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Anatomy > Superficial Face > Flashcards

Superficial Face Flashcards

0
Q

Innervation and function of orbicularis oris

A

. Innervated by the facial nerve (VII)

. Spincter of the mouth

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1
Q

Function and innervation of orbicularis oculi and its three parts?

A

. The orbicularis oculi is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII) and it closes the eyelids and assists in the flow of tears
. The orbital part tightly closes the eyes to protect them from glare and dust
. The palpebral part gently closes the eyes
. The lacrimal part aids in the drainage of tears

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2
Q

Innervation and function of occipitofrontalis

A

. Innervated by CN VII
. Retracts/protracts the scalp and elevates the eyebrows
. Two muscle bellies

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3
Q

Innervation and function of buccinator

A

. Innervated by CN VII
. Presses the cheek against the molars to keep the food in between the teeth. It is active during whistling, sucking, and blowing.

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4
Q

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) does what for the superficial face?

A

. Cutaneous sensory innervation

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5
Q

The facial nerve (CN VII) does what for the superficial face?

A

. Motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression

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6
Q

What does the mandibular nerve, V3, do for the DEEP face?

A

. Motor innervation to the muscles of mastication

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7
Q

Cutaneous branches of the cervical nerves do what?

A

. Extend over the ear and the posterior aspect of the neck and scalp
. They are from the cervical plexus

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8
Q

The great auricular nerve does what? What are the nerve roots?

A

. Inferior aspect of the auricle
. Much of the area overlying the angle of the mandible (or skin inferior to the inferior aspect of the mandible)
. C2-C3

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9
Q

What are the three components of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

A

. Opthalmic (V1)
. Maxillary (V2)
. Mandibular (V3)
* The mandibular branch is the only one that has motor fibers in addition to sensory fibers

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10
Q

What are the five major cutaneous branches of the opthalmic (V1) nerve and what are the functional components?

A 
. Supraorbital (SA)
. Supratrochlear (SA)
. Infratrochlear (SA)
. Lacrimal (SA)
. External nasal (SA)
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11
Q

What are the three major cutaneous branches and functional components of the maxillary (V2) nerve?

A

. Infraorbital (SA)
. Zygomaticofacial (SA)
. Zygomaticotemporal (SA) (inconstant…whatever that means)

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12
Q

What are the three major cutaneous branches and what are their functional components of the mandibular nerve (V3)?

A

. Auriculotemporal (SA, VE para/post, VA)
. Buccal (SA)
. Mental (SA)

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13
Q

The motor root of the facial nerve contains what functional components and does what?

A

. Branchiomotor (BM)
. Somatosensory (SA)
. These fibers exit through the stylomastoid foramen
. Innervates the auricular (posterior auricular nerve is given off before the CN VII enters the parotid gland), mimetic, posterior belly of digastric, and stylohyoid

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14
Q

The parotid plexus consists of what 5 anterior terminal branches?

A 
. Temporal
. Zygomatic
. Buccal
. Mandibular
. Cervical
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15
Q

Most arteries that supply the face are branches of what?

A

External carotid

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16
Q

What is the major artery that supplies the face and what are its branches? Where does this artery branch from?

A

. Facial artery
. It runs medial to the masseter up to the canthus (medial angle) of the eye
. Its branches are the inferior labial (lower lip), superior labial (upper lip), lateral nasal (side of nose), and angular artery (termination of facial artery)
. It is a branch off of the external carotid artery

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17
Q

What branch does the superficial temporal artery give off and what does it supply?

A

. The superficial temporal artery is the terminal branch of the external carotid artery
. The superficial temporal artery gives off the transverse facial artery
. These arteries supply the temporal region, parotid gland, and skin of the face
. They will anastomose with the facial artery

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18
Q

Where do the arteries of the SCALP run?

A

Connective tissue layer, which limits their ability to constrict

19
Q

What external carotid artery branches contribute to the arteries of the scalp?

A

. Occipital
. Posterior auricular
. Superficial temporal

20
Q

What branches off of the internal carotid artery contribute to the arteries of the scalp?

A

. Supraorbital artery
. Supratrochlear artery

“these two branches are originally from the opthalmic artery”

21
Q

What provides the primary drainage of the face? Describe its course.

