Fluoride Flashcards
_____% of adults aged 20-64 have had dental caries in permanent teeth
92%
___% of adults aged 20-64 have untreated decay
26
A supplement to caries prevention-not a solution on its own:
Fluoride
Fluoride is a _____ to caries prevention but not a ______ on its own
supplement; prevention
What is the priority to to caries control?
oral hygiene/plaque control
What must be addressed with the patient as an aspect of caries control?
Dietary habits
Type of fluoride therapy in which Ingested agents that become incorporated into forming tooth structure:
systemic application
Type of fluoride therapy characterized by strengthening the teeth already in the mouth, making them more resistant to caries:
Topical application
What are the two types of fluoride therapy?
- Systemic application
- Topical application
Systemic application of fluoride therapy includes: (3)
- water
- supplements
- food/beverages
Topical application of fluoride therapy include: (3)
- water
- homecare (toothpaste, mouth rinses, etc.)
- in-office products
What is the mechanism of action of systemic fluoride therapy?
Ingested and incorporated into enamel during development of tooth structures
What are the mechanisms of action of topical fluoride therapy? (2)
- promoted remineralization and prevents demineralization after eruption
- inhibits glycolysis in bacteria, thereby inhibiting the ability of bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates and produce acid
What type of fluoride therapy inhibits glycolysis in bacteria?
topical therapy
An increase of the natural fluoride level in a community’s water supply to a level optimal for dental health:
Water fluoridation
Fluoridation of water has contributed to a major decline in _______ from the 1950s to 1980s and continues to:
dental caries; reduce/prevent tooth decay
When cities discontinue water fluoridation, evidence demonstrates:
rapid increase in caries rates
Considered one of the most cost-effective preventive dental program by public health:
water fluoridation
Benefits of water fluoridation include:
- ____ decrease in caries in primary dentition
- _____ decrease in children/adolescent permanent dentition
- approximately ____ decrease in coronal caries and ______ decrease in root caries in adult population
- 30-39%
- 35%
- 20-30% ; 20-40%
What do we mean by shooting for an “optimal” level of water fluoridation?
Optimal= minimal caries with minimal fluorosis
(just the right amount)
______ ppm decreases caries with less than _____% of population with fluorosis
.7 ppm; 10%
What is the optimal level of water fluoridation?
0.6 ppm - 1.2 ppm
Changes in the appearance of enamel caused by too much systemic fluoride:
Fluorosis
Fluorosis is a change in the appearance of enamel caused by too much:
Systemic fluoride
What can be seen in the following image?
Fluorosis
Discuss how you can distinguish between demineralization of tooth structures and fluorosis:
Upon exploring, demineralized tooth structure will feel rough, whereas fluorosis will feel smooth
The image on the left shows ______, while the image on the right shows _____
Left: demineralization of tooth structures
Right: Fluorosis
Teeth are comprised of ____ inorganic substances, by comparison bones are typically around _____ inorganic
99%
70%
Teeth are comprised of:
_____% minerals
_____% water
_____% proteins
95% minerals
4% water
1% proteins
A tooth is composed primarily of minerals (95%). These minerals include:
Primarily calcium & phosphorus which bond together to form hard crystallites
Fluoride is deposited into enamel during enamel maturation phase, resulting in a concentration of fluoride in the enamel:
Topical fluoride therapy
Topical fluoride therapy is deposited into the _______ during the _______ phase, resulting in a concentration of fluoride in the enamel
enamel; enamel maturation
When using topical fluoride, the highest concentration occurs in the ______ portion (5-10 microns) and decreases as you ______
outermost; move toward the dentin
When using topical fluoride, fluoride ions are substituted in the _____ and form a stable, more compact bond, making the tooth resistant to ____
hydroxyapatite crystal; demineralization
Topical fluoride does NOT cause:
Fluorosis
The enamel’s reaction to fluoride is influence by: (3)
- concentration of fluoride
- pH of fluoride
- length of exposure
Acidic fluorides typically form:
Calcium fluoride
Higher concentrations of fluoride form:
Calcium fluoride
In office fluorides are > _____ ppm so they typically form ______
9000 ppm; calcium fluoride
Fluorides you can buy over the counter are considered:
Neutral fluorides
Neutral fluorides < _____ ppm form _____
100 ppm; fluorapatite
Benefits of topical fluoride include: (3)
- remineralization
- interferes with bacterial metabolism
- prevention
Types of topical fluoride applications:
1) 2% Neutral sodium fluoride (9000 ppm) foam or gel application
2) 1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) (12,300 ppm) foam or gel
3) 5.0% NaF (22,600 ppm) varnish
1) 2% Neutral sodium fluoride (9000 ppm) foam or gel application
2) 1.23% Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) (12,300 ppm) foam or gel
3) 5.0% NaF (22,600 ppm) varnish
Of the listed types of topical fluoride applications, which label which are commonly/rarely used in practice:
1) rarely used in practices
2) rarely used in practices
3) commonly used in practices
Initial deposits of fluoride is:
NOT permanent
What happens to the topical fluoride after 24 hours after the initial application:
relatively rapid loss
What happens to the topical fluoride in the several weeks following the initial application:
Loss continues for several weeks
After every application of topical fluoride, there is an increase in the amount of _____ fluoride in the ______
permanently bound; outermost layer of enamel
After every application of topical fluoride, there is an increase in the amount of permanently fluoride in the outermost layer of enamel.
This causes:
A decrease in caries susceptibility (initiation & progression)
