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Anatomy > Oral Cavity and Larynx > Flashcards

Oral Cavity and Larynx Flashcards

0
Q

The oral cavity consists of two parts:

A

1 oral vestibule (space between cheeks and lateral edge of teeth)
2 oral cavity proper (space in between teeth, its filled by the tongue)

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1
Q

What is the first phase of deglutition? Voluntary or involuntary?

A

Food bolus put in the mouth and compressed against the palate. Voluntary

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2
Q

The alveolar arches are:

A

They contain the sockets of the teeth and are covered by gingivae (gums)

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3
Q

The lips are covered externally by skin and internally by?

A

Mucous membrane

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4
Q

The gingivae (gums) are composed of ___________ that is covered with mucous membrane

A

fibrous tissue

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5
Q

What are the pieces called that attach the lips to the gingivae?

A

Frenulum (thats singular)

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6
Q

What are the three layers of the cheeks?

A

Skin
Buccinator
Oral mucosa

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7
Q

What is the principle muscle of the cheek and what is it innervated by?

A

Buccinator

CN VII

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8
Q

What is the parotid papilla and where does it open into?

A

The parotid duct opens at the parotid papilla opposite the upper second molar

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9
Q

What provides somatosensory innervation to the cheek? What is the functional component?

A 
Buccal nerve (branch of V3)
SA
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10
Q

In context of the TOP tooth pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar processes, what innervates the incisors and canines?

A

Anterior superior alveolar nerve (V2 branch)

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11
Q

In context of TOP tooth pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar processes, what innervates the two premolars and half of the first molar?

A

Middle superior alveolar nerve (V2)

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12
Q

In context of TOP tooth pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar processes, what innervates the second half of the first molar plus the other two molars?

A

Posterior superior alveolar nerve (V2)

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13
Q

What innervates the superior lingual gingiva?

A

Nasopalatine (V2)

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14
Q

In context of the vestibular (buccal, labial) gingiva, what innervates the area above the incisors and canines?

A 
Anterior superior alveolar nerve (V2)
Infraorbital nerve (V2)
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15
Q

In context of the vestibular (buccal, labial) gingiva, what innervates the area above the premolars?

A 
Middle superior alveolar nerve (V2)
Infraorbital nerve (V2)
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16
Q

In the context of the vestibular (buccal, labial) gingiva, what innervates the area above the molars?

A

Posterior superior alveolar nerve (V2)

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17
Q

What are the two regions of the tongue and where are they located?

A

Anterior 2/3 is the body and is located in the oral cavity proper - has a dorsal and ventral surface

Posterior 1/3 is the root and is located in the oropharynx

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18
Q

Which papillae of the tongue contain taste buds?

A

Fungiform
Vallate
Foliate

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19
Q

Which papillae contain sensory nerve endings that are sensitive to touch?

A

Filiform

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20
Q

Which nerves does the anterior 2/3 of the tongue give special sensory (SS) and receive somatic sensory (SA) from?

A

The chorda tympani (CN VII) picks up the ss-taste fibers from the tongue via the lingual nerve. The lingual nerve picks up para/pre fibers from the chorda tympani

The lingual nerve (V3) delivers SA to the anterior 2/3 of tongue

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21
Q

Which nerve receives SS-taste fibers from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and delivers SA fibers to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Lingual branch of CN IX

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22
Q

What takes SS-taste fibers from the “anterior to the epiglottis” and supplies VA?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve (CN X)

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23
Q

All muscles of the tongue are innervated by _____ except for which muscle?

A

CN XII

Palatoglossus (CN X)

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24
Q

Which muscles alter the shape of the tongue

A

Intrinsic muscles

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25
Q

Which muscles alter the position of the tongue

A

Extrinsic muscles

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26
Q

The floor of the oral cavity proper contains what 6 structures?

A 
Lower alveolar arch
Mylohyoid muscle
Geniohyoid muscle
Submandibular gland and duct
Sublingual gland
Lingual nerve
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27
Q

What is the purpose of the lingual frenulum?

