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Patient Care III > Sugar & Other Sweeteners > Flashcards

Sugar & Other Sweeteners Flashcards

1
Q

Intake of sugar increases risk for:

A

caries

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2
Q

Describe the relationship between sugar consumption & dental caries:

A

Dose-response relationship

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3
Q

Considered a highly prevalent oral disease, negatively impacting quality of life for all ages:

A

Caries

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4
Q

Impact of ____ has been positive, even as sugar consumption increases around the world

A

fluoride

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5
Q

Sugar provides many uses to a lot of foods we consume including:

A
  1. sweetening agent
  2. flavor blender/modified
  3. texture
  4. dispersing agent
  5. color agent
  6. bulking agent
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6
Q

As higher amounts of sugar are consumed, your brain requires more sweetness to satisfy _______ in your brain

A

reward level

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7
Q

According to the FDA, what is the daily value (DV) for:

  • Total sugars that occur naturally in our food
  • Added sugars
A

Total sugars: no DV

Added sugar: 50g/day for a 2000 calorie diet

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8
Q

Give some examples of foods/beverages in our diet that have naturally occurring sugars:

A

milk & fruit

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9
Q

Give some examples of foods/beverages in our diet that have added sugars:

A

processed foods, soda & juices

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10
Q

Alternative sweetener classifications:

A
  1. polyols
  2. intense sweeteners
  3. nonnutritive sweeteners
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11
Q

what are polyols:

A

sugar alcohols

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12
Q

_____ make up 40% of the caloric content of sucrose

A

polyols

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13
Q

Polyols have physical characteristics similar to:

A

sucrose

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14
Q

What type of artificial sweetener is considered not typically great for baking?

A

Polyols

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15
Q

List examples of polyols:

A
  1. sorbitol
  2. mannitol
  3. erythritol
  4. xylitol
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16
Q

Type of polyol that occurs naturally in fruits and berries:

A

sorbitol

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17
Q

Compared to sucrose, sorbitol is _____% as sweet

A

60%

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18
Q

Sorbitol is considered ______ however it is slowly fermented by _____

A

noncariogenic; S. mutans

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19
Q

Sorbitol can cause ______ if large quantities are digested

A

GI issues

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20
Q

Naturally occurring polyol found in seaweed:

A

mannitol

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21
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of sorbitol:

A

considered noncariogenic but shown to be cariogenic in patients with decreased salivary function

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22
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of mannitol:

A

Virtually no cariogenic activity due to slow metabolism from oral microorganisms

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23
Q

Polyol that is used as a dusting agent for chewing gum and bulking agent in powdered foods:

A

Mannitol

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24
Q

Mannitol has ______% of the relative sweetness of sugar

A

50-70%

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25
Q

What is one negative aspect of the polyol mannitol?

A

lingers in the intestine and may cause bloating/diarrhea

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26
Q

Erythritol has the sweetness level of ______ of sucrose

A

60-80%

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27
Q

Which polyol is considered safe for diabetics? Why?

A

Erythritol- it does not affect blood glucose levels after ingestion

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28
Q

Erythritol is a ____ containing ____ calories

A

sugar alcohol; zero

29
Q

What is a negative aspect of the polyol erythritol?

A

When eaten in excessive amounts, may cause GI discomfort

30
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of erythritol:

A

Noncariogenic; inhibits growth of streptococcus mutans

31
Q

What polyol is a naturally occurring caloric 5-carbon sugar alcohol:

A

Xylitol

32
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of Xylitol:

A

noncariogenic; non fermentable by oral bacteria & exhibits antibacterial properties

33
Q

Xylitol is produced commercially from:

A

Birch trees, corncobs, and the waste from sugarcane

34
Q

The sweetness of xylitol ________ of sucrose, however it is ______ as costly to produce

A

approximates the sweetness; 10x

35
Q

What types of products is Xylitol primarily incorporated into?

A
  1. chewing gum
  2. mints
  3. mouthiness
  4. toothpaste
  5. syrup (sometimes)
  6. candy (sometimes)
36
Q

Why is Xylitol considered an antibacterial? (3)

A
  1. decreases bacterial metabolism & produces a drop in dental plaque pH
  2. Promotes the selection of xylitol-resistant mutans streptococci
  3. stimulates salivary secretion
37
Q

What is Xylitols affect on dental plaque?

