support and tissue systems Flashcards
What are the 3 types of tissues in plants and where do you find them?
- vascular tissue -> inner circulatory system “veins”
- dermal tissue -> outside layers of plant “skin”
- ground tissue -> inner “flesh”
what is the overall function of vascular tissue, what are the types of vascular tissues, and what are their functions?
overall function of vascular tissue:
- support
- transport
- growth
1. Xylem -> transports water and minerals upwards towards parenchyma - dead at maturity
- contains lignin
2. Phloem -> found usually in leaves, transports sugar downwards to rest of plant - live at functional maturity
- sieve tubes with plates
- these cells do not contain organelles and therefore have companion cells to keep them alive
what is the overall function of ground tissue, and what are the types of ground tissue and what are their function?
overall function: -metabolism -support - growth 1. parenchyma -> living tissue -thin cell walls -contains chloroplast synthesizes and stores sugar -repair and replacement tissue in plant 2. collenchyma -> living tissue -uneven thicker walls for flexibility -elongates as plant grows -support for young shoots without restricting growth 3. sclerenchyma -> dead tissue -support of plant -thick secondary tissue
what is the overall function of dermal tissue, and what are the types of dermal tissues and what are their function?
overall function:
- water retention
- to protect from disease and herbivory
- contains toxic compounds
1. epidermis -> outer layer in non-woody plants - covered in waxy cuticle
2. periderm ->outer layer in woody plants
compare the vascular tissue in the 2 types of angiosperms.
monocots: no vascular cambiums vascular tissue bundles scattered ground tissue eudicots: vascular cambiums vascular tissue in ring pith inside, cortex outside
what are the 2 types of xylem veins called? what the difference?
Tracheids -> are smaller, web like
vessels -> are larger
what are meristems?
perpetually embryonic tissue that allow for growth throughout the plant life
where are apical meristems located? what is their function? what kind of growth is this for?
located at the tips of roots and shoots (also Axillary bud meristems)
- their function is to elongate shoots and roots
- this is primary (taller/longer) growth
what are lateral meristems for? what kind of growth is this? what are the 2 types of lateral meristems, what is their function?
- add thickness to woody plants
- secondary growth - wider
1. Vascular cambium – adds layers of vascular tissue
2. Cork cambium – replaces the epidermis with periderm
where is vascular cambium located? how thick is it?
Located between xylem and phloem
-one cell layer thick
what is the pith?
- pith is located in the center of eudicot stems
- made of parenchyma (ground tissue) cells
what is the cortex?
- outermost layer of cells of eudicot cells - only epidermis cells beyond them
- ground tissue - mostly made of parenchyma cells