A

Attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth while allowing free movement of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

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28
Q

What is the sublingual caruncle?

A

Opening of the submandibular ducts

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29
Q

What is the sublingual fold? Whats on top of the fold?

A

Slight elevation of the mucosa due to the sublingual gland sitting underneath

8-20 holes that are the sublingual ducts

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30
Q

What are the vessels that can be seen on the ventral surface of the tongue?

A

Deep lingual vessels (from the lingual artery and vein)

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31
Q

What is more superior, the sublingual duct or lingual nerve?

A

Sublingual duct

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32
Q

The floor of the oral cavity proper is supplied by what vessels?

A

Lingual artery/vein and its branches (lingual vessels from external carotid)

33
Q

What innervates the bottom incisors, canines, and half of the first premolar?

A

Incisive branch of inferior alveolar nerve (V3)

34
Q

What innervates the bottom second half of the first premolar, the second premolar, and all of the molars?

A

Dental branches of inferior alveolar nerve (V3)

35
Q

What innervates the bottom gums of the incisors, canines, and both premolars?

A

Mental branch of inferior alveolar nerve (V3)

36
Q

What innervates the bottom gums of all of the molars?

A

Buccal branch of the inferior alveolar nerve (V3)

37
Q

What nerve supplies general sensory innervation to the floor of the mouth?

A

Lingual nerve

38
Q

What are the 2 suprahyoid muscles that help form the floor of the oral cavity proper?

A

Mylohyoid

Geniohyoid

39
Q

What triangle is the larynx located in?

A

Muscular triangle

40
Q

What vertebral levels does the larynx sit in and what does it do?

A

C3-C6

Phonating mechanism designed for voice production

41
Q

What are the 3 laryngeal spaces and what are their boundaries?

A

Supraglottic - laryngeal inlet to the false vocal cords (vestibular folds)
Ventricle - between false and true vocal cords (vocal folds)
Infraglottic - between the true vocal cords and the lower border of the cricoid cartilage

42
Q

What is the rima glottis?

A

Space between true vocal cords

43
Q

What is the glottis?

A

Region that includes the true vocal cords AND the rima glottis

44
Q

What are the 9 cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton?

A 
Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottic
Arytenoid (2)
Corniculate (2)
Cuneiform (2)
45
Q

Which cartilage is located in the aryepiglottic folds? Whats significant about this?

A 
Cuneiform cartilages (2)
They are lost if the mucosa has been pulled off
46
Q

Thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Binds hyoid to superior portion of thyroid cartilage

47
Q

Cricothyroid membrane

A

Made up of median and lateral cricothyroid ligaments

Binds cricoid and thyroid cartilages and helps form the conus elastus

48
Q

Quadrangular membrane

A

Extends between epiglottic and arytenoid cartilages

Its inferior margin forms the vestibular ligament

49
Q

What makes up the conus elastus? What does it do?

A

Median cricothyroid ligament
Lateral cricothyroid ligament
Vocal ligaments

Connects cricoid cartilage to the vocal ligaments and forms the roof of the infraglottic space

50
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid innervation and function

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (BM)

Adduction of vocal ligaments

51
Q

Innervation and function of transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (BM)

Adduction of vocal ligaments

52
Q

Posterior cricoarytenoid innervation and function

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (BM)

Abduction of vocal ligaments

53
Q

Vocalis and thyroarytenoid innervation and function

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (BM)

Relaxation of vocal ligaments

54
Q

Cricothyroid innervation and function

A

External laryngeal nerve (BM)

Increase tension of vocal ligaments

55
Q

What are the adductors of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A

Lateral cricothyroid
Oblique Arytenoid
Transverse arytenoid

56
Q

What are the abductors of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid

57
Q

Which of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles is a relaxer?

A

Vocalis

Thyroarytenoid

58
Q

Which laryngeal constrictor muscle is a tensor?

