Superficial Face and Scalp

Question 1

Layers of the scalp

Answer 1

Skin
CT
Aponeurosis
Loose CT
Pericranium

Question 2

Gaping wounds vs non-gaping wounds

Answer 2

Gaping involves aponeurosis?

Question 3

Parotid gland and duct- associated arteries/nerves/muscles

Answer 3

Parotid sits on masseter muscle
Great auricular nerve is cutaneous
Facial nerve travels deep to parotid and branches into 5 nerves
Facial artery/vein starts deep to gland in inferior portion and travels medially
Transverse facial artery/vein begin superior to gland and travel medially
Maxillary artery and vein are deep to gland and mandible

Question 4

Facial artery origin, course, distribution OCD

Answer 4

O- external carotid artery
C- ascends deep to submandibular, winds around inferior border of mandible and enters face
D- Muscles of facial expression and face

Question 5

Inferior labial artery OCD

Answer 5

O- facial artery near angle of mouth
C- runs medially in lower lip
D- lower lip

Question 6

Superior labial artery OCD

Answer 6

O- facial artery near angle of mouth
C- runs medially in upper lip
D- upper lip and side and septum of nose

Question 7

Lateral nasal artery OCD

Answer 7

O- facial artery as it ascends alongside nose
C- passes to ala/side of nose
D- skin on ala and dorsum of nose

Question 8

Angular artery OCD

Answer 8

O- terminal branch of facial artery
C- passes to medial angle of eye
D- superior part of cheek and inferior eyelid

Question 9

Occipital artery OCD

Answer 9

O- external carotid
C- passes medial to posterior belly of digastric and mastoid process, accompanies occipital nerve in occipital region
D- scalp of back of head

Question 10

Posterior auricular artery OCD

Answer 10

O- external carotid artery
C- passes posteriorly, deep to parotid gland, along styloid process between mastoid process and ear
D- auricle of ear and scalp posterior to auricle

Question 11

Superficial temporal artery OCD

Answer 11

O- smaller terminal branch of external carotid
C- ascends anterior to ear to region and ends in scalp
D- facial muscles and skin of temporal frontal and temporal regions

Question 12

Transverse facial artery OCD

Answer 12

O- superficial temporal artery within parotid gland
C- Crosses face superficial to masseter and inferior to zygomatic arch
D- parotid gland and duct, muscles and skin of face

Question 13

Mental artery OCD

Answer 13

O- terminal branch of inferior alveolar artery
C- emerges from mental foramen and passes to chin
D- facial muscles of skin of chin

Question 14

Supra-orbital artery OCD

Answer 14

O- terminal branch of ophthalmic artery
C- passes superiorly from supraorbital foramen
D- muscles and skin of forehead and scalp and superior conjunctiva

Question 15

Supratrochlear artery OCD

Answer 15

O-terminal branch of ophthalmic artery
C- Passes superiorly from supratrochlear notch
D- muscles and skin of forehead and scalp and superior conjunctiva

Question 16

Risorius function

Answer 16

Pulls corners of mouth laterally - closed mouth smile

Question 17

Occipitofrontalis function

Answer 17

Raises eyebrows towards scalp

Question 18

Corrugator supercili function

Answer 18

Pulls eyebrows together- makes a “Huh?” face

Question 19

Procerus function

Answer 19

Pulls eyebrows downwards, helps flare nostrils

Question 20

Nasalis alar and transverse portions

Answer 20

Alar- Compresses nasal cartilage

Transverse- flares nostrils

Question 21

Orbicularis oculi

Answer 21

Closes eye

Question 22

Buccinator function/innervation

Answer 22

One of first muscles humans can use, necessary for breast feeding/sucking. Aids in chewing
Facial nerve

Question 23

Orbicularis oris

Answer 23

Puckers lips

Question 24

Zygomaticus major/minor

Answer 24

Major- draws angle of mouth superolaterally

Minor- elevates upper lip

Question 25

Masseter function/innervation

Answer 25

Elevate and protrude mandible

Mandibular nerve via masseteric N.

Question 26

Temporalis function/innervation

Answer 26

Elevate mandible, posterior fibers retrude

Deep temporal branches of mandibular N

Question 27

Lateral/medial pterygoid function/innervation

Answer 27

Lateral- protrude mandible, depress chin when used bilaterally. Side to side movement unilaterally
Lateral pterygoid nerve
Medial- elevate and assist in protruding when working bilaterally. Protrude side of mandible and produce grinding motion unilaterally
Medial pterygoid nerve

Question 28

Levator palpebrae superioris function/innervation

Answer 28

Elevate upper eyelid

Oculomotor nerve

Question 29

Superior oblique function/innervation

Answer 29

Abduct, depress and medially rotate eyeball

Trochlear nerve

Question 30

Superior rectus function/innervation

Answer 30

Elevate, adduct and medially rotate

Oculomotor

Question 31

Lateral rectus function/innervation

Answer 31

Abduct eyeball

Abducent nerve

Question 32

Medial rectus function/innervation

Answer 32

Adduct eyeball

Oculomotor

Question 33

Inferior rectus function/innervation

Answer 33

Depress, adduct and laterally rotate

Oculomotor

Question 34

Inferior oblique function/innervation

Answer 34

Abduct, elevate and laterally rotate

Oculomotor

Question 35

Palatopharyngeus
Musculus uvulae
Levator veli palatini innervation

Answer 35

Pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve

Question 36

Tensor veli palatini function/innervation

Answer 36

Tense soft palate, open mouth of auditory tube

Medial pterygoid

Question 37

Palatoglossus function/innervation

Answer 37

Elevate posterior portion of tongue and draw soft palate towards tongue
Pharyngeal branch of vagus
Only tongue muscle not innervated by hypoglossal n.

Question 38

Tensor tympani innervation

Answer 38

Medial pterygoid nerve