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Patient Care III > Sugar & Other Sweeteners > Flashcards

Sugar & Other Sweeteners Flashcards

1
Q

Intake of sugar increases risk for:

A

caries

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2
Q

Describe the relationship between sugar consumption & dental caries:

A

Dose-response relationship

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3
Q

Considered a highly prevalent oral disease, negatively impacting quality of life for all ages:

A

Caries

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4
Q

Impact of ____ has been positive, even as sugar consumption increases around the world

A

fluoride

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5
Q

Sugar provides many uses to a lot of foods we consume including:

A
  1. sweetening agent
  2. flavor blender/modified
  3. texture
  4. dispersing agent
  5. color agent
  6. bulking agent
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6
Q

As higher amounts of sugar are consumed, your brain requires more sweetness to satisfy _______ in your brain

A

reward level

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7
Q

According to the FDA, what is the daily value (DV) for:

  • Total sugars that occur naturally in our food
  • Added sugars
A

Total sugars: no DV

Added sugar: 50g/day for a 2000 calorie diet

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8
Q

Give some examples of foods/beverages in our diet that have naturally occurring sugars:

A

milk & fruit

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9
Q

Give some examples of foods/beverages in our diet that have added sugars:

A

processed foods, soda & juices

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10
Q

Alternative sweetener classifications:

A
  1. polyols
  2. intense sweeteners
  3. nonnutritive sweeteners
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11
Q

what are polyols:

A

sugar alcohols

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12
Q

_____ make up 40% of the caloric content of sucrose

A

polyols

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13
Q

Polyols have physical characteristics similar to:

A

sucrose

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14
Q

What type of artificial sweetener is considered not typically great for baking?

A

Polyols

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15
Q

List examples of polyols:

A
  1. sorbitol
  2. mannitol
  3. erythritol
  4. xylitol
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16
Q

Type of polyol that occurs naturally in fruits and berries:

A

sorbitol

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17
Q

Compared to sucrose, sorbitol is _____% as sweet

A

60%

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18
Q

Sorbitol is considered ______ however it is slowly fermented by _____

A

noncariogenic; S. mutans

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19
Q

Sorbitol can cause ______ if large quantities are digested

A

GI issues

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20
Q

Naturally occurring polyol found in seaweed:

A

mannitol

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21
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of sorbitol:

A

considered noncariogenic but shown to be cariogenic in patients with decreased salivary function

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22
Q

Discuss the cariogenicity of mannitol:

A

Virtually no cariogenic activity due to slow metabolism from oral microorganisms

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23
Q

Polyol that is used as a dusting agent for chewing gum and bulking agent in powdered foods:

