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OTC > Sunscreen and Photoaging > Flashcards

Sunscreen and Photoaging Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)

A

UVA
UVB
UVC

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2
Q

What is UVA

A

ultraviolet A
wavelength of 320-400 nm
suppresses the immune system and damages DNA which leads to premature photo aging and skin cancers

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3
Q

What is UVB

A

ultraviolet B
wavelength of 290-320 nm
most active UVR wavelength that causes sunburns
Highest intensity on earth is from 10 AM to 4 PM
*primary cause of skin cancer and photoaging changes

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4
Q

What is UVC

A

ultraviolet C
wavelength 200 - 290 nm
most is screened out by the ozone layer in the atmosphere but some is emitted by artificial UVR sources
*most UVC that impacts skin is absorbed by dead cells in the stratum corneum

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5
Q

When can UVR penetrate

A

cloud cover(79% penetration)
water(95% penetration)
window glass(UVB not UVA)

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6
Q

How much does UVR exposure increase with altitude

A

Increase 4% for each 100 foot increase in altitude

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7
Q

What is a sunburn

A

acute reaction to excessive UVR exposure results in inflammation
-experience redness, swelling, and pain as a result

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8
Q

What is a suntan

A

UVR stimulates melanocytes in skin to generate and distribute melanin

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9
Q

What is immediate tanning

A

caused by redistribution of pigment-producing organelles in skin cells
visible soon after UVR exposure and lasts 3-4 days

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10
Q

What is delayed tanning

A

protective mechanism for skin to diffuse and absorb additional UVR
does NOT protect against skin cancer, photodermatoses, photoaging or future sunburns
*can last 10-30 days

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11
Q

What factors affect sunburn and suntan

A

radiation both type and amount
thickness of outer skin layers
skin pigmentation of person
skin hydration
distribution of skin blood vessels(genetic)

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12
Q

What is drug photosensitivity

A

chemically-induced reactivity of the skin to UVR and/or visible light
*usually caused by UVB

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13
Q

What is phototoxicity

A

exaggerated sunburn and occurs within 30 minutes to 24 hours after sun exposure

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14
Q

What is a photoallergy

A

pruritic, swollen/raised lesions, welts
occurs 1-3 days after sun exposure

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15
Q

What are the times of skin cancer

A

non-melanoma skin cancer
melanoma

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16
Q

What are the risk factors of melanoma

A
  1. family/personal history of melanoma
  2. sun sensitivity
  3. lots of atypical moles
  4. prior history of basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma
  5. tanning bed use
  6. history of excessive sun exposure or sunburns
  7. weakened immune systems
    8.occupations with higher sun exposure
  8. increasing age
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17
Q

What is photoaging

A

premature skin aging due to sun exposure. Can cause the following effects:
wrinkling and yellowing of skin elastic
dry and thickened
spider vessels
small hemorrhages under the skin
skin growths

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18
Q

What are non-drug prevention methods

A

sun avoidance especially during peak hours
avoid tanning beds
protective clothing: darker color fabrics, tighter fabric weave and/or UVR absorbing
sunglasses

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19
Q

What is MED and what does it stand for

A

Minimal erythema dose
used to calculate sunscreen’s SPF
in is the UVR dose that produces sunburn as a single exposure
* 2 MEDs = bright skin reddening; 4 MEDs = painful sunburn

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20
Q

What is SPF and what does it stand for

A

Sun protection factor
SPF is indication of how long a sunscreen remains effective when applied to the skin

21
Q

Why is SPF 30 the “sweet spot”

A

anything higher than 30 requires more and more active agents which can cause systemic toxicities

22
Q

What does it mean when something is “broad spectrum”

A

high protection against UVA and UVB

23
Q

What are the types of sunscreens

A

chemical sunscreens: absorb UVR and blocks rays from going into the epidermis
physical sunscreens: reflect and scatter UVR

24
Q

What are the amounts of sunscreen that should be applied to each area of the body

A

1/2 tsp to the face and neck
1/2 tsp to the arms and shoulders on each side of the body
1/2 tsp to the front and back of the torso
1 tsp to the legs and top of the feet on each side of the body
*use a lip balm with sunscreen for the lips
**2 tablespoons of sunscreen total for entire boyd

25
Q

How often should sunscreen be applied?

A

apply 15 minutes before going outside and every 2 hours afterward
apply after each episode of swimming, towel drying or excessive sweating
*water-resistant sunscreen should be applied after 40-80 minutes of swimming

26
Q

What skin reactions can occur with sunscreen

A

rash
fluid-filled vesicles
hives
severe sunburn

27
Q

How old does a child have to be to start using sunscreen

A

must be older than 6 months of age
*keep them out of the sun and protected using non-drug measures

28
Q

For children, what strength of SPF should be used to minimize chemical exposure to the body

A

SPF 15

29
Q

What are the extrinsic causes of photoaging

A

UV light
smoking
wind
chemical exposure
medications

30
Q

What are intrinsic causes of photoaging

A

genetic control of skin/muscle changes
sleep lines

31
Q

What are the exclusions for self-care of photoaging

A

lesions that change in size, shape, or color
severe irritation from an AHA product
lesions close to the eye, nose or mouth

32
Q

What are some things a person can do the prevent photoaging and treat it

A

Wear/apply sun protection
Cleanse the skin to remove dirt, dead skin cells, cosmetics, oil/sebum, perspiration
Apply moisturizers
Use AHA or BHA

33
Q

What is AHA

A

alpha hydroxy acid
*lactic and glycolic acids

34
Q

What is the MOA of AHA

A

anti-inflammatory
keratolytic
antioxidant effects

35
Q

What are the side effects of AHA

A

skin irritation
more sensitive to sun exposure
transient stinging, burning. itching and/or dryness

36
Q

How long does it usually take to see the benefit of AHA

A

1-3 months

37
Q

What is a BHA

A

beta hydroxy acid
*salicylic acid
*more helpful if you have acne-prone skin

38
Q

What is the MOA of BHA

A

keratolytic

39
Q

What are the side effects of BHA

A

same as AHA but may irritate less

40
Q

How long does it usually take to see the benefits of BHA

A

1-2 months

41
Q

What are the benefits patients will notice when using a AHA or BHA

A

smoother, non-scaly skin surface
normalization of keratin function in skin
greater skin elasticity
fewer lines and normal skin coloration

42
Q

How do you use a AHA or BHA product

A

patch test skin first
apply to completely dry skin OR 10-15 minutes after washing and drying face
start using every other night for 1 week and slowly work up to twice a day if needed
*careful not to use more than one product with similar ingredients including moisturizers

43
Q

What is the MOA of topical retinoids

A

increase collagen production and increase cell size in epidermis

44
Q

What are the benefits of topical retinoids and how long does it take to see the benefits

A

minimizes fine lines
less coarse skin texture
improves elasticity
usually at least 4 months to see benefits

45
Q

What is the MOA of topical Vit C

A

neutralizes free radicals in epidermis

46
Q

How long does it take to see the benefit of topical Vit C

A

12 weeks if using topical concentration of 3-5%

47
Q

What is the MOA of topical CoQ10

A

same as Vit C

48
Q

How long does it take to see the benefit of topical CoQ10

A

4-12 weeks

OTC (33 decks)

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