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Anatomy > Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

Cranial Cavity Flashcards

0
Q

What is the neurocranium? What are the parts of the neurocranium?

A

. Bony covering of the brain and the cranial meninges
. Calvaria (skull cap)
. Basicranium (floor or cranial base)

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1
Q

What are the two parts of the cranium?

A

. Neurocranium

. Viscerocranium

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2
Q

Which 8 bones form the neurocranium?

A 
. Frontal
. Ethmoid
. Sphenoid
. Occiptal
. Temporal (2)
. Parietal (2)
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3
Q

What is the viscerocranium and what 15 bones make it up?

A 
. The viscerocranium is made up of facial bones that developed mainly from the mesenchyme of the embryonic pharyngeal arches
. The viscerocranium forms the anterior part of the cranium
. Ethmoid
. Mandible
. Vomer
. Maxilla (2)
. Inferior nasal concha (2)
. Zygomatic (2)
. Palatine (2)
. Nasal (2)
. Lacrimal (2)
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4
Q

What is the point where the frontal, sphenoid, temporal, and parietal bones come together?

A

Pterion

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5
Q

What is the name of the palpable bump on the back of the head?

A

External occiptal protuberance

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6
Q

What is lambda and where is it?

A

. It is the point between the sagittal and lambdoid sutures

. Located above the occipital bone

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7
Q

What bones do the coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid sutures connect?

A

. Coronal suture = frontal + parietal bones
. Sagittal suture = parietal bones
. Lambdoid suture = occipital + parietal bones + temporal bones

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8
Q

What is bregma and where is it?

A

. Connection of coronal and sagittal sutures

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9
Q

What is the vertex and where is it?

A

Most superior part of the skull, mid-sagittal suture

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10
Q

What is the hard palate formed by?

A

Palatine processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones

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11
Q

What is the vomer?

A

Thin, flat bone that forms a portion of the nasal septum

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12
Q

What are the choanae? Where are they?

A

. Posterior nasal apertures
. Its inferior boundary is formed by the posterior edge of the hard palate
. The nasal apertures are separated from each other by the vomer

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13
Q

What do the occipital condyles articulate with?

A

C1 vertebra

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14
Q

The cranial cavity has three cranial fossa. What does each hold?

A

. Anterior cranial fossa supports the frontal lobes
. Middle cranial fossa supports the temporal lobes and the pituitary
. Posterior cranial fossa supports the pons, medulla, cerebellum

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15
Q

Which three bones form the anterior cranial fossa?

A

. Frontal
. Ethmoid
. Body and lesser wing of sphenoid

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16
Q

What is the crista galli?

A

. Ridge of bone that projects from the ethmoid bone
. Makes up the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
. Olfactory foramina are the holes in the cribriform plate

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17
Q

Which two bones form the middle cranial fossa?

A

. Greater wings of sphenoid

. Squamous and petrous parts of temporal bones

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18
Q

What are the three parts of the sella turcica and what borders it?

A

. It is bordered by the anterior/posterior clinoid processes
. Tuberculum sellae
. Hypophysial fossa
. Dorsum sellae

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19
Q

What are the sphenoidal crests?

A

Posterior border of the lesser wings of the sphenoid, end as the anterior clinoid processes

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20
Q

What is the prechiasmatic sulcus?

A

Extends between the left and right optic canals… anterior to the tuberculum sellae

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21
Q

Which bones form the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Mostly occipital, with contributions from sphenoid and temporal

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22
Q

What is the clivus?

A

The dip from the sella turcica that leads to the foramen magnum

23
Q

What is the internal occiptal crest?

A

. It divides the posterior part of the posterior cranial fossa into two cerebellar fossa (its a line perpendicular to the foramen magnum)
. It ends superiorly as the internal occipital protuberance

24
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

A

. External periosteal layer

. Internal meningeal layer

25
Q

Blood supply and innervation of the dura?

A

. Middle meningeal artery (anterior/posterior branches)

. Meningeal branches of V1, V2, V3, and to a lesser extent C2 and C3 via X and XII

26
Q

When the internal meningeal layer reflects away from the external periosteal layer, what 4 infoldings does it create?

A

. Falx cerebri
. Falx cerebelli
. Tentorium cerebelli
. Diaphragma sellae

27
Q

Describe what the 4 dural infoldings separate.

