Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

OTC > Exam 1 Challenging topics > Flashcards

Exam 1 Challenging topics Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Q stand for in QuEST/SCHOLAR-MAC

A

quickly and accurately assess the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the E stand for in QuEST/SCHOLAR-MAC

A

Establish the patient is an appropriate self-care candidate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the S stand for in QuEST/SCHOLAR-MAC

A

Suggest appropriate self-care strategies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the T stand for in QuEST/SCHOLAR-MAC

A

Talk with the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the S stand for in QuEST/SCHOLAR-MAC

A

symptoms
*What are the main and associated symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the C stand for in QuEST/SCHOLAR-MAC

A

Characteristics
*what is the situation like
*is it stable or changing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the H stand for in QuEST/SCHOLAR-MAC

A

History
*what have you done so far to try to relieve the symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the O stand for in QuEST/SCHOLAR-MAC

A

Onset
*when did the condition start

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the L stand for in QuEST/SCHOLAR-MAC

A

Location
*what is the precise location of the problem or symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the A stand for in QuEST/SCHOLAR-MAC

A

Aggravating Factors
*what makes it worse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the R stand for in QuEST/SCHOLAR-MAC

A

Remitting factors
*what makes it better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the MAC stand for in QuEST/SCHOLAR-MAC

A

medications, allergies, and health conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When should a patient be referred

A

-symptoms are too severe to be endured by patient without definitive diagnosis and treatment
-persistent, minor symptoms that are not the result from and easily identifiable cause
-symptoms that repeatedly return with no recognizable cause
-wen pharmacist is in doubt about patients medical condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are social identities

A

defined by physical, social, mental aspects of individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is cultural humility

A

lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-critique to address power imbalances and advocate for others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 5R’s of cultural humility

A

reflection
respect
regard
relevance
resiliency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is implicit bias

A

attitudes or stereotypes that affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unconscious manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the LEARN technique we can apply when learning about culturally diverse groups

A

Listen
Explain
Acknowledge
Recommend
Negotiating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 4C’s we use in conjunction with the LEARN technique

A

what do you CALL the problem
what do you think CAUSED the problem
how do you COPE with the problem
what CONCERNS do you have about the problem or treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some considerations when it comes to the care process and pediatric patients

A

patient age: many pharmacologic treatments have age requirements
weight: dosing is mg/kg in many cases
caregiver factors: literacy/health literacy
childcare or school schedules: can interfere with dosing schedule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the dosing of acetaminophen of those under the age of 12

A

10-15mg/kg given every 4-6 hours as needed
*max 480mg per dose up to 5 doses or 75/mg/kg/day
**do not exceed 2400mg in 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the dosing of ibuprofen for those under the age of 12

A

5-10 mg/kg every 6-8 hours as needed
*300mg per dose up to 4 doses or 40mg/kg/day
**do not exceed 1200mg in 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the symptoms of teething discomfort

A

mild pain
gum irritation and redness
drooling
mouth biting
low-grade fever
irritability and crankiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How early can teething start

