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Patient Care III > Plaque Biofilm (Final Review) > Flashcards

Plaque Biofilm (Final Review) Flashcards

1
Q

A layer of living organisms that can attach to a solid object:

A

biofilm

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2
Q

Biofilm is:

  1. Composed of _____
  2. Encased within _____
  3. ______ in content
  4. Frequently contain ______
A
  1. microbial cells
  2. a matrix that acts as a barrier
  3. diverse
  4. microcolonies of bacterial cells
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3
Q

Surrounds the bacteria within the plaque biofilm (acts as a barrier):

A

Plaque matrix

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4
Q

The plaque matrix is composed of:

A

inorganic & organic components that originate from bacteria

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5
Q

The MAJOR components of plaque matrix:

A

Polysaccharides derived from bacterial metabolism of carbs

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6
Q

The MINOR components of plaque matrix:

A

salivary glycoproteins

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7
Q

List the organic components of biofilm:

A
  1. polysaccharides
  2. proteins
  3. lipid material
  4. glycoproteins
  5. DNA
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8
Q

List the inorganic components of biofilm:

A
  1. calcium
  2. phosphorus
  3. trace amounts of sodium, potassium & fluoride
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9
Q

Nonmineralized; naturally acquired biofilm that develops on teeth:

A

Dental plaque

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10
Q

Dental plaque is a ______ biofilm

A

multi-species

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11
Q

Sticky colorless film which constantly forms over teeth:

A

dental plaque

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12
Q

How may dental plaque be removed?

A

with mechanical force such as brushing or flossing

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13
Q

Supragingival plaque:

  1. The initial growth occurs:
  2. The later growth occurs:
A
  1. along gingival margins & interdental spaces
  2. further extension in the coronal direction
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14
Q

What does materia alba consist of?

A
  1. Salivary proteins
  2. bacteria
  3. desquamated epithelial cells
  4. disintegrating food debris
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15
Q

Plaque that becomes mineralized by calcium & phosphate salts from the saliva:

A

calculus

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16
Q

What components from saliva allow plaque to mineralize?

A

calcium & phosphate salts

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17
Q

_____ plays a major role in periodontitis because it keeps plaque close to gingival tissues & makes it difficult to remove the irritant

A

calculus

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18
Q

T/F: CALCULUS is NOT the irritant, PLAQUE IS

A

True

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19
Q

Can calculus be removed with a toothbrush or floss?

A

no- must be removed professionally

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20
Q

Mineralization of plaque starts in the _______ and eventually occurs within the _____

A

intercellular matrix; bacterial cell

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21
Q

Calculus is composed of _____% inorganic components & _____% organic components

A

70-90% inorganic
10-30% organic

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22
Q

What are the 4 main crystal forms of calculus?

A
  1. Hydroxyapatite (58%)
  2. Magnesium whitlockite (21%)
  3. Octacalcium phosphate (12%)
  4. Brushite (9%)
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23
Q

