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COM Neuroendocrine > Pterygopalatine Fossa and Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Pterygopalatine Fossa and Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Roof of nasal cavity

A

Frontal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone

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2
Q

Floor of nasal cavity

A

Palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bone

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3
Q

Medial wall of nasal cavity

A

Nasal septum (perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer, septal cartilage, nasal crests of maxillary and palatine bones)

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4
Q

Lateral wall of nasal cavity

A

Superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae

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5
Q

Spheno-ethmoidal recess

A

Most superior, opening of sphenoid sinus

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6
Q

Superior nasal meatus

A

Opening of posterior ethmoidal sinuses

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7
Q

Middle nasal meatus

A

Opening of frontal sinus
Anterior and middle ethmoid sinus drain here
Maxillary sinus also opens into middle nasal meatus in posterior part of semilunar hiatus at the maxillary ostium (below ethmoid bulla)

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8
Q

Inferior nasal meatus

A

Opening of nasolacrimal duct

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9
Q

Arteries supplying the lateral and medial walls of the nasal cavity

A 
Supplied via branches of the maxillary artery:
Sphenopalatine artery
Anterior/posterior ethmoidal arteries
Greater palatine artery
Also from branches of facial artery:
Superior labial artery
Lateral nasal branches
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10
Q

Venous drainage from lateral and medial walls of nasal cavity

A

Venous drainage to sphenopalatine, facial and ophthalmic veins

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11
Q

Kiesselbach area

A

Where all 5 arteries come together in a capillary bed

Most likely spot to bleed profusely

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12
Q

Maxillary sinus

A

Largest sinus
Drains via the maxillary ostium into middle meatus
Arterial supply- superior alveolar branches of maxillary artery and greater palatine artery
Innervation- superior alveolar nerve branches

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13
Q

Ethmoid sinus

A

Contains ethmoid air cells
Anterior and middle ethmoidal cells drain into middle meatus
Posterior ethmoidal cells drain into superior meatus
Arterial supply- ethmoidal artery (from ophthalmic)
Innervation- nasociliary nerves (CN V1)

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14
Q

Sphenoid sinus

A

Unevenly divided by bony part of nasal septum
Drains via spheno-ethmoidal recess
Arterial supply- posterior ethmoidal artery
Innervation- posterior ethmoidal nerve

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15
Q

Frontal sinus

A

Between outer and inner tables of frontal bone, posterior to superciliary arches
Drains via frontonasal duct into semilunar hiatus of middle meatus
Arterial supply- supraorbital and anterior ethmoidal arteries
Innervation- Supraorbital nerves (CN V1)

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16
Q

Anterior, posterior and medial boarders of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Fossa is a small pyramid shaped space found inferior to apex of the orbit
Anterior- maxillary tuberosity
Posterior- pterygoid process of sphenoid
Medial- perpendicular plate of palatine bone

17
Q

Lateral border, roof and floor of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Lateral- opens into infratemporal fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure
Roof- greater wing of sphenoid
Floor- pyramidal process of palatine bone

18
Q

Superior and inferior openings of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Superior- opens into inferior orbital fissure

Inferior- closed except for palatine foramen

19
Q

Maxillary nerve

A

Somatic sensory only
Passes through foramen rotundum
Supplies dura mater of anterior part of middle cranial fossa, conjunctiva/skin of inferior eyelid, mucosa of posteroinferior nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, palate and anterior part of superior oral vestibule, maxillary teeth, skin of lateral external nose, anterior cheek and upper lip

20
Q

Mandibular nerve

A

Somatic sensory and somatic branchial motor
Passes through foramen ovale
Motor innervation to muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini

21
Q

Mandibular nerve sensory innervation

A

Mucosa of anterior 2/3rds of tongue, floor of mouth, posterior and anterior inferior oral vestibule, mandibular teeth, lower lip; buccal, parotid and temporal regions of face, and external ear including TM

22
Q

Contents of pterygopalatine fossa

A

Maxillary nerve
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Third part of maxillary artery

23
Q

Inferior orbital fissure transmits what nerves and vessels

A

Infraorbital nerve, zygomatic nerve, orbital branches from CN V2
Infraorbital artery/vein
Inferior ophthalmic vein

24
Q

Pterygoid canal transmits what nerves and vessels

A

Nerve of pterygoid canal (greater and deep petrosal nerve)

Artery/vein of pterygoid canal

25
Q

Greater palatine canal transmits what nerves and vessels

A

Greater palatine nerve

Descending and greater palatine arteries

26
Q

Lesser palatine canal transmits what nerves and vessels

A

Lesser palatine nerve

Lesser palatine artery (terminal branch of descending palatine artery)

27
Q

Sphenopalatine foramen transmits what nerves and vessels

A

Medial and lateral superior and posterior inferior nasal branches (from nasopalatine nerve, CN V2)
Sphenopalatine artery/vein

28
Q

Maxillary nerve gives off what branches within the pterygopalatine fossa

A

Zygomatic nerve- zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal (ZMT has communicating branch conveying parasympathetic fibers to lacrimal nerve) branches
Pterygopalatine nerves

29
Q

Parasympathetic fibers to pterygopalatine ganglion

A

Come from the facial nerve via the greater petrosal nerve

Greater petrosal nerve joins the deep petrosal nerve to from the nerve of the pterygoid canal

30
Q

Sympathetic supply to the pterygopalatine ganglion

A

Supplied by the deep petrosal nerve (postsynaptic) from the internal carotid plexus and the superior cervical ganglion (presynaptic)
Deep petrosal nerve conveys postsynaptic sympathetic fibers which join branches of the maxillary nerve via the pterygopalatine ganglion
Presynaptic fibers are from the superior cervical ganglion

31
Q

List all nerves of the pterygopalatine fossa/pterygopalatine ganglion

A

Infraorbital
Zygomatic
Orbital branches V2
Maxillary nerve V2
Nerve of pterygopalatine canal (greater and deep petrosal nerves)
Greater/lesser palatine
Medial and lateral superior and posterior inferior nasal branches from nasopalatine nerve V2

32
Q

Branches of mandibular portion of maxillary artery

A

Inferior alveolar- enters mandibular foramen, supplies mandible, lower teeth, chin, mylohyoid
Anterior tympanic-internal TM
Deep auricular- EAC, external TM, TMJ
Middle meningeal- enters cranium via foramen spinosum, supplies trigeminal ganglion, facial nerve, geniculate ganglion, tympanic cavity and tensor tympani
Accessory meningeal- enters cranium via foramen ovale, supplies otic ganglion and sphenoid bone

33
Q

Branches of pterygoid part of maxillary artery

A

Masseteric
Deep temporal
Pterygoid branches
Buccal

34
Q

Branches of pterygopalatine part of maxillary artery

A

Descending palatine (greater/lesser palatine arteries)
Posterosuperior alveolar- supplies upper teeth and maxillary sinus
Infraorbital- traverses inferior orbital fissure, supplies inferior oblique/rectus, infraorbital region of face
Artery of pterygoid canal- mucosa of upper pharynx and eustachian tube
Sphenopalatine (lateral posterior nasal artery and posterior septal branches)- supplies all sinuses and septum

35
Q

All arteries for pterygopalatine fossa arise from which main artery

A

Maxillary artery

36
Q

Superficial temporal artery runs close to

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

37
Q

Branches of internal carotid

A

Ophthalmic
Anterior cerebral
Middle cerebral

38
Q

Path of internal carotid

A

Enters cranial cavity through petrous temporal bone via carotid canal
Courses anteriorly through cavernous sinuses
Runs in carotid groove

COM Neuroendocrine (46 decks)

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