A

. Falx cerebri = two cerebral hemispheres
. Falx cerebelli = partially the two cerebellar hemispheres
. Tentorium cerebelli = cerebellum from occipital cerebrum (leaves a gap anteromedially called the tentorial notch)
. Diaphragma sellae = covers pituitary (suspends between clinoid processes)

28
Q

The internal meningial layer also creates the dural sinuses, which drain into what?

A

IJV

29
Q

What are the lateral venous lacunae?

A

Lateral expansions of the superior sagittal sinus

30
Q

What are arachnoid granulations?

A

. They transfer CSF to the venous system

. Prolongations of arachnoid mater that pierce the meningeal layer of the dura mater

31
Q

Where does the superior sagittal sinus receive blood from and where does it end?

A

. Superior cerebral veins

. Confluence of sinuses

32
Q

Where does the inferior sagittal sinus drain?

A

Straight sinus

33
Q

Which two structures form the straight sinus and where does it drain?

A

. Inferior sagittal sinus + great cerebral vein

. Confluence of sinuses

34
Q

What sinus does the transverse sinus become? And where does this sinus drain?

A

. Sigmoid sinus

. IJV at jugular foramen

35
Q

What does the occipital sinus communicate with?

A

. Internal vertebral sinus

36
Q

Where is the cavernous sinus and where does it receive blood from?

A

. Its on both sides of the sella turcica
. Superior/inferior opthalmic veins
. Superficial middle cerebral vein
. Sphenoparietal sinus

37
Q

Where are the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses?

A

. The superior petrosal sinus joins the cavernous sinus to the transverse sinus
. The inferior petrosal joins the cavernous sinus to the origin of the IJV

38
Q

What is the basilar plexus?

A

. It connects with the inferior petrosal sinuses and communicates with the internal vertebral venous plexuses

39
Q

What are emissary veins?

A

. They connect the dural sinuses to veins outside the cranium
. They connect the cavernous sinus to the pterygoid venous plexus

40
Q

The lateral walls of the cavernous sinus contain which nerves and what artery?

A 
. CN III
. CN IV
. CN V1
. CN V2
. (distal portion) Internal Carotid Artery
41
Q

What covers the ICA and which nerve crosses over it within the cavernous sinus?

A

. Carotid plexus of sympathetic nerves

. CN VI

42
Q

What are the 4 parts of the ICA?

A

. Cervical
. Petrous
. Cavernous
. Cerebral

43
Q

What is the leptomeninx?

A

Arachnoid and pia maters

44
Q

Where is the CSF?

A

The space between the arachnoid and pia, the subarachnoid space

45
Q

What is the blood supply and innervation to the arachnoid mater?

A

None!

46
Q

The pia mater is _______ vascularized

A

highly

47
Q

What does the pia mater do in relation to the cerebral arteries?

A

When the cerebral arteries penetrate the cerebral cortex, the pia follows them for a short distance, creating a pial coat and periarterial space

48
Q

What is the innervation of the pia mater?

A

None!

49
Q

What are the three meningeal spaces and which of them is a true space?

A

. Dura-cranium interface (extradural or epidural space)
. Dura-arachnoid junction (subdural space)
. Subarachnoid space = true space between arachnoid and pia

50
Q

Generally, trauma involving which artery creates an epidural hematoma?

A

. Middle meningeal artery

. So epidural hematomas are arterial in nature

51
Q

Is a subdural hematoma venous or arterial in nature?

A

Venous

52
Q

What is in the subarachnoid space?

A

. CSF
. Trabecular cells
. Cerebral arteries
. Bridging superior cerebral veins that drain into the superior sagittal sinus

53
Q

Is a subarachnoid hematoma venous or arterial in nature?

A

Arterial

54
Q

What is a Le Fort I fracture?

A

Horizontal fracture of the maxilla

55
Q

What is a Le Fort II fracture?

A

. Fracture passes through the posterolateral parts of the maxillary sinus, superomedially through the infraorbital foramina, lacrimals, or ethmoids to the bridge of the nose
. The entire central part of the face is separated

56
Q

What is a Le Fort III fracture?

A

. Horizontal fracture that passes through the superior orbital fissures, ethmoid and nasal bones, and extends laterally through the greater wings of the sphenoid and the frontozygomatic sutures

Anatomy (13 decks)

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