A

Produces a drop in dental plaque pH

38
Q

Used as a plant-based caries management method:

A

Xylitol

39
Q

What is the ideal use of Xylitol for caries management?

A
  1. using xylitol-containing products in addition to daily fluoride exposure
  2. at least 5g of xylitol per day
  3. daily intake should be divided into 3-4 doses with exposure time of 5-10 min with each dose
40
Q

When using xylitol for caries management, how much is recommended per day to achieve optimum therapeutic effect on S. Mutans?

A

5g

41
Q

When using xylitol for caries management, how should daily intake be divided?

A

3-4 doses with exposure time of 5-10 min with each dose

42
Q

Describe the type of Xylitol products that should be used for caries management:

A
  1. xylitol products that actively stimulate salivary flow
  2. products should ideally have xylitol as the single sweetner
43
Q

When recommending xylitol products, be sure to make it known to patients that:

A

Xylitol is HIGHLY TOXIC to dogs

44
Q

Discuss why xylitol is highly toxic to dogs, with higher amounts possibly causing death:

A

Causes rapid/sever increase of insulin productions and leads to hypoglycemia

45
Q

List the amounts of xylitol per piece of each of the following gums:

-Epic:
-Ice cubes:
-Trident:
-Orbit:

A

-Epic: 1.06g
-Ice cubes: 1.15g
-Trident: 0.17g
-Orbit: 0.009-0.3g (depending on flavor)

46
Q

Intense sweetness include:

A
  1. Saccharin
  2. Asparatame
  3. Sucralose
47
Q

Intense sweetener that is 200-700x sweeter than sucrose:

A

Saccharin

48
Q

Saccharin is both _____ & _____

A

nonnutritive & noncariogenic

49
Q

Oldest artificial sweetener used in the US (Sweet ‘N’ Low):

A

Saccharin

50
Q

Saccharin may be used as:

A

a sweetener in some toothpastes

51
Q

Intense sweetener that is 200x sweeter than sucrose:

A

Aspartame

52
Q

_____ account for more than 70% of aspartame consumption

A

soft drinks

53
Q

FDA requires foods containing aspartame to have the following label:

A

PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE

54
Q

In July 2023, the American Cancer Society and World Health Organization has stated there is limited evidence that the consumption of aspartame might:

A

Cause cancer (specifically liver cancer)

55
Q

Intense sweetener that is 600x sweeter than sucrose:

A

Sucralose

56
Q

Sucralose is both _____ & _____

A

noncariogenic; nonnutritive

57
Q

Sucralose is _______ and it is largely excreted in the feces & urine unchanged

A

poorly absorbed

58
Q

Intense sweetener that poses no cariogenic risks to humans

A

sucralose

59
Q

A nonnutritive sweetener that is a natural sweetener extracted from the leaves of shrub found in South America:

A

Stevioside (Stevia)

60
Q

Nonnutritive sweetener that is 100-300x sweeter than table sugar

A

Stevioside (stevia)

61
Q

Stevioside (stevia) is considered good for baking because:

A

It is heat stable

62
Q

Nonnutritive sweetener that supports the prevention of caries; streptococcus mutans experience growth suppression and secretes less acid with presence of this sweetener:

A

Stevioside (stevia)

63
Q

In 2008, the FDA approves this nonnutritive sweetener as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS):

A

Stevioside (stevia)

64
Q

Nonnutritive sweetener that is a natural, zero-calorie sweetener extracted from monk fruit:

A

Monk fruit

65
Q

Monk fruit is high in ____ called _____ which continue to it being extremely sweet

A

antioxidants; mogrosides

66
Q

Due to the high amount of antioxidants, this nonnutritive sweetener is 100-250 times sweeter than table sugar:

A

Monk fruit

67
Q

Monk fruit was used for centuries in ________ and then became an FDA approved sweetener in _____

A

traditional Chinese medicine; 2010

68
Q

Monk fruit is often mixed with other natural sweeteners (such as Erythritol) to:

A

Reduce the intensity of sweetness

69
Q
A

Patient Care III (19 decks)

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