A

Cricothyroid

59
Q

Which nerve sends visceromotor (VE) and viscerosensory (VA) innervation to the mucosa and mucous glands of the larynx?

A

CN X

60
Q

All of the muscles of the larynx are innervated by what? What are the functional components?

A 
CN X (specifically recurrent laryngeal and superior laryngeal branches)
BM
61
Q

Which arteries supply blood to the larynx?

A

Superior/inferior laryngeal vessels

62
Q

What does the internal laryngeal nerve supply and what are its functional components?

A

. VA and VE-para/pre to the laryngeal mucous membrane superior to the vocal cords
. VA and SS-taste to the anterior epiglottis

63
Q

What does the external laryngeal nerve supply and what are the functional components?

A

BM and SA

Cricothyroid

64
Q

The recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend toward the larynx in between the:

A

Trachea and Esophagus

65
Q

What do the recurrent laryngeal nerves supply and what are the functional components?

A

. BM and SA to all laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid

. VE-para/pre and VA to mucosa and mucous glands below the true vocal cords

66
Q

What vessels are paired with the internal laryngeal nerve after passing the thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Superior laryngeal artery/vein, which is a branch of the superior thyroid artery/vein

67
Q

Which vessels accompany the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the pharyngeal gap #4

A

Inferior laryngeal artery/vein which is a branch of the inferior thyroid artery/vein

68
Q

What is the neurovasculature above the vocal folds?

A

Innervation:
• Internal laryngeal nerve (VE-para/pre, VA, SS-taste of anterior epiglottis)
• Sym/post (via superior laryngeal artery)
Blood Supply:
• Superior laryngeal artery (branch of superior thyroid artery)

69
Q

What is the neurovasculature below the vocal folds?

A

Innervation:
• Recurrent laryngeal nerve (BM-CN X, VE-para/pre, VA, SA- propriception of muscles)
• Sym/post (via inferior laryngeal artery)
Blood Supply:
• Inferior laryngeal artery (branch of inferior thyroid artery)

70
Q

What four muscles comprise the intrinsic tongue muscles? What innervates them?

A 
Superior longitudinal
Vertical
Transverse
Inferior longitudinal
CN XII
71
Q

What do the superior longitudinal muscles do? Nerve?

A

Curls tongue longitudinally upward, elevating apex and sides, shortens tongue
CN XII

72
Q

What do the vertical tongue muscles do? Nerve?

A

Flattens and broadens tongue

CN XII

73
Q

What do the transverse tongue muscles do? Nerve?

A

Narrows and elongates tongue

74
Q

What do the inferior longitudinal tongue muscles do? Nerve?

A

Curls tongue longitudinally downward, depressing apex, shortens tongue
CN XII

75
Q

Genioglossus innervation and function

A

Protrudes tongue, bilaterally depresses tongue, unilaterally wags tongue
CN XII

76
Q

Styloglossus innervation and function

A

Retract and elevate the tongue

CN XII

77
Q

Hyoglossus innervation and function

A

Retract and depress tongue

78
Q

Geniohyoid innervation and function

A

Pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly, shortens floor of mouth, widens pharynx
CN XII

79
Q

Mylohyoid innervation and function

A 
Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during speaking and swallowing
Mylohyoid nerve (V3)
80
Q

Describe the innervation of the submandibular and lingual glands, beginning with the superior salivatory nucleus

A

Para/pre fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus course through the chorda tympani (VII), then the lingual (V3), and synapse at the submandibular ganglion. The para/post fibers then directly innervate the submandibular gland or hop back on the lingual nerve to innervate the sublingual gland

81
Q

Describe the parotid gland innervation, beginning with the inferior salivatory nucleus

A

Para/pre fibers originate from the inferior salivatory nucleus and course through the tympanic nerve of CN IX to the tympanic plexus. The para/pre fibers course through the lesser petrosal nerve and travel through the foramen ovale to synapse at the otic ganglion. Para/post fibers course through the auriculotemporal nerve (V3) to the parotid gland

Anatomy (13 decks)

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