Deep Face Flashcards
What makes up the floor and roof of the temporal fossa?
Floor: . Frontal bone . Parietal bone . Great wing of sphenoid bone . Temporal bone Roof: . Temporalis muscle + temporalis fascia
What are the boundaries of the temporal fossa?
. Superior and Inferior Temporal Lines (posterior/superior boundaries)
. Frontal and Zygomatic bones (anterior boundary)
. Zygomatic arch (lateral boundary)
. Infratemporal crest (inferior boundary)
Where is the deep face/infratemporal fossa located?
. Deep and inferior to the zygomatic arch
. Deep to the ramus of the mandible
. Posterior to the maxilla
What are the contents of the deep face?
. Later and medial pterygoid muscles
. Inferior portion of the temporalis muscle
. Maxillary artery and its branches
. Pterygoid venous plexus
. Mandibular nerve (V3) and its branches (inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve, buccal nerve)
. Chorda tympani nerve (VII branch)
. Otic ganglion (parasympathetic ganglion)
What are the boundaries of the deep face?
. Mandibular ramus (laterally)
. Lateral pterygoid plate (medially)
. Posterior aspect of the maxilla (anteriorly)
. Tympanic plate and mastoid and styloid processes (posteriorly)
. Inferior surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid (superiorly)
. Medial pterygoid attachment to the mandible (inferiorly)
What passes through the mandibular foramen?
. Inferior alveolar n, a, v
What forms the mylohyoid groove, directly below the mandibular foramen?
Mylohyoid n, a, v
What passes through the mental foramen?
Mental n, a, v
What is the mylohyoid line? What is the coronoid process?
. Attachment for mylohyoid muscle
. Attachment for the temporalis muscle
What are the four muscles of mastication and what is their innervation?
. Later pterygoid (V3)
. Medial pterygoid (V3)
. Masseter (V3)
. Temporalis (V3)
What are the movements of the mandible at the TMJ?
. Elevation . Depression . Protrustion . Retrusion . Lateral Deviation
Which main artery (and its branches) supply the deep face and describe its course?
. Maxillary artery
. It arises posterior to the neck of the mandible, courses under the mandibular condyle, and then passes superficial or deep to the lateral pterygoid
. It then passes medially from the infratemporal fossa through the pterygomaxillary fissure to enter the pterygopalatine fossa.
What are the three divisions of the maxillary artery?
. Retromandibular
. Pterygoid
. Pterygopalatine
What are the five branches of the retromandibular part of the maxillary artery?
. Deep auricular . Anterior tympanic . Middle meningeal . Accessory meningeal . Inferior alveolar
What are the four branches of the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery?
. Deep temporal
. Pterygoid
. Masseteric
. Buccal
What are the six branches of the pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery?
. Posterior superior alveolar . Infraorbital . Descending palatine . Artery of the pterygoid canal . Pharyngeal . Sphenopalatine
What performs the venous drainage of the deep face?
. Pterygoid venous plexus
. Maxillary v
. Facial v
. Retromandibular v
Which two veins create the retromandibular vein?
. Superficial temporal
. Maxillary
What are the functional components of the mandibular nerve (CN V3)?
. Branchiomotor and somatic sensory (BM, SA)
The mandibular nerve (CN V3) is somatic sensory (SA) from which structures?
. Skin of temporal region
. Mandible and chin
. Anterior 2/3 of tongue
. Mucosa of lower oral cavity/lower teeth
The mandibular nerve’s (CN V3) branchiomotor fibers innervate which muscles?
. Muscles of mastication . Mylohyoid . Anterior belly of digastric . Tensor veli palatini . Tensor tympani
What are the six major branches of CN V3?
. Muscle nerve branches (masseteric, deep temporal, lateral/medial pterygoid) . Inferior alveolar nerve . Mylohyoid nerve . Auriculotemporal nerve . Buccal nerve . Lingual nerve
Where does the mylohyoid nerve come from and what does it supply? What are the functional components?
. Branch off of the inferior alveolar nerve
. Supplies the mylohyoid AND anterior belly of digastric
. BM, SA
What are the functional components of the inferior alveolar nerve? Do they change?
. BM and SA
. Yes, after it gives off the mylohyoid nerve at the mandibular foramen it is only SA
. Goes on to innervate the mandibular teeth
Where does the mental nerve come from? What are the functional components? What does it supply?
. The inferior alveolar nerve becomes the mental nerve after passing through the mental foramen
. SA
. Innervates the chin
What are the function components of the buccal nerve? What does it supply?
. SA
. Skin and oral mucosa of the cheeks and adjacent gingiva
What are the functional components of the auriculotemporal nerve and what does it supply? What structure passes through the auriculotemporal nerve?
. SA and para/post fibers from the otic ganglion that supply the parotid gland
. Anterior ear and temporal regions
. Middle meningeal artery
Describe path of lingual nerve
Begins as a V3 branch with SA fibers (3rd part)
Receives VE-para/pre fibers when the chorda tympani merges with it (2nd part)
The VE-para/pre fibers at the submandibular ganglion and hop back on the lingual nerve as para/post fibers to innervate the submandibular and sublingual glands (1st part)
SS-taste fibers from the anterior 2/3 of tongue course through the 1st and 2nd parts and are carried away by the chorda tympani
Functional components of lingual nerve?
3 - SA
2 - SA, VE-para/post, VA, ss-taste
1 - SA, VE-para/post, VE-sym/post, VA, ss-taste
functional components of chorda tympani?
ss-taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
VE-para/pre and VA
Where is the otic ganglion found and what kind of ganglion is it
Parasympathetic ganglion
Deep face, outside foramen ovale but medial to V3
What type of joint is the TMJ
modified hinge-type synovial
What are the 3 articular surfaces
mandibular fossa
mandibular condyle
articular tubercle on the temporal bone
Articular surfaces of the TMJ are covered by what? What divides the joint into two separate joint cavities?
Fibrocartilage
Articular disc
Lateral ligament and postglenoid tubercle of TMJ?
Lateral ligament strengthens TMJ
Postglenoid tubercle prevents posterior displacement of joint
Stylomandibular and sphenomandibular ligaments?
Extrinsic ligaments
Stylomandibular does not really contribute to the strength of the TMJ but it connects the styloid process to the angle of the mandible
Sphenomandibular connects the spine of the sphenoid to the lingula of the mandible (does same thing as stylomandibular)
Gliding (translation) motion?
movement of TMJ between articular disc and mandibular fossa (superior joint cavity)
Rotary (hinge-type) motion
Movement of TMJ between articular disc and head of mandible (inferior joint cavity)
Innervation of masseter? Function?
V3
Elevates and protrudes mandible
Innervation of temporalis? Function?
V3
Elevates and retracts mandible
Lateral pterygoid innervation and function
V3
Lateral deviation, depression, protrusion
Medial pterygoid innervation and function
V3
Lateral deviation, elevation, protrusion
Muscles involved in elevation
Temporalis
Masster
Medial pterygoid
Muscles involved in protrusion
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Masseter
Retraction?
Temporalis
Depression?
Lateral pterygoid
Gravity, anterior belly of digastric, and mylohyoid help with depression. Minor.
Lateral deviation
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid
Temporalis
Masster
Tetanus or lock-jaw
Clostridium tetani
Affects the NMJ and causes muscle to tighten up in a tonic spasm
Dislocation of the TMJ
excessive contraction of the lateral pterygoids may cause the heads of the mandibles to dislocate anteriorly, by passing anterior to the articular tubercles.
