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COM Neuroendocrine > Cranial Nerves and Autonomics > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves and Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

List the cranial nerves in order, and the foramen or passage they pass through if relevant

A 
Olfactory- cribriform plate
Optic- optic canal
Oculomotor- superior orbital fissure
Trochlear- superior orbital fissure
Trigeminal- superior orbital fissure
Abducens- superior orbital fissure
Facial- internal acoustic meatus
Vestibulocochlear- internal acoustic meatus
Glossopharyngeal- jugular foramen
Vagus- jugular foramen
Accessory- jugular foramen
Hypoglossal- hypoglossal canal
Oh once one takes the anatomy final very good vacations are heavenly
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2
Q

List the different divisions of the trigeminal nerve and the foramen they pass through

A

Opthalmic division- superior orbital fissure
Maxillary division- foramen rotundum
Mandibular division- foramen ovale

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3
Q

Structures derived from first (mandibular) pharyngeal arch

A 
Trigeminal nerve
Muscles of mastication
Mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
Tensor tympani
Malleus/incus
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4
Q

Structures derived from second (hyoid) pharyngeal arch

A 
Facial nerve
Muscles of facial expression
Stapedius
Stylohyoid
Posterior belly of digastric
Stapes
Lesser cornu and upper part of body of hyoid
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5
Q

Structures derived from the third pharyngeal arch

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Stylopharyngeus
Greater cornu and lower part of body of hyoid

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6
Q

Structures derived from fourth and sixth pharyngeal arch

A

Superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve
Cricothyroid
Levator veli palatine
Constrictors and intrinsic muscles of pharynx
Striated muscles of esophagus
Thyroid/cricoid/arytenoid cartilages and other cartilages

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7
Q

All sympathetic fibers are

A

Postganglionic fibers arising from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk
They travel on vessels to the structures that they innervate

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8
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers in the head arise from and synapse

A

Nuclei in the brain stem and synapse at 4 ganglia in the head
Ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic and submandibular

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9
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the head are carried by which cranial nerves

A

VII facial
IX glossopharyngeal
X vagus

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10
Q

Postganglionic fibers piggy back on which nerve

A

A branch of the trigeminal nerve

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11
Q

Oculomotor nerve innervates

A

4 extrinsic eye muscles, levator palpebrae superioris (elevates eyelid)
Pupil constrictor muscle
Contracts ciliary muscle to help with near sight

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12
Q

Trochlear nerve innervates and what happens if damaged

A

Superior oblique eye muscle
Diplopia
Affected eye is higher and deviated medially

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13
Q

Trigeminal nerve innervates (sensory)

A 
Anterior scalp
Nasal cavity
Entire face
Most of oral cavity, teeth
Anterior 2/3 tongue
Part of auricle
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14
Q

Trigeminal nerve innervates which muscles

A 
Mastication muscles
Mylohyoid
Anterior belly of digastric
Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palatini
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15
Q

Abducens nerve innervates and what happens if injured

A

Lateral rectus eye muscle
Diplopia
Adducted eye
-May develop in association with meningitis and subarachnoid hemmorhage

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16
Q

Facial nerve innervates

A 
Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue
Muscles of facial expression
Posterior belly of digastric
Stylohyoid
Stapedius
Lacrimal gland, submandibular/sublingual glands
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17
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve innervates

A

Responsible for hearing/equilibrium

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18
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve innervates

A

Touch and taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue, visceral sensory to carotid bodies
Stylopharyngeus
Parotid salivary gland

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19
Q

Vagus nerve innervates (sensory)

A

Visceral sensory afferent from pharynx, larynx, carotid bodies, heart, lungs, most abdominal organs
General sensory afferent from EAC, external eardrum, pharynx, larynx, posterior meninges and posterior ear

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20
Q

Vagus nerve innervates (muscle, parasympathetic motor)

A

SME-Most pharyngeal muscles, laryngeal muscles, palatoglossus
VE-Smooth muscle and glands of heart, lungs, larynx, pharynx and most abdominal organs

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21
Q

Accessory nerve innervates

A

Trapezius

Sternocleidomastoid

22
Q

Hypoglossal nerve innervates

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles

23
Q

What is the only nervous tissue known to regenerate

A

Olfactory

24
Q

Optic tracts travel to which nucleus in the brain

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus, and then to occipital lobe

25
Q

Complete lesion of right optic nerve

A

Blindness of right eye

26
Q

Right perichiasmal area lesion

A

Right nasal hemianopia (blindness in the medial half of right eye field of vision)

27
Q

Midline chiasmal lesion

A

Bipolar hemianopia (blindness in lateral half of field of vision of both eyes)

28
Q

Lesion or pressure on right optic tract

A

Left homonymous hemianopia (blindness in left side of field of vision bilaterally)

29
Q

Lower right optic radiations lesion

A

Left homonymous inferior quadrantanopia (blindness in inferior left quadrant of field of vision bilaterally)

30
Q

Upper right optic radiations lesion

A

Left homonymous superior quadrantanopia (blindness in superior left quadrant of field of vision bilaterally)