A

Mannitol

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24
Q

Mannitol has ______% of the relative sweetness of sugar

A

50-70%

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25
What is one negative aspect of the polyol mannitol?
lingers in the intestine and may cause bloating/diarrhea
26
Erythritol has the sweetness level of ______ of sucrose
60-80%
27
Which polyol is considered safe for diabetics? Why?
Erythritol- it does not affect blood glucose levels after ingestion
28
Erythritol is a ____ containing ____ calories
sugar alcohol; zero
29
What is a negative aspect of the polyol erythritol?
When eaten in excessive amounts, may cause GI discomfort
30
Discuss the cariogenicity of erythritol:
Noncariogenic; inhibits growth of streptococcus mutans
31
What polyol is a naturally occurring caloric 5-carbon sugar alcohol:
Xylitol
32
Discuss the cariogenicity of Xylitol:
noncariogenic; non fermentable by oral bacteria & exhibits antibacterial properties
33
Xylitol is produced commercially from:
Birch trees, corncobs, and the waste from sugarcane
34
The sweetness of xylitol ________ of sucrose, however it is ______ as costly to produce
approximates the sweetness; 10x
35
What types of products is Xylitol primarily incorporated into?
1. chewing gum 2. mints 3. mouthiness 4. toothpaste 5. syrup (sometimes) 6. candy (sometimes)
36
Why is Xylitol considered an antibacterial? (3)
1. decreases bacterial metabolism & produces a drop in dental plaque pH 2. Promotes the selection of xylitol-resistant mutans streptococci 3. stimulates salivary secretion
37
What is Xylitols affect on dental plaque?
Produces a drop in dental plaque pH
38
Used as a plant-based caries management method:
Xylitol
39
What is the ideal use of Xylitol for caries management?
1. using xylitol-containing products in addition to daily fluoride exposure 2. at least 5g of xylitol per day 3. daily intake should be divided into 3-4 doses with exposure time of 5-10 min with each dose
40
When using xylitol for caries management, how much is recommended per day to achieve optimum therapeutic effect on S. Mutans?
5g
41
When using xylitol for caries management, how should daily intake be divided?
3-4 doses with exposure time of 5-10 min with each dose
42
Describe the type of Xylitol products that should be used for caries management:
1. xylitol products that actively stimulate salivary flow 2. products should ideally have xylitol as the single sweetner
43
When recommending xylitol products, be sure to make it known to patients that:
Xylitol is HIGHLY TOXIC to dogs
44
Discuss why xylitol is highly toxic to dogs, with higher amounts possibly causing death:
Causes rapid/sever increase of insulin productions and leads to hypoglycemia
45
List the amounts of xylitol per piece of each of the following gums: -Epic: -Ice cubes: -Trident: -Orbit:
-Epic: 1.06g -Ice cubes: 1.15g -Trident: 0.17g -Orbit: 0.009-0.3g (depending on flavor)
46
Intense sweetness include:
1. Saccharin 2. Asparatame 3. Sucralose
47
Intense sweetener that is 200-700x sweeter than sucrose:
Saccharin
48
Saccharin is both _____ & _____
nonnutritive & noncariogenic
49
Oldest artificial sweetener used in the US (Sweet 'N' Low):
Saccharin
50
Saccharin may be used as:
a sweetener in some toothpastes
51
Intense sweetener that is 200x sweeter than sucrose:
Aspartame
52
_____ account for more than 70% of aspartame consumption
soft drinks
53
FDA requires foods containing aspartame to have the following label:
PHENYLKETONURICS: CONTAINS PHENYLALANINE
54
In July 2023, the American Cancer Society and World Health Organization has stated there is limited evidence that the consumption of aspartame might:
Cause cancer (specifically liver cancer)
55
Intense sweetener that is 600x sweeter than sucrose:
Sucralose
56
Sucralose is both _____ & _____
noncariogenic; nonnutritive
57
Sucralose is _______ and it is largely excreted in the feces & urine unchanged
poorly absorbed
58
Intense sweetener that poses no cariogenic risks to humans
sucralose
59
A nonnutritive sweetener that is a natural sweetener extracted from the leaves of shrub found in South America:
Stevioside (Stevia)
60
Nonnutritive sweetener that is 100-300x sweeter than table sugar
Stevioside (stevia)
61
Stevioside (stevia) is considered good for baking because:
It is heat stable
62
Nonnutritive sweetener that supports the prevention of caries; streptococcus mutans experience growth suppression and secretes less acid with presence of this sweetener:
Stevioside (stevia)
63
In 2008, the FDA approves this nonnutritive sweetener as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS):
Stevioside (stevia)
64
Nonnutritive sweetener that is a natural, zero-calorie sweetener extracted from monk fruit:
Monk fruit
65
Monk fruit is high in ____ called _____ which continue to it being extremely sweet
antioxidants; mogrosides
66
Due to the high amount of antioxidants, this nonnutritive sweetener is 100-250 times sweeter than table sugar:
Monk fruit
67
Monk fruit was used for centuries in ________ and then became an FDA approved sweetener in _____
traditional Chinese medicine; 2010
68
Monk fruit is often mixed with other natural sweeteners (such as Erythritol) to:
Reduce the intensity of sweetness
69

Patient Care III (19 decks)

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