A

as early as 3 months old and will discomfort will last for as long as 8 days per tooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are non-drug treatment options for teething
gum massage twisted, damp, frozen washcloth *if tolerates food, dry toast or teething biscuits
26
What are the drug treatment options for teething discomfort
acetaminophen(PREFERRED) ibuprofen *make sure appropriate doses, dosage forms, and administration
27
What should be avoided when treating teething discomfort(both drug and non-drug)
no benzocaine, lidocaine or homeopathic teething tablets/gels avoid teething necklaces, bracelets, etc... avoid high sugar/carb foods
28
What are the 7 considerations we should consider when looking at nonprescription treatment options for pregnant people
1. nondrug therapy is often more appropriate than medications at any stage of pregnancy especially in the first trimester 2. importance of determining stage of pregnancy 40 weeks typically 3. recommend lowest possible dose 4. topical or local dosage forms preferable to systemic forms 5. avoid extra strength and long-acting formulations 6. avoid combo products 7. adherence issues due to nausea and vomitting
29
What are the 6 things we should consider when recommending nonprescription treatment options for patients to use during lactation
1. recommended timing of medication with feeding nursing. *immediately after breast/chest feeding OR before the infant's length sleep period 2. recommend drug that has been shown to be safe in infants 3. recommend topical or local therapy rather than oral forms 4. advise against extra strength, max strength, or long-acting products 5. recommend products with the shortest half-life 6. avoid combo products
30
What is express warranty
specific statements made by the seller *no sales fluff
31
What is implied warranty
fitness for a particular use(proper indication) merchantability(outdated, contaminated, sub-potent)
32
What serious drug interactions are issues in older adults
altered PK and PD impaired kidney function decreased liver blood flow decreased liver size increased body fat decreased lean body mass changes in receptor sensitivity concomitant medical conditions
33
What OTC drugs are on the BEERs list and what effect do they cause
1st gen antihistamines: decreased clearance from the body as you get older Aspirin(primary CV prevention): not recommended H2RA: worsen mental status Mineral Oil: can go into lungs and get pneumonia Non-cox-selective NSAIDs: increased risk of ulcers, compromise kidneys PPI: higher rate of C.diff infections, decreased bone density, inc. in gastrointestinal malignancy
34
Why were phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine removed from the BEERs list
effects are not unique to older adults and can happen to everyone
35
What is the percentage of people over the age of 65 that use analgesics
20-30%
36
What is the percentage of older adults with PUD and GI from NSAID use
81% older adults *95% of these adults use OTC NSAIDs
37
What symptoms do we treat when it comes to cold and cough
sore throat rhinitis nasal/sinus treatment sneezing coughing myalgia fatigue
38
What symptoms associated with cough do we not self-treat
-difficulty breathing/SOB/dyspnea -cyanosis -hemoptysis -weight loss -night sweats -worsens after 3-5 days -persists after 2-3 weeks -children younger than 4 years old -temp greater than 100.4 -returns after resolving -temp greater than 100 for more than 3 days -barking cough with stridor -severe spells with whooping -sudden onset without fever or URI -immunocompromised -TB exposures -HIV risk factors -chronic conditions
39
What are the non-pharmacologic treatment options available for coughs
honey nonmedicated lozenges humidification nasal drainage hydration
40
What is the efficacy of honey
honey is more effective in reducing cough when compared to placebo or no treatment honey is equally effective as dextromethorphan honey is more effective than diphenhydramine
41
What are steps and ingredients used to create saline for nasal irrigation
1-2 cups of water(distilled, sterile, or boiled) should be warmed to body temp 1/4 - 1/2 teaspoon of non-iodized salt added to water pinch of baking soda
42
When should a patient follow-up with a provider
symptoms worsen during treatment no improvement after 7 days of self-care exclusions for self-care develop
43
What drug interactions exist with codeine
CNS depressants alcohol
44
What drug interactions exist for dextromethorphan
strong CYP2D6 inhibitors SSRIs MAO inhibitors
45
What drug interactions exist for diphenhydramine
CNS depressants narcotics alcohol benzos tranquilizers
46
Who should not be given honey as a treatment for cough
children under the age of 1 year old because of the risk of botulism
47
What can be substituted for honey
corn syrup
48
What is the timeline of symptoms for a cold
Days 1-3: sore throat first then nasal symptoms dominate 2 and 3 Days 4-5: cough appears in 20% of people, secretions thicken and color may change in color Days 6 and onward(up to 14 days): secretions return to clear as cold resolves
49
When should you not self-treat a cold
oral temp of more than 100.4 chest pain shortness of breath worsening of symptoms or new symptoms occur during self-care concurrent health conditions AIDS or chronic immunosuppressive therapy Frail older adults of advanced age infants younger than 3 months of age
50
What are some complementary and non-pharmacologic options available for the treatment of colds
hydration: water, juice, broth, chicken soup, ice pop adequate rest: placebo effect nutritious diet: no evidence that withholding dairy decreases cough or congestion increased humidification: cool vapors only, saline and nasal spray or drops, saline gargles, steamy showers aromatic oils: camphor, menthol, eucalyptus zinc and vit C breath right nasal strips antiviral disinfectant hand hygeine body positioning nasal bulb syringe