31
Q

Right occipital lobe lesion

A

Left homonymous hemianopia (blindness in left side of field of vision bilaterally)

32
Q

Origin and path of oculomotor nerve

A 
Edinger westphal (VE) and oculomotor nuclei (SE) in mesencephalon
Parasympathetic fibers travel to ciliary ganglion (only nerve synapsing here) and postganglionic fibers then travel to iris and ciliary muscle
33
Q

Origin of trochlear nerve

A

Trochlear nucleus

34
Q

Origin of abducens nerve

A

Pontine (abducens) nucleus

35
Q

Right oculomotor nerve palsy

A

Causes right eye to gaze downward and outward, dilated pupil, eyelid needs to be manually elevated due to ptosis
Diplopia
Pupil dilation- Mydriasis

36
Q

Left abducent nerve palsy

A

Left eye will not abduct

37
Q

Origin of trigeminal nerve

A

Pons

38
Q

Origin of facial nerve and where do fibers synapse

A

Pontine trigeminal nucleus (GSA)
Nucleus solitaries (SSA)
Motor nucleus of facial nerve (SME)
Superior salivatory nucleus (VE)
GSA and SSA fibers synapse at the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve
VE fibers synapse at pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglion

39
Q

Visceral parasympathetic motor to submandibular and sublingual glands

A

Chorda tympani branch arises from facial nerve just superior to stylomastoid foramen
Chorda tympani crosses tympanic cavity medial to malleus
Chorda tympani passes through petrotympanic fissure to join the lingual nerve from CN V3 in infratemporal fossa
Parasympathetic fibers of chorda tympani synapse in submandibular ganglion, postsynaptic fibers follow arteries to glands

40
Q

Visceral/parasympathetic motor to lacrimal gland

A

Greater petrosal nerve arises from facial nerve at geniculate ganglion and emerges from superior surface of petrous temporal bone to enter middle cranial fossa
Greater petrosal nerve joins deep petrosal nerve at foramen lacerum to form nerve of pterygoid canal
Nerve of pterygoid canal travels through pterygoid canal and enters pterygopalatine fossa
Parasympathetic fibers from nerve of pterygoid canal in pterygopalatine fossa synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion
Postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers from this ganglion innervate lacrimal gland via zygomatic branch of CN V2 and lacrimal nerve (branch of CN V1)

41
Q

Pathway of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Sensory cell bodies of vestibular branch are in vestibular ganglion
Sensory cell bodies of cochlear branch are in spiral ganglion
These branches merge, and together enter cranial cavity through internal auditory canal and travel to junction of pons and medulla oblongata

42
Q

Where do motor fibers of glossopharyngeal nerve originate

A

Medulla oblongata

43
Q

Pathway of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Sensory fibers travel from posterior 1/3 of tongue and carotid bodies along nerve through the inferior or superior ganglion into the jugular foramen and then to pons
Somatic motor fibers leave cranium via jugular foramen and travel to stylopharyngeus

44
Q

Visceral/parasympathetic motor to parotid gland

A

Tympanic nerve arises from glossopharyngeal nerve
Tympanic nerve enters tympanic plexus, which gives rise to the lesser petrosal nerve
Lesser petrosal nerve enters cranial vault and then exits via foramen ovale
Parasympathetic fibers synapse in otic ganglion, postsynaptic fibers pass to parotid gland via branches of auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3)

45
Q

Origin and pathway of vagus nerve

A

Motor nuclei in medulla oblongata
Leaves cranium via jugular foramen before traveling and branching extensively in neck, thorax and abdomen; sensory neuron cell bodies are located in superior and inferior ganglia associated with the nerve

46
Q

Spinal accessory nerve origin and pathway

A

Cranial root- motor nuclei in medulla oblongata
Spinal root- motor nuclei in spinal cord
Spinal root travels superiorly to enter skull through foramen magnum, there, cranial and spinal roots merge and leave skull via jugular foramen. Then cranial root splits to travel with vagus nerve and spinal root travels to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

47
Q

Hypoglossal nerve origin and pathway

A

Hypoglossal nucleus in medulla oblongata

Leaves cranium via hypoglossal canal; travels inferior to mandible and to inferior surface of tongue

48
Q

Branches of ophthalmic (V1) section of trigeminal nerve

A

Lacrimal
Frontal
Nasociliary
Meningeal (from tentorium cerebelli)

49
Q

Branches of maxillary V2 section of trigeminal nerve

A 
Zygomatic
Infraorbital
Superior alveolar
Nasociliary
Palatine
Meningeal
50
Q

Branches of mandibular V3 section of trigeminal nerve- sensory

A 
Buccal
Lingual
Inferior alveolar
Auriculotemporal
Meningeal (spinous)
51
Q

Branches of mandibular V3 section of trigeminal nerve- motor

A 
Medial pterygoid- tensor veli palatini, tensory tympani
Lateral pterygoid
Masseteric
Mylohyoid
-nerve to mylohyoid
-nerve to anterior belly of digastric

COM Neuroendocrine (46 decks)

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