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Patient Care III > Plaque Biofilm (Final Review) > Flashcards

Plaque Biofilm (Final Review) Flashcards

1
Q

A layer of living organisms that can attach to a solid object:

A

biofilm

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2
Q

Biofilm is:

  1. Composed of _____
  2. Encased within _____
  3. ______ in content
  4. Frequently contain ______
A
  1. microbial cells
  2. a matrix that acts as a barrier
  3. diverse
  4. microcolonies of bacterial cells
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3
Q

Surrounds the bacteria within the plaque biofilm (acts as a barrier):

A

Plaque matrix

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4
Q

The plaque matrix is composed of:

A

inorganic & organic components that originate from bacteria

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5
Q

The MAJOR components of plaque matrix:

A

Polysaccharides derived from bacterial metabolism of carbs

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6
Q

The MINOR components of plaque matrix:

A

salivary glycoproteins

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7
Q

List the organic components of biofilm:

A
  1. polysaccharides
  2. proteins
  3. lipid material
  4. glycoproteins
  5. DNA
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8
Q

List the inorganic components of biofilm:

A
  1. calcium
  2. phosphorus
  3. trace amounts of sodium, potassium & fluoride
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9
Q

Nonmineralized; naturally acquired biofilm that develops on teeth:

A

Dental plaque

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10
Q

Dental plaque is a ______ biofilm

A

multi-species

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11
Q

Sticky colorless film which constantly forms over teeth:

A

dental plaque

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12
Q

How may dental plaque be removed?

A

with mechanical force such as brushing or flossing

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13
Q

Supragingival plaque:

  1. The initial growth occurs:
  2. The later growth occurs:
A
  1. along gingival margins & interdental spaces
  2. further extension in the coronal direction
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14
Q

What does materia alba consist of?

A
  1. Salivary proteins
  2. bacteria
  3. desquamated epithelial cells
  4. disintegrating food debris
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15
Q

Plaque that becomes mineralized by calcium & phosphate salts from the saliva:

A

calculus

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16
Q

What components from saliva allow plaque to mineralize?

A

calcium & phosphate salts

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17
Q

_____ plays a major role in periodontitis because it keeps plaque close to gingival tissues & makes it difficult to remove the irritant

A

calculus

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18
Q

T/F: CALCULUS is NOT the irritant, PLAQUE IS

A

True

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19
Q

Can calculus be removed with a toothbrush or floss?

A

no- must be removed professionally

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20
Q

Mineralization of plaque starts in the _______ and eventually occurs within the _____

A

intercellular matrix; bacterial cell

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21
Q

Calculus is composed of _____% inorganic components & _____% organic components

A

70-90% inorganic
10-30% organic

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22
Q

What are the 4 main crystal forms of calculus?

A
  1. Hydroxyapatite (58%)
  2. Magnesium whitlockite (21%)
  3. Octacalcium phosphate (12%)
  4. Brushite (9%)
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23
Q

Mineralization starts between days _____ of plaque formation

A

1-14

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24
Q

T/F: All plaque eventually undergoes mineralization

A

False- all plaque does NOT undergo mineralization

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25
Q

What are the mineral sources that aid in the mineralization of calculus?

A

Supragingival: saliva
Subgingival: GCF & inflammatory exudate

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26
Q

The supragingival mineral source that aids in the mineralization of calculus:

A

saliva

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27
Q

The subgingival mineral source that aids in the mineralization of calculus:

A

GCF & Inflammatory exudate

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28
Q

Supragingival calculus is _____ to the gingival margin

A

coronal

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29
Q

Supragingival calculus is ____ in color

A

white or yellowish

30
Q

Supragingival calculus derives minerals from:

A

the slaiva

31
Q

Supragingival calculus is commonly found adjacent to:

A

salivary gland ducts

32
Q

Approximately ____% of supragingival calculus is mineralized

A

30%

33
Q

Subgingival calculus is located:

A

below the crest of marginal gingiva; not clinically visible

34
Q

What is best for detecting subgingival calculus?

A

explorer & radiographs

35
Q

Subgingival calculus derives minerals from:

A

inflammatory exudate

36
Q

Describe the color of subgingival calculus:

A

dense, dark brown or black due to blood components and/or bacterial degradation

37
Q

Subgingival calculus can be ____ & ____ to the tooth

A

tenacious & firmly attached

38
Q

What percentage of subgingival calculus is mineralized?

A

approximately 60%

39
Q

How does calculus form/attach to cementum?

A
  1. organic pellicle
  2. mechanical locking into surface irregularieies
  3. close adaptation to gentle depression or sloping amounts of unaltered cementum
  4. bacterial penetration into cementum surfaces
40
Q

What are the phases of dental plaque accumulation?