51
What is the MOA of Zinc
inhibits rhinovirus binding and replication in the nasal mucosa which subsequently suppresses inflammation
52
When should zinc be administered
within 24 hours of cold symptom onset reduces duration and severity of cold
53
What is the dosing of zince
1 lozenge(13mg/lozenge) every 2 hours while awake *MDD of 75mg/day
54
What is the MOA of vitamin C
antioxidant properties stimulate neutrophil and monocyte activity
55
When is vit C most beneficial
NOT beneficial after symptoms start efficacy of prophylaxis and treatment of colds has been debated for 70 years *not helpful to prevent colds in the gen population **helpful for patients with severe physical stress such as marathon runners
56
When should a patient be recommended to have a follow up with a PCP when trying to self-treat a cold
sore throat lasts longer than several days, is severe, or also has a fever/headache or nausea/vomiting symptoms worsen during nonrx treatment thick and colored nasal secretions persist temp higher than 101.5 shortness of breath chest congestion wheezing rash ear pain
57
What are the side effects of pseudoephedrine
elevated BP and/or HR, palpitations, arrhythmias tremor, insomnia, anxiety, irritability, dizziness, HA rebound congestion, nausea/anorexia, difficult urination
58
What are the 4 topical decongestants
naphazoline oxymetazoline phenylephrine propylhexedrine
59
What are the drug interactions that exist with the topical decongestants
albuterol
60
Why is oxymetazoline preferred over the other decongestants
only 2 sprays/drops in 24 hours can use in pregnancy due to poor systemic absorption
61
What is the MOA of first-gen antihistamines
blocks histaminic and muscarinic receptors in medulla
62
What is the MOA of pseudoephedrine
alpha-adrenergic agonist that constricts blood vessels, decreasing sinusoid vessel engorgement and mucosal edema and swelling
63
What drug interactions exist with 1st gen antihistamines
duloxetine alprazolam MAOI(brompheniramine) Parkinson's meds
64
What 1st gen antihistamine is preferred when pregnant
chlorpheniramine
65
What 1st gen antihistamine is preferred when lactating
low doses of chlorpheniramine as needed are okay short-term as needed use of diphenhydramine is likely ok
66
Who should avoid the use of topical anesthetics
avoid benzocaine in patients allergic to anesthetics
67
What is the general recommendation when treating cough and colds in older adults
REFER older adults are more sensitive to side effects of systemic decongestants decongestants may exacerbate diseases sensitive to adrenergic stimulation
68
Why are OTC cold products not recommended in young children
lack of evidence of safety and efficacy
69
What is the 2,4,6 rule regarding OTC cold products
FDA does not recommend use in children younger than 2 Mfg do not recommend use in children younger than 4 years Pediatric experts recommend avoiding in children younger than 6 years
70
What topical decongestants are available for younger children (age 2-6 years)
Naphazoline: only under PCP recommendation Oxymetazoline: 2-3 drops or sprays every 10-12 hours Phenylephrine: 2-3 drops or sprays every 4 hours
71
What nondrug therapies are there for infants when treating a cold
upright positioning to enhance nasal drainage maintain adequate fluid intake increase humidity of inspired air irrigate nose with saline drops carefully clear nasal passageways with bulb syringe
72
What are the exclusions of self-treatment when it comes to body pain
pain score more than a 6 on a scale of 0-10 pain lasting longer than 10 days total or 7 days with treatment with topical analgesic increased intensity or change in pain associated n/v, fever or infection visual deformity, abnormal movement, weakness, numbness, or possible fracture OTC intolerances achilles tendonitis pregnancy less than 2 years of age
73
When you have experienced an injury when should you start icing
as soon as possible following injury, 3-4 times a day for up to 72 hours
74
When should you start applying heat to the area of pain/injury
do not apply within the first 48 hours due to risk of worsening inflammation then apply heat to area for 15-20 minutes at a time, 3-4 times a day
75
What is RICE therapy
Rest: after injury and until pain decreases Ice: ASAP for 10-15 minutes 3-4 times a day Compression: elastic support/bandage, unwind 12-18 inches and wrap overlapping layer by about 1/2 of it. begin wrapping below the injury and move up and over. decrease tightness as you wrap Elevate: at or above heart 2-3 hours per day
76
What is the max amount of days you should use systemic analgesics to help with pain
max of 10 days *then you should refer if not better
77
What is the max amount of time you should use topical counterirritants when it comes to pain
max amount of 7 days *should refer if not better
78
What are the adverse effects of acetaminophen
hepatotoxicity with doses greater than 4 grams per day
79
What are the adverse effects of NSAIDs
GI issues dizziness fatigue *use of more than 3 months increases the risk of gastric ulceration between 15-33% *increased risk of myocardial infarction(ibuprofen), increase in BP and edema
80
What is the dosing for OTC NSAID agents
Ibuprofen 200mg: 20-800mg QID, max OTC dose of 1200mg/day Naproxen 220mg: 220mg twice a day with a max of 660mg/day Diclofenac topical gel: apply 2-4 grams(depending on location) 4 times a day. Do not apply to more than 2 spots on the body
81
What are topical counterirritants
relieve pain through nerve stimulation as opposed to depression paradoxical pain relief effect
82
What are the 4 categories of topical counterirritants
rubefacients: methyl salicylate, ammonia water cooling agents: camