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Anatomy > Nasal Cavity, PPG, Palate > Flashcards

Nasal Cavity, PPG, Palate Flashcards

0
Q

What does the nasal cavity do?

A 
Respiration
Olfaction
Filtration of dust
Humidification of air
Drains paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct
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1
Q

Whats the name of the structure that the air enters through your nose?

A

Nares

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2
Q

What are the three parts of the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

frontal nasal
ethmoidal
sphenoidal

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3
Q

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity

A

palatine process of maxilla

horizontal plate of palatine bone

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4
Q

What forms the lateral and medial walls of the nasal cavity

A 
lateral = conchae
medial = nasal septum
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5
Q

In a clockwise direction, the nasal septum consists of:

A

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Vomer
Septal Cartilage

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6
Q

What are the arteries that supply the nasal septum and where do they branch from?

A

septal branch of anterior/posterior ethmoidal - from opthalmic artery
septal branch of sphenopalatine - from maxillary artery
distal portion of greater palatine - from maxillary artery

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7
Q

What nerves serve somatic sensation to the nasal septum? Functional components?

A

SA
Anterior ethmoidal (V1)
Nasopalatine (V2)
Internal branch of infraorbital nerve (V2)
Posterior superior/inferior medial nasal nerves (V2)

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8
Q

What nerve supplies special sense of smell to the nasal septum? Functional component?

A

CN I

SS-smell

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9
Q

What regulates blood flow?

A

Sym/post fibers

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10
Q

What provides secretomotor innervation of the mucous glands in the nasal septum?

A

Para/post fibers of the PPG

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11
Q

What are the four air channels that form between the concha

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess
Superior meatus
Middle meatus
Inferior meatus

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12
Q

What are the arteries that supply the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and where do they branch from?

A

Posterior/anterior ethmoidal from the opthalmic artery
Lateral nasal from facial artery
Sphenopalatine from maxillary artery

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13
Q

What supplies somatic sensation to the lateral wall? Functional components?

A

SA
Anterior ethmoidal (V1)
Internal branch of the infraorbital (V2)
Posterior superior/inferior lateral nasal (V2)

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14
Q

What supplies the special sense of smell to the lateral wall? Functional component?

A

SS-smell

CN I

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15
Q

What regulates the blood flow?

A

Sym/post fibers

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16
Q

What supplies secretomotor innervation to the mucosal glands of the lateral wall? Functional components?

A

Para/pre fibers from the PPG

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17
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air filled extensions of the respiratory portion of the nasal cavity

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18
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary

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19
Q

What is the course of the frontal sinus drainage?

A

Drains through the frontalnasal duct

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20
Q

Where do the anterior ethmoidal air cells drain?

A

Drain into the middle meatus via the ethmoidal infundibulum

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21
Q

Where do the middle ethmoidal air cells drain?

A

Middle meatus via the ethmoidal bulla

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22
Q

Where do the posterior ethmoidal air cells drain?

A

Directly into the superior meatus

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23
Q

Where does the sphenoid sinus drain

A

Directly into the sphenoethmoidal recess

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24
Q

Where does the maxillary sinus drain?

A

Into the middle meatus via the semilunar hiatus

25
Q

Where does the lacrimal sac drain?

A

Into the inferior meatus via the nasolacrimal duct

26
Q

What forms the hard palate?

A

Palatine processes of maxillae

Horizontal plates of palatine bones

27
Q

The upper alveolar arch contains ___ teeth. What are they?

A 
16 teeth
4 incisors
2 canines
4 premolars
6 molars
28
Q

What are the three openings on the oral aspect of the hard palate? What goes through them?

A
  1. Incisive fossa - sphenopalatine artery (posterior septal branch) meets greater palatine artery, nasopalatine nerve meets the greater palatine nerve
  2. Greater palatine foramen - greater palatine nav
  3. Lesser palatine foramen - lesser palatine nav
29
Q

Name the vessels that go through the 3 holes in the hard palate and where they branch from

A

Sphenopalatine artery - Maxillary artery
Nasopalatine nerve - V2
Greater palatine nerve - V2
Lesser palatine nerve - V2
Greater palatine artery - Maxillary artery
Lesser palatine artery - Maxillary artery

30
Q

What are the nerves that enter the 3 holes in the hard palate? What are their functional components?

A

Nasopalatine - sym/post, para/post, SA, VA
Greater palatine - sym/post, para/post, SA, VA
Lesser palatine - sym/post, para/post, SA, VA, SS-taste from soft palate

31
Q

What do the greater palatine and lesser palatine nerves innervate?