A
  1. formation of pellicle on tooth surface
  2. initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria
  3. colonization/plaque maturation
41
Q

Put the following phases of dental plaque accumulation in order:

-initial adhesion/attachment
-colonization/plaque maturation
-formation of pellicle on tooth surface

A
  1. formation of pellicle on tooth surface
  2. initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria
  3. colonization/plaque maturation
42
Q

The formation of an acquired pellicle originates from the:

A

saliva

43
Q

Within how long from being removed does an acquired pellicle begin to form?

A

within 1 min

44
Q

The acquired pellicle is _____ in nature & consists primarily of _____

A

acellular; glycoproteins

45
Q

Colonization of the acquired pellicle serves as a _____ for bacteria

A

nutrient

46
Q

It takes approximately ____ for the acquired pellicle to develop into its condensed, mature form

A

7 days

47
Q

The initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria to the acquired pellicle occurs:

A

as soon as the bacteria is introduced into the mouth

48
Q

With the initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria to the acquired pellicle, primary colonizers provide:

A

binding sites for other bacteria

49
Q

What are the three phases of bacterial colonization onto the acquired pellicle:

A
  1. transport to the surface
  2. initial reversible adhesion
  3. strong attachment

(TIS the season to colonize to this pellicle)

50
Q

With maturation of the plaque, ______ occur because of bacteria attaching to primary colonizing bacteria

A

Coadhesions

51
Q

With maturation of the plaque, coadhesions lead to growth of:

A

microcolonies & thus biofilm

52
Q

List the following steps of plaque formation in order:

-maturation
-intiation adhesion
-pellicle formation
-dispersion

A
  1. pellicle formation
  2. initial adhesion
  3. maturation
  4. dispersion
53
Q

List the four functions of the acquired pellicle:

A
  1. protection
  2. lubrication
  3. Nidus for bacteria
  4. aids in the attachment of calculus
54
Q

Which of the four functions of the acquired pellicle is being described?

-Provides a barrier against acids, thus reducing dental caries attack

A

Protective

55
Q

Which of the four functions of the acquired pellicle is being described?

-Keeps surface moist, prevents drying

A

Lubrication

56
Q

Which of the four functions of the acquired pellicle is being described?

-Key role in the development of plaque

A

Nidus for bacteria

57
Q

Stage 1 of biofilm formation:

A

pellicle formation

58
Q

Stage 2 of biofilm formation:

A

bacterial colonization

59
Q

Stage 3 of biofilm formation:

A

plaque maturation

60
Q

What stage & day of biofilm formation is gingivitis clinically evident?

A

Stage 3- Plaque maturation; days 14-24

61
Q

The initial colonizers of plaque formation:

A

Gram + aerobic & facultative organisms (actinomyces, streptococcus)

62
Q

The secondary colonizers of plaque formation:

A

P. intermedia
P. gingivalis
Capnocytophaga
Spirochetes
Motile rods
Gram - anaerobic organisms

63
Q

The secondary colonizers of dental plaque formation (P-intermedia, P-gingivalis, Capnocytophaga, Spirochetes, motile rods & gram negative anaerobic organisms) are the:

A

etiologic initiators of caries and periodontitis

64
Q

Are the initial colonizers or secondary colonizers of bacterial species found in plaque the etiologic initiators of caries & periodontitis?

A

Secondary colonizers

65
Q

When energy sources are introduced (sucrose) to the microganisms in the plaque biofilm, the microorganisms produce:

A
  1. acid
  2. intracellular polysaccharides
  3. extracellular polysaccharides
66
Q

Factors affecting plaque accumulation include:

A
  1. mechanical removal
  2. availability of nutrients
  3. undisturbed environment
  4. interaction between bacteria & host response
67
Q

T/F: Organisms in biofilm are 100x more resistant to antibiotics

A

False- 1000-1500x more resistant

68
Q

What makes the bacterial species in a biofilm less susceptible to antibiotics?

A

slower rate of growth of bacterial species

69
Q

How long does it take before plaque is clinically visible?

A

two days

70
Q

T/F: Dental plaque is NOT a derivative of food debris

A

True

71
Q

Summary:

  1. Plaque cannot be removed by spraying water
  2. As plaque matures it becomes resistant to mechanical removal
  3. biofilm forms in three stages
    & matures within 14-24 days
  4. as bacteria search for nutrients, they migrate subgingivally
  5. host defends itself via inflammatory response; gingivitis is initiated
A

Patient Care III (19 decks)

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