacent surrounding bone to resist vertical forces:

A

apical fibers

176
Q

Principle fibers from the root above the apical fibers obliquely toward the occlusal to resist vertical and unexpected strong forces:

A

Oblique fibers

177
Q

Principle fibers from the cementum in the middle of each root to adjacent alveolar bone to resist tipping of the tooth:

A

Horizontal fibers

178
Q

Principle fiber group from the alveolar crest to the cementum just below the CEJ to resist intrusive forces:

A

alveolar crest fibers

179
Q

Principle fibers from the cementum between the roots of multi-rooted teeth to the adjacent bone to resist vertical and lateral forces:

A

interradicular fibers

180
Q

Transeptal fibers provide resistance to:

A

the separation of teeth

181
Q

Circumferential fibers help maintain the tooth:

A

in position

182
Q

Most coronal to teeth:

a) attached gingiva
b) MGJ
c) free gingiva

A

free gingiva

183
Q

Valley-like depression of interproximal contact areas:

A

Gingival col

184
Q

Most likely reason that gingivitis doesn’t progress to periodontitis:

A

Patient NOT susceptible

185
Q

OTC fluoride = _____ ppm

A

1000

186
Q

Saliva and gingival crevicular fluid make an intracellular matrix, what else contributes to it:

A

bacteria

187
Q

Saliva, GCF, and bacteria all contribute to:

A

Intracellular matrix

188
Q

Easily displaced with water:

A

Materia alba

189
Q

T/F: Bacteria attaches to the acquired pellicle

A

True???

190
Q

Used for caries detection & subgingival calculus detection:

A

Periodontal explorer

191
Q

What instrument would you use to remove supragingival calculus off a posterior molar?

A

Posterior sickles scaler

192
Q

What instrument is most likely to hurt the gingiva if used wrong?

A

Sickle scaler

193
Q

When probing, how many measurements should you record per tooth?

A

6

194
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis does what to the oral cavity?

A

Decreases the pH

195
Q

What causes calculus to start forming subgingivally?

A
196
Q

A patient had gingivitis and it did not turn to periodontitis, why is this?

A

Not a susceptible host

196
Q

What is true about the free gingival groove?

A

Occurs in 50% of the population & something else

196
Q

What has 12,300 ppm?

A

Acidulated phosphate fluoride

197
Q

What tool would you use for generalized supragingival calculus, posterior maxillary sextant?

A

Posterior sickle scaler

197
Q

Why does the color of the gingiva play a key role in evaluating the health of the gingiva?

A

vascular changes

197
Q

What is NOT a function of the periodontal ligament fibers?

A

Attachment of cementum to the tooth

198
Q

Cementum is NOT:

a) calcified connective tissue covering roots of teeth
b) continuously deposited in apical area of root throughout life
c) attach PDL to tooth
d) most mineralized of calcified tissues

A

d) most mineralized of calcified tissues

199
Q

Not a function of the periodontal probe:

a) measure size of lesion
b) removal of calculus
c) bleeding on probe
d) overjet/overbite

A

b) removal of calculus

Patient Care III (19 decks)

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