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Patient Care III > Etiology of Periodontal diseases > Flashcards

Etiology of Periodontal diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the color of healthy gingiva:

A

Coral pink in color

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2
Q

What might we see associated with the gingiva of individuals with darker skin tones?

A

Pigmentation

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3
Q

Healthy gingiva is free from:

A

Inflammation & edema

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4
Q

Healthy gingiva can be described as:

A

Firm and resilient

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5
Q

How should the interdental papilla appear in the gingiva of healthy individuals?

A

Peaked and pointed

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6
Q

Describe the surface texture of healthy gingiva:

A

Stippled surface texture

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7
Q

Should you see bleeding upon probing in an individual with healthy gingiva?

A

No

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8
Q

Gingival health is consistent with:

A

Good oral hygeine

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9
Q

How is gingival health achieved? (3)

A
  1. plaque free tooth surfaces (i.e., brushing, flossing properly)
  2. healthy diet
  3. regular dental visits
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10
Q

Lingering biofilm on a clean tooth results in:

A

Inflammatory process

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11
Q

______ persists as long as biofilm is present around gingival tissues

A

local inflammation

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12
Q

Inflammation only resolves:

A

after removal of biofilm

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13
Q

Inflammation of the gingival tissues:

A

gingivitis

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14
Q

Prevalence of gingivitis in the adult population:

A

affects 82%

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15
Q

Is gingivitis reversible?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What is the primary etiologic factor of gingivitis?

A

Plaque

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17
Q

Gingivitis is characterized by: (4)

A
  1. inflammation of gingival margins and interdental papilla
  2. redness
  3. bleeding on probing
  4. NO attachment loss
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18
Q

The most common form of gingival disease:

A

dental plaque-induced gingival diseases

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19
Q

Dental plaque-induced gingival diseases may occur without _____ or on a ______

A

attachment loss; reduced periodontium

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20
Q

In dental plaque-induced gingival diseases, the inflammatory lesion is:

A

Within the gingiva

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21
Q

Dental plaque-induced gingival diseases, are NOT associated with:

A

Progressive attachment loss

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22
Q

Gingivitis associated with dental plaque only is the result of:

A

Microbial challenge between bacteria in plaque biofilm and host response

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23
Q

Cessation of oral hygiene leads to gingivitis within:

A

2-3 weeks in healthy adults

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24
Q

Gingivitis associated with dental plaque only is histologically characterized by: (4)

A
  1. dense infiltrate of lymphocytes
  2. mononuclear cells fibroblast alterations
  3. increased vascular permeability
  4. continuing loss of collagen (in response to the microbial challenge)
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25
Q

Plaque is the _____ factor for gingivitis

A

Primary etiologic

26
Q

With gingivitis associated with dental plaque only, severity/duration of inflammatory response can be altered by:

A

Modifying local or systemic factors

27
Q

Gingivitis associated with dental plaque is ______ in healthy persons

A

Fully reversible

28
Q

Gingivitis associated with dental plaque in healthy adults can be fully reversed once:

A
  1. Local factors are reduced
  2. microbial factors around teeth is reduced
29
Q

Gingivitis associated with dental plaque only occurs rapidly in cases of generalized or localized:

A

Inefficient plaque removal

30
Q

What is necessary to maintain gingival health?

A

Meticulous oral hygiene

31
Q

Gingival diseases are modified by: (3)

A
  1. Systemic factors
  2. Medications
  3. Malnutrition
32
Q

Gingival disease are modified by systemic factors including:

A
  1. endocrine changes
  2. systemic conditions on hosts cellular and immunologic functions
33
Q

Give examples of endocrine changes that can modify gingival disease:

A

-puberty
-menstrual cycle
-pregnancy
-diabetes

34
Q

Pregnancy gingivitis is primary caused by:

A

Hormonal imbalances associated with pregnancy

35
Q

Pregnancy gingivitis occurs in more than ____ % of pregnancies

A

30%

36
Q

Pregnancy gingivitis is characterized by:

A

mild to severe gingival inflammation, as well as pain

37
Q

In some cases of pregnancy gingivitis the patient may have significant ____ & ____

A

hyperplasia & bleeding

38
Q

In pregnancy gingivitis, we see an increase in _______/_____ bacteria- specifically:

A

aerobic/anaerobic bacteria; P. intermedia

39
Q

Discuss the resolution of pregnancy gingivitis:

A

Resolves itself after delivery

40
Q

Gingival disease may be modified by medications, for example ______ drugs may cause ______

A

Anticonvulsant drugs; gingival overgrowth

41
Q

Give examples of drugs that may modify the gingiva:

A
  1. Phenytoin
  2. Immunosuppressive drugs (Cyclosporine)
  3. Calcium channel blockers (Nifedipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem, Sodium valproate)
42
Q

Give examples of the following types of medications that may affect the gingiva:

  1. Immunosuppressive drugs=
  2. Calcium channel blockers=
A
  1. cyclosporine
  2. Nifedipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem, Sodium valproate
43
Q

Development of and severity of gingival disease caused by medications may be influenced by _____ as well as ______

A

uncontrolled plaque levels; elevated hormone levels

44
Q

Give an example of how malnutrition may modify the gingiva:

A

Vitamin C deficiency associated with bright red, swollen, bleeding gingiva

45
Q

Bright red, swollen, bleeding gingiva may be associated with _____ deficiency

A

Vitamin C

46
Q

Increased carbohydrate intake has implications on _____ and occurrence of _____

A

gingivitis; dental caries

47
Q

_____ compose majority of plaque matrix, making the plaque biofilm more difficult to remove

A

Polysaccharides

48
Q

What is the significance of polysaccharides being the main component of the plaque matrix?

A

Increased carb intake can lead to more/harder to remove plaque leading to gingivitis and dental caries

49
Q

What is more common, non-plaque-induced gingivitis or plaque-induced gingivitis?

A

Plaque-induced gingivitis

50
Q

The category “non-plaque-induced gingivitis” encompasses:

A
  1. Lesions of autoimmune or idiopathic etiology manifesting on the gingiva
  2. Gingival diseases of bacterial, viral, fungal, genetic, systemic, foreign body, or traumatic origins
51
Q

(non-plaque-induced gingivitis)

List some examples of lesions of autoimmune or idiopathic etiology manifesting on the gingiva:

A

-Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid associated with sighing gingival tissues

-Painful ulcerations of the gingiva

52
Q

What category of gingival disease would encompass lesions of autoimmune or idiopathic etiology manifesting on the gingiva?

A

Non-plaque-induced gingival diseases

53
Q

What category of gingival disease would encompass gingival disease of bacterial, viral, fungal, genetic, systemic, foreign body or traumatic origins?

A

Non-plaque-induced gingival diseases

54
Q

Gingivitis confined to the gingiva of a single tooth or group of teeth affecting <30% of remaining teeth:

A

Localized gingivitis

55
Q

Gingivitis involving more than 30% of remaining teeth:

A

generalized gingivitis

56
Q

Gingivitis involving the gingival margin:

A

marginal gingivitis

57
Q

Gingivitis involving the interdental papillae, often extending into adjacent portions of gingival margin:

A

papillary gingivitis

58
Q

The earliest sings of gingivitis often occur in the:

A

papillae

59
Q

Gingivitis affecting the gingival margin, attached gingiva and interdental papillae:

A

Diffuse gingivitis

60
Q

What type of gingivitis is seen in the following image?

A

Localized marginal gingivitis

61
Q

What type of gingivitis is seen in the following image?

A

Localized papillary gingivitis

Patient Care III (19 decks)

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