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Patient Care III > Stains/Polishing/Plaque & Bleeding index (Final Review) > Flashcards

Stains/Polishing/Plaque & Bleeding index (Final Review) Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of stains include:

A
  1. extrinsic
  2. intrinsic
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2
Q

Surface stain:

A

extrinsic

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3
Q

Stain occurring within the tooth:

A

intrinsic

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4
Q

The following image shows:

A

Extrinsic staining

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5
Q

The following image shows:

A

Intrinsic staining

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6
Q

Sources of stain may be ____ or _____

A

exogenous or endogenous

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7
Q

If a stain is caused by factors external to the tooth (extrinsic or intrinsic):

A

Exogenous source

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8
Q

If a stain is caused by factors within the tooth (intrinsic always):

A

Endogenous source

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9
Q

An exogenous factor has the ability to cause what type of stain?

A

Extrinsic or intrinsic

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10
Q

An endogenous factor has the ability to cause what type of stain?

A

Intrinsic only

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11
Q

List some causes/examples of intrinsic stains:

A
  1. drug-induced (tetracycline)
  2. Tooth-trauma stain (necrotic pulp/pulpless tooth)
  3. restorative materials
  4. tooth development (fluorosis, hypoplasia, genetics)
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12
Q

Yellow stains are ___ stains

A

extrinsic

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13
Q

What type of stain is being described?

-common in all ages
-associate with plaque accumulation
-typically related to poor oral hygiene
-source is typically food pigments

A

Yellow stain

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14
Q

What is the source of a yellow stain typically?

A

Food pigments

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15
Q

What type of stain is associated with poor oral hygeine & plaque accumnulation?

A

yellow stain

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16
Q

Green stains are ____ stains

A

extrinsic

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17
Q

What type of stain is being described?

-light to dark in color
-found within the plaque
-typically noted on facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors
-sometimes covered by materia alba or grayish debris
-caused by chromogenic bacteria, tobacco use, dark foods/drinks, and poor oral hygeine

A

Green stains

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18
Q

Where are green stains typically found?

A

within plaque on facial cervical third of maxillary anteriors

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19
Q

Dark green stain may:

A

become incorporated into tooth structure

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20
Q

Green stains causes: (4)

A
  1. chromo-genic bacteria
  2. tobacco use
  3. dark foods/drinks
  4. poor oral hygeine
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21
Q

What type of stain is being described?

-found along cervical 1/3 near gingival margin
-fine line that can be continuous or interrupted
-can appear black at pits/fissures
-attached via pellicle structure
-made up of microorganisms (gram + rods)
-common in women & children
-reforms after removal

A

Black line stain

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22
Q

A black line stain is a ____ stain

A

extrinsic

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23
Q

Where is a black line stain typically found?

A

along cervical 1/3 near gingival margin & may appear at pits & fissures

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24
Q

How is a black line stain attached?

A

via pellicle structure

25
Q

What type of bacteria cause black line stains?

A

gram + rods

26
Q

Black line stains are most common in:

A

women & children

27
Q

Tobacco stains are _____ stains

28
Q

What type of stain is being described?

-light brown to dark black in color
-diffuse staining of plaque; sometimes incorporated into calculus
-heavier deposits can become intrinsic staining
-frequently noticed on lingual aspects of teeth
-composed of tar products

A

Tobacco stains

29
Q

What color describes tobacco stains?

A

light brown to dark black

30
Q

Heavier deposits, especially chewing tobacco can become:

A

intrinsic staining

31
Q

Where is tobacco staining frequently noticed?

A

lingual aspects of teeth

32
Q

Tobacco staining is composed of:

A

tar products

33
Q

What type of stain is likely seen in the image below? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

A

Tobacco stain (extrinsic)

(brown color- lingual surface)

34
Q

“Other brown stains” may be caused by: (3)

A
  1. stannous fluoride
  2. anti-plaque agents
  3. betel leaf
35
Q

Orange or red stain is a _____ stain

36
Q

What type of stain is being described?

-often appears at the cervical third portion of tooth/anterior region
-rare occurence
-etiology: chromogenic bacteria

A

Orange or red stain

37
Q

What type of stain has a rare occurrence?

A

orange or red

38
Q

The cause of orange or red stains:

A

chromogenic bacteria

39
Q

What type of stain is seen in the following image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

A

Orange or red stain; extrinsic

40
Q

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

A

Tetracycline stain (intrinsic)

41
Q

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

A

Trauma-related stain (intrinsic)

42
Q

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

A

Restorative material stains (intrinsic)

43
Q

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

A

Fluorosis (intrinsic)

44
Q

What type of stain is seen in this image? Is it extrinsic or intrinsic?

A

Enamel hypoplasia (intrinsic)

45
Q

Do tooth stains cause disease?

A

No, they are not an etiological factor for diseases & removal of stains is for esthetic purposes only

46
Q

What does polishing do? (4)

A
  1. removes extrinsic stain & plaque
  2. smooths out tooth surface
  3. improves esthetic appearance
  4. aids in prepping the tooth prior to bonding
47
Q

What effect does polishing have on teeth?

A

removes fluoride-rich enamel layer & abrades dentin/cementum

48
Q

The negatives of polishing include: (5)

A
  1. aerosol production
  2. bacteremia
  3. produces heat
  4. tooth surface abrasion
  5. tissue trauma
49
Q

List the contraindications of polishing: (7)

A
  1. no extrinsic stain
  2. hypersensitivity
  3. decalcified/carious lesion
  4. cementum/dentin exposure
  5. fixed crown
  6. newly erupted teeth
  7. gingival or periodontal inflammation (no polishing after SRP)
50
Q

Why do we need a plaque index?

A

Standardized way of interpreting clinical observations of plaque present on teeth putting patients at risk for oral health disease such as caries & periodontitis

51
Q

A plaque index allows for a _____ given for observing an individual ability to practice good oral hygiene care at home & used for patient understanding

A

numerical value (%)

52
Q

Why do we need a bleeding index?

A

Standardized way of interpreting clinical observations of bleeding present with probing putting patients at risk for oral health disease such as gingivitis and periodontitis

53
Q

a bleeding index allows for a _____ given for observing bleeding upon probing

A

numerical value (%)

54
Q

Bleeding upon probing indicates:

A

ulceration of the junctional epithelium -indicating inflammation

55
Q

Useful for assessing the oral hygeine instruction needs of your patient:

A

Plaque score

56
Q

Aids in determining whether patient is a good candidate for surgical periodontal therapy:

A

Plaque score

57
Q

Gives clinicians an indicator for why caries control & periodontal conditions are at their current level (good or bad):

A

plaque score

58
Q

Helpful in identifying active gingival diseases (i.e., gingivitis or periodontitis):

A

bleeding index

Patient Care III (19 decks)

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