A

Greater palatine - hard palate

Lesser palatine - soft palate

32
Q

The soft palate is strengthened by the ____________ which is formed by which muscle?

A

Palatine aponeurosis

Tensor veli palatini muscle

33
Q

The soft palate is joined to the tongue and pharynx by what?

A

Palatoglossal arch

Palatopharyngeal arch

34
Q

The mucosa of the arches that connect the tongue and palate cover what?

A

Palatoglossus muscle

Palatopharyngeus muscle

35
Q

What lies between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches?

A

Palatine tonsil (in the tonsillar fossa)

36
Q

What is the fauces? What is it bounded by?

A

Aperature leading from the mouth into the oropharynx

Palatoglossal arch laterally, soft palate superiorly, dorsum of the tongue inferiorly

37
Q

What do the muscles of the soft palate do? What stage of deglutition?

A

Elevate in order to seal off the oropharynx from the nasopharynx

Also elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing (2nd stage of deglutition which is involuntary and rapid)

38
Q

Where is the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Inferior to the orbit, medial to the infratemporal fossa, lateral to the nasal cavity

39
Q

What is inside the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

V2, PPG, third part of maxillary artery and its branches

40
Q

What are the boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

Roof = greater wing of sphenoid
Anterior wall = posterior aspect of the maxilla
Posterior wall = pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone
Lateral wall = pterygomaxillary fissure
Medial wall = perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
Floor = pyramidal process of palatine bone

41
Q

What does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with?

A

1 Laterally with the infratemporal fossa through the pterygomaxillary fissure
2 Medially with the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen
3 Anterosuperiorly with the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure
4 Posterosuperiorly with the middle cranial fossa through the foramen rotundum and the pterygoid canal

42
Q

Which nerve enters the pterygopalatine fossa through the foramen rotundum?

A

Maxillary (V2)

43
Q

Within the pterygopalatine fossa, the maxillary nerve branches into what?

A

Zygomatic to zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal

44
Q

What nerves does the communicating branch connect?

A

Zygomatic nerve (V2) to the lacrimal nerve (V1)

It conveys para/post fibers to the lacrimal gland

45
Q

What nerves suspend the PPG and where are they from?

A

Two pterygopalatine nerves from V2

46
Q

Where does the greater petrosal nerve branch from? Functional components?

A

CN VII

para/pre, VA, SS-taste from soft palate that originated in the lesser palatine nerve

47
Q

Where do the para/pre fibers of the greater petrosal nerve synapse?

48
Q

Where is the deep petrosal nerve from? Functional components?

A

Internal carotid sympathetic plexus

Sym/post, VA

49
Q

What are the major branches off the PPG?

A 
ORder NApkins POSSibly Good Lunch PHeasant FIBERS
Orbital
Nasopalatine
Posterior superior medial/lateral nasal
Greater palatine
Lesser palatine
Pharyngeal
Fibers leading to lacrimal gland
50
Q

What are the functional components of the branches off of the PPG

A

VE-para/post, VE-sym/post, VA, SA

lesser palatine also has SS-taste from soft palate

51
Q

What is Kiesselbach’s area?

A

Anastomosis of 4-5 arteries that supply the anteroinferior region of the nasal septum

Area involved in chronic epistaxis (nosebleeds)

52
Q

What is epistaxis and where does it occur? How does mild epistaxis differ from regular epistaxis?

A

. Nosebleeds that result from rupture of arteries in the anterior 1/3 of the nose
. Anastomosis of sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries
. Mild epistaxis usually occurs from nose picking which tears veins

53
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

Swollen and inflamed nasal mucosa that occurs during upper respiratory infections or allergic reactions

54
Q

Infections of the nasal cavities can spread to what 5 places?

A

. Anterior cranial fossa through the cribriform plate
. Lacrimal apparatus and conjunctiva
. Middle ear through auditory tube
. Nasopharynx and retropharyngeal tissues
. Paranasal sinuses

55
Q

Tonsillitis affects which tonsils? What hole can the tonsils block?

A

. Pharyngeal tonsils

. Opening between oral cavity and oropharynx, creating dysphagia

56
Q

Tensor veli palatini muscle innervation and function

A

. V3

. Tenses soft palate

57
Q

Levator veli palatini innervation and function

A

CN X

Elevates the soft palate

58
Q

Musculus uvulae innervation and function

A

CN X

Shortens uvula and pulls it superiorly

59
Q

Palatoglossus muscle innervation and function

A

CN X

Elevates posterior part of tongue and depresses soft palate

60
Q

Palatopharyngeus muscle innervation and function

A

CN X

Depresses soft palate and pulls walls of pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing

Anatomy (13 decks)

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