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Patient Care III > Etiology of Periodontal disease (Final review) > Flashcards

Etiology of Periodontal disease (Final review) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe healthy gingiva:

A

-firm & resistant
-coral pink
-scalloped gingival margin
-peaked/pointed interdental papilla
-stippled surface texture
-No BOP
-Consistent with good oral hygiene

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2
Q

Lingering biofilm on a healthy tooth results in:

A

inflammatory process

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3
Q

_____ persists as long as biofilm is present around gingival tissues

A

local inflammation

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4
Q

When does inflammation of gingiva caused by biofilm resolve?

A

AFTER removal of biofilm

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5
Q

Inflammation of the gingival tissues

A

gingivitis

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6
Q

Gingivitis affects more than ____% of the population

A

82%

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7
Q

Is gingivitis reversible?

A

yes

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8
Q

What is the PRIMARY etiologic factor of gingivitis?

A

Plaque

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9
Q

Characterized by:

-inflammation of the gingival margins & interdental papilla
-redness
-BOP
-NO attachment loss

A

Gingivitis

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10
Q

What is the most common form of gingival disease?

A

Dental plaque-induced gingival disease

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11
Q

Dental plaque-induces gingival diseases may occur:

A

without attachment loss or on a reduced periodontium

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12
Q

In dental plaque-induced gingival diseases the inflammatory lesion is:

A

within the gingiva

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13
Q

T/F: Dental plaque-induced gingival diseases are NOT associated with progressive attachment loss

A

True

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14
Q

Result of the microbial challenge between bacteria and plaque biofilm & host response:

A

Gingivitis associated with dental plaque only

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15
Q

Cessation of oral hygiene leads to gingivitis within _____ in healthy adults

A

2-3 weeks

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16
Q

Gingivitis associated with dental plaque only is histologically characterized by: (4)

A
  1. dense infiltrate of lymphocytes
  2. mononuclear cell fibroblasts alterations
  3. increased vascular permeability
  4. continuing loss of collagen in response to the microbial challenge
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17
Q
  1. dense infiltrate of lymphocytes
  2. mononuclear cell fibroblasts alterations
  3. increased vascular permeability
  4. continuing loss of collagen in response to the microbial challenge

the following are histological signs of:

A

Gingivitis associated with dental plaque only

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18
Q

What is the primary etiologic factor of gingivitis?

A

plaque

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19
Q

What can alter the severity/duration of the inflammatory response in gingivitis associated with dental plaque only?

A

modifying local or systemic factors

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20
Q

Gingivitis associated with dental plaque only is fully _____ in healthy persons once:

A

reversible; once local factors & microbial load around teeth are reduced

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21
Q

What are the systemic factors that may modify gingival health & disease?

A

Endocrine changes- puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, diabetes

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22
Q

Specifically what aspect of gingival health and disease are altered by systemic factors?

A

host’s cellular & immunmologic functions

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23
Q

What is pregnancy induced gingivitis caused by?

A

Primarily caused by hormonal imbalances associated with pregnancy

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24
Q

What percentage of pregnancies experience pregnancy gingivitis?

A

more than 30%

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25
Q

Describe pregnancy induced gingivitis:

A

Characterized by mild to severe gingival inflammation as well as pain; some cases may have significant hyperplasia & bleeding; resolves itself after deliver

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26
Q

What bacteria is responsible for pregnancy induced gingivitis?

A

P. intermedia

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27
Q

Gingival diseases may be modified by medications, give an example:

A

gingival overgrowth due to anticonvulsant drugs

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28
Q

List the anticonvulsant drugs that may cause gingival overgrowth:

A
  1. Phenytoin
  2. immunosuppressive drugs (Cyclosporine)
  3. Calcium channel blockers (Nifedipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem, Sodium Valproate)
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29
Q

Give an example of a gingival disease being modified by malnutrition:

A

Bright red, swollen, bleeding gingiva associated with vitamin C deficiency

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30
Q

T/F: non-plaque induced gingival disease are more common than plaque-induced

A

False- less common

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31
Q

What category of gingival diseases encompasses lesions of autoimmune or idiopathic etiology manifesting on the gingiva?

A

Non-plaque-induced gingival diseases

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32
Q

Benging mucous membrane pemphigoid associated with sloughing gingival tissues, & painful ulcerations of the gingiva is example of:

A

Non-plaque-induced gingival disease (Autoimmune/idiopathic etiology)

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33
Q

Gingival diseases of bacterial, viral, fungal, genetic, systemic, foreign body, or traumatic origins fall under what category of gingival disease?

A

Non-plaque-induced gingival diseases

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34
Q

Confined to the gingiva of a single tooth or group of teeth, affecting LESS THAN 30% of remaining teeth:

A

Localized gingivitis

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35
Q

Gingivitis that involves MORE THAN 30% of remaining teeth:

A

Generalized gingivitis

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36
Q

Gingivitis that involves the gingival margin:

A

Marginal gingivitis

37
Q

Gingivitis that involves interdental papillae, often extending into adjacent portion of the gingival margin:

A

Papillary gingivitis

38
Q

The earliest signs of gingivitis often occur:

A

In the the papillae

39
Q

Gingivitis that affects gingival margin, attached gingiva & internal papillae:

A

Diffuse gingivitis

40
Q

Two earliest signs of gingival inflammation that PRECEDE established gingivitis are:

A
  1. increased GCF
  2. increased bleeding from gingival sulcus upon gentle probing
41
Q

When one experiences BOP where is the bleeding coming from?

A

junctional epithelium in the gingival sulcus

42
Q

BOP is easily detectible/valuble for:

A

early diagnosis & prevention of advanced gingivitis

43
Q

T/F: BOP appears earlier than change in color or other visual signs of inflammation

44
Q

What does BOP indicate?

A

inflammatory lesion in the epithelium of connective tissue

45
Q

What type of sign is BOP for the examiner?

46
Q

T/F: Absence of BOP is desirable as it implies low risk of attachment loss

47
Q

What is BOP used to measure (on patients end):

48
Q

What is a situation where someone might have suppression of the gingival inflammatory response affecting BOP?

A

Cig smoker

49
Q

What types of medications increase bleeding tendencies of gingival tissues?

A
  1. antiplatelet medication (aspirin)
  2. anticoagulants (Warfarin, Eliquis)
50
Q

What effects would aspirin, warfarin or eliquis have on the gingival tissues?

A

Increased bleeding tendencies

51
Q

Gingivitis noted in the maxillary buccal area may be due to the patient:

A

mouth breathing

52
Q

Describe the gingiva of a mouth breather:

A

Gingivitis located in maxillary buccal area- characterized by red, shiny, edematous

53
Q

Increase in the number of cells in a tissue, resulting in increased tissue volume:

A

hyperplasia (more cells come to play)

54
Q

Increase in tissue size and volume resulting from increased cell size:

A

Hypertrophy (bodybuilder wants a big trophy)

55
Q

Pathologic process in which disrupted wound healing is associated with defective cell proliferation:

56
Q

Inflammatory response affecting only the gingiva:

A

gingivitis

57
Q

Follows gingivitis:

A

peridontitis

58
Q

Not reversible:

A

periodontitis

59
Q

Occurs because of biofilm (plaque) accumulation that is not removed:

A

gingivitis

60
Q

Reversible:

A

gingivitis

61
Q

Precedes periodontitis but does not always progress to periodontitis:

A

gingivitis

62
Q

Inflammatory process extends to affect the PDL and alveolar bone resulting in clinical attachment loss:

A

Periodontitis

63
Q

Can be stabilized and maintained with gingival health on reduced peridontium

A

Periodontitis

64
Q

Chronic inflammation of the gingival tissues resulting in breakdown of surrounding periodontal tissues:

A

periodontitis

65
Q

Periodontitis can be described as: (two terms)

A

Complex & multifactorial

66
Q

Periodontitis is initiated by ____ of biofilm and _____ by the host response

A

Dysbiosis; modulated

67
Q

What is periodontitis characterized by?

A
  1. bone loss
  2. apical migration of the JE
68
Q

Clinically healthy gingival tissues; develops within 2-4 days of plaque accumulation:

A

initial lesion

69
Q

What is the timeline of an initial lesion forming?

70
Q

Early gingivitis that is clinically evident. Develops approximately 1-2 weeks of continued plaque accumulation:

A

early lesion

71
Q

What is the timeline of an early lesion forming?

A

1-2 weeks of continued plaque accumulation

72
Q

In what stage is early gingivitis clinically evident?

A

early lesion

73
Q

Describe the gingival tissues in an initial lesion:

A

clinically healthy

74
Q

Established chronic gingivitis. Progression to this stage is dependent on many factors:

A

established lesion

75
Q

In what stage is chronic gingivitis present?

A

established lesion

76
Q

Transition from gingivitis to periodontitis. Progression to this stage is dependent on many factors:

A

Advanced lesion

77
Q

Features of the JE:

  1. acts as a ___ against plaque bacteria
  2. ____ in nature
  3. attached to the tooth by _____ and to connective tissue by ____
  4. exhibits _____ to cells, gingival fluid and host defense molecules
  5. ___ rate of cellular proliferation and turnover
A
  1. physical barrier
  2. stratified squamous nonkeratinized
  3. internal basal lamina; external basal lamina
  4. higher permeability
  5. high
78
Q

Pocket caused by bone loss associated with apical migration of the JE:

A

Periodontal pocket (true pocket)

79
Q

When the bottom of a periodontal pocket it coronal to the crest of the alveolar bone:

80
Q

When the bottom of a periodontal pocket is apical to the crest of the alveolar bone:

81
Q

Pseudopockets are ALWAYS _____

82
Q

Complete periodontal assessment requires:

A
  1. description of the clinical appearance of the soft tissues
  2. probing depths
  3. plaque & bleeding index
  4. recession/CAL
  5. radiographs
83
Q

Primary etiology of periodontal disease:

A

plaque in a susceptible host

84
Q

Secondary etiology of periodontal disease:

A

local/environmental factors

85
Q

-calculus
-carious lesions
-food impaction
-furcations
-malpositioned teeth
-occlusal trauma
-orthodontics
-overhangs
-poor crown margins

These are all:

A

Local contributing factors to periodontitis

CCFFMOOOP

86
Q

-age
-cardiovascular disease
-diabtetes
-genetics
-immuno-compromised
-medications
-nutritional deficiencies
-obesity
-smoking
-stress

A

Systemic factors to periodontal disease

87
Q

Primary bacteria associate with periodontitis: (5)

A
  1. Aggregatibacter actinomysetecomitan (Aa)
  2. P. gingivalis
  3. P. intermedia
  4. T. forsythia
  5. T. denticola

Patient Care III (19 decks)

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