Mineralization starts between days _____ of plaque formation

A

1-14

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24
Q

T/F: All plaque eventually undergoes mineralization

A

False- all plaque does NOT undergo mineralization

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25
What are the mineral sources that aid in the mineralization of calculus?
Supragingival: saliva Subgingival: GCF & inflammatory exudate
26
The supragingival mineral source that aids in the mineralization of calculus:
saliva
27
The subgingival mineral source that aids in the mineralization of calculus:
GCF & Inflammatory exudate
28
Supragingival calculus is _____ to the gingival margin
coronal
29
Supragingival calculus is ____ in color
white or yellowish
30
Supragingival calculus derives minerals from:
the slaiva
31
Supragingival calculus is commonly found adjacent to:
salivary gland ducts
32
Approximately ____% of supragingival calculus is mineralized
30%
33
Subgingival calculus is located:
below the crest of marginal gingiva; not clinically visible
34
What is best for detecting subgingival calculus?
explorer & radiographs
35
Subgingival calculus derives minerals from:
inflammatory exudate
36
Describe the color of subgingival calculus:
dense, dark brown or black due to blood components and/or bacterial degradation
37
Subgingival calculus can be ____ & ____ to the tooth
tenacious & firmly attached
38
What percentage of subgingival calculus is mineralized?
approximately 60%
39
How does calculus form/attach to cementum?
1. organic pellicle 2. mechanical locking into surface irregularieies 3. close adaptation to gentle depression or sloping amounts of unaltered cementum 4. bacterial penetration into cementum surfaces
40
What are the phases of dental plaque accumulation?
1. formation of pellicle on tooth surface 2. initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria 3. colonization/plaque maturation
41
Put the following phases of dental plaque accumulation in order: -initial adhesion/attachment -colonization/plaque maturation -formation of pellicle on tooth surface
1. formation of pellicle on tooth surface 2. initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria 3. colonization/plaque maturation
42
The formation of an acquired pellicle originates from the:
saliva
43
Within how long from being removed does an acquired pellicle begin to form?
within 1 min
44
The acquired pellicle is _____ in nature & consists primarily of _____
acellular; glycoproteins
45
Colonization of the acquired pellicle serves as a _____ for bacteria
nutrient
46
It takes approximately ____ for the acquired pellicle to develop into its condensed, mature form
7 days
47
The initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria to the acquired pellicle occurs:
as soon as the bacteria is introduced into the mouth
48
With the initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria to the acquired pellicle, primary colonizers provide:
binding sites for other bacteria
49
What are the three phases of bacterial colonization onto the acquired pellicle:
1. transport to the surface 2. initial reversible adhesion 3. strong attachment (TIS the season to colonize to this pellicle)
50
With maturation of the plaque, ______ occur because of bacteria attaching to primary colonizing bacteria
Coadhesions
51
With maturation of the plaque, coadhesions lead to growth of:
microcolonies & thus biofilm
52
List the following steps of plaque formation in order: -maturation -intiation adhesion -pellicle formation -dispersion
1. pellicle formation 2. initial adhesion 3. maturation 4. dispersion
53
List the four functions of the acquired pellicle:
1. protection 2. lubrication 3. Nidus for bacteria 4. aids in the attachment of calculus
54
Which of the four functions of the acquired pellicle is being described? -Provides a barrier against acids, thus reducing dental caries attack
Protective
55
Which of the four functions of the acquired pellicle is being described? -Keeps surface moist, prevents drying
Lubrication
56
Which of the four functions of the acquired pellicle is being described? -Key role in the development of plaque
Nidus for bacteria
57
Stage 1 of biofilm formation:
pellicle formation
58
Stage 2 of biofilm formation:
bacterial colonization
59
Stage 3 of biofilm formation:
plaque maturation
60
What stage & day of biofilm formation is gingivitis clinically evident?
Stage 3- Plaque maturation; days 14-24
61
The initial colonizers of plaque formation:
Gram + aerobic & facultative organisms (actinomyces, streptococcus)
62
The secondary colonizers of plaque formation:
P. intermedia P. gingivalis Capnocytophaga Spirochetes Motile rods Gram - anaerobic organisms
63
The secondary colonizers of dental plaque formation (P-intermedia, P-gingivalis, Capnocytophaga, Spirochetes, motile rods & gram negative anaerobic organisms) are the:
etiologic initiators of caries and periodontitis
64
Are the initial colonizers or secondary colonizers of bacterial species found in plaque the etiologic initiators of caries & periodontitis?
Secondary colonizers
65
When energy sources are introduced (sucrose) to the microganisms in the plaque biofilm, the microorganisms produce:
1. acid 2. intracellular polysaccharides 3. extracellular polysaccharides
66
Factors affecting plaque accumulation include:
1. mechanical removal 2. availability of nutrients 3. undisturbed environment 4. interaction between bacteria & host response
67
T/F: Organisms in biofilm are 100x more resistant to antibiotics
False- 1000-1500x more resistant
68
What makes the bacterial species in a biofilm less susceptible to antibiotics?
slower rate of growth of bacterial species
69
How long does it take before plaque is clinically visible?
two days
70
T/F: Dental plaque is NOT a derivative of food debris
True
71
Summary: 1. Plaque cannot be removed by spraying water 2. As plaque matures it becomes resistant to mechanical removal 3. biofilm forms in three stages & matures within 14-24 days 4. as bacteria search for nutrients, they migrate subgingivally 5. host defends itself via inflammatory response; gingivitis is initiated

Patient Care III (19 decks)

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