Dural Venous Sinuses

Question 1

Dura mater

Answer 1

Two layers, periosteal and then meningeal deep layer

These layers are fused except in specific areas where they separate to form large blood filled dural venous sinuses

Question 2

Arachnoid

Answer 2

Delicate web of collagen and elastic fibers forming arachnoid trabeculae

Question 3

Cranial dural septa

Answer 3

Meningeal layer of dura mater extends as flat partitions deep into the cranial cavity at four locations
Falx cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
Falx cerebelli
Diaphragma sellae
Dural venous sinuses form within these septa:
Superior/inferior sagittal sinuses
Straight sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Transverse sinus

Question 4

Blood supply to meninges

Answer 4

External carotid gives off maxillary which gives off middle meningeal artery
Middle meningeal artery transverses foramen spinosum and splits into anterior/frontal and parietal/posterior branches

Question 5

Superior sagittal sinus

Answer 5

Lies along superior margin of falx cerebri

Begins at crista galli and ends at occipital protuberance

Question 6

Inferior sagittal sinus

Answer 6

Lies along inferior margin of falx cerebri

Ends in straight sinus

Question 7

Straight sinus

Answer 7

Lies at intersection of falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli
Formed at intersection of inferior sagittal sinus with great cerebral vein
Joins confluence of sinuses

Question 8

Confluence of sinuses

Answer 8

Common confluence of superior sagittal, transverse and straight sinuses

Question 9

Transverse sinus

Answer 9

Begins at confluence of sinuses
Extends along edges of tentorium cerebelli
Right receives blood from superior sagittal sinus
Left (dominant) receives blood from straight sinus

Question 10

Sigmoid sinus

Answer 10

Continuations on either side of the straight sinus
S shaped
End at jugular foramina
Become internal jugular veins

Question 11

Cavernous sinus

Answer 11

Large venous plexus on each side of sella turcica

Question 12

Superior petrosal sinus

Answer 12

Run on either side from cavernous sinus to junction of transverse and sigmoid sinuses

Question 13

Inferior petrosal sinus

Answer 13

Run on either side from cavernous sinus to junction of sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein

Question 14

CSF flow chart

Answer 14

Choroid plexus
Ventricles
Through apertures
Into subarachnoid space
Through arachnoid villi
Into dural venous sinuses
Into internal jugular veins

Question 15

Cavernous sinus receives drainage from which veins

Answer 15

Superior and inferior ophthalmic veins
Superficial middle cerebral vein
Sphenoparietal sinus

Question 16

Arteries and nerves associated with the cavernous sinuses

Answer 16

Small branches of internal carotid artery
Carotid plexus of sympathetic nerves
Abducent nerve
Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
2 divisions of the trigeminal nerve

Question 17

Basilar plexus

Answer 17

Connects the inferior petrosal sinuses and communicates inferiorly with the internal venous plexus

Question 18

Emissary veins

Answer 18

Connect the dural sinuses with veins outside the cranium

Question 19

Middle meningeal veins drain into what

Answer 19

Pterygoid venous plexus

Question 20

Circle of willis

Answer 20

Intracranial parts of vertebral arteries unite to form basilar artery
Basilar artery forms posterior cerebral arteries which are connected to the middle cerebral arteries by the posterior communicating arteries
Internal carotid arteries form the middle and anterior cerebral arteries
Anterior cerebral arteries are connected by anterior communicating artery

Question 21

Epidermal hematoma caused by

Answer 21

Middle meningeal artery, shaped like a “lens” on imaging

Question 22

Subdural hematoma caused by

Answer 22

Bridging veins, shaped like a crescent on imaging

Question 23

Subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by

Answer 23

Cerebral arteries, has spiderweb appearance on imaging

Question 24

CSF description

Answer 24

Formed by the choroid plexus in each ventricle. Produced by secretion of a fluid from the ependymal cells that originate from the blood plasma
Has greater sodium, hydrogen, calcium and less potassium than plasma

Question 25

Probably need to look at this stuff more in the book .. shitty lecture material

Answer 25

k