A

. Facial vein
. It begins as the angular vein, receives blood from the deep facial vein (which drains the pterygoid venous plexus) and then drains into the IJV

22
Q

Clinical Correlate: Danger Zone

A

. The facial vein communicates with the superior opthalmic vein, which drains into the cavernous sinus, leading to the cranial cavity
. This could lead to the spread of bacterial infections back to the cranial cavity

23
Q

Which veins contribute to the retromandibular vein? Where does it drain?

A

. The retromandibular vein originates from the superficial temporal and maxillary veins
. It has posterior and anterior branches
. The posterior branch meets the posterior auricular vein to make the EJV
. The anterior branch meets the facial vein to make the IJV via the common facial vein

24
Q

What are the layers of the SCALP?

A

. Skin
. Connective tissue (nerves and vasculature)
. Aponeurosis (epicranial aponeurosis)
. Loose areolar connective tissue
. Pericranium (external periosteum of the neurocranium)

25
Q

What is the function of the epicranial Aponeurosis?

A

. Covers calvaria (dome of skull)
. Serves as an attachment for the frontal and occiptal bellies of the occiptofrontalis muscle and the superior auricular muscle
. These structures collectively form the musculoaponeurotic epicranius

26
Q

What is the function of the Loose areolar connective tissue in the SCALP?

A

. It contains potential spaces that may distend with fluid following infection or injury
. This layer allows free movement of the scalp proper (S, C, A) over the calvaria

27
Q

What makes up the parotid sheath of the parotid gland?

A

. Investing layer of deep cervical fascia

28
Q

Where is the parotid gland?

A

. In the parotid bed which is between the ramus of mandible and mastoid process

29
Q

What is the course of the parotid duct?

A

. It pierces the buccinator muscle and enters the oral cavity opposite the upper second molar

30
Q

What is embedded within the parotid gland?

A

From superficial to deep:
. Parotid plexus of the facial nerve
. Retromandibular vein
. External carotid artery

31
Q

Function of the greater auricular nerve (C2 - C3)?

A

. SENSORY Innervation of the parotid sheath,
. Parotid gland,
. Overlying skin

32
Q

Function of the auriculotemporal nerve (V3 branch)?

A

. SENSORY innervation to the parotid gland

33
Q

Sympathetics and Parasympathetics (visceral motor) to the parotid gland are supplied by what?

A

Sympathetics: External carotid nerve plexus
Parasympathetics: Glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

34
Q

What is the parotid gland secretomotor innervation pathway?

A

. para/pre fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus travel through CN IX
. para/pre fibers continue through the tympanic nerve of CN IX
. para/pre fibers meet the tympanic plexus and meet up with sym/post fibers of caroticotympanic nerve (they don’t synapse)
. para/pre (and sym/post) fibers follow the lesser petrosal nerve which goes through foramen ovale ending up in the otic ganglion
. para/pre fibers synapse here
. para/post fibers go through auriculotemporal nerve (V3 branch) to reach the parotid gland

35
Q

Where are the LNs in the face?

A

Only in in the parotid/buccal region

36
Q

Where does lymph from the scalp, face, and neck drain?

A

Superficial ring (pericervicular collar) of LNs

37
Q

Which LNs comprise the superficial ring (pericervicular collar)?

A 
. Submental
. Submandibular
. Parotid
. Mastoid
. Occipital
. (Superficial Cervical)
38
Q

Where does the superficial ring of LNs drain? Initially to eventually?

A

. Initial drainage to deep cervical LNs along IJV
. Then into the thoracic duct (L) or R lymphatic duct
. Both of these drain into the venous system at the junction of the IJV and subclavian

39
Q

Which part of the face drains into the parotid LNs?

A

Lateral part of face and scalp

40
Q

What part of the face drains into the deep cervical LNs?

A

Deep parotid nodes

41
Q

What part of the face drains into the submandibular LNs?

A

. Upper lip and lateral lower lip

42
Q

What part of the face drains into the submental LNs?

A

Chin and central part of lower lip

43
Q

What does the lesser occipital nerve do? Nerve roots?

A

. Cutaneous innervation to the posterior aspect of the auricle as well as the skin behind the hear
. C2

44
Q

What does the greater occipital nerve do? Nerve roots?

A

. Cutaneous innervation to the skin on the back of the head

. C2

Anatomy (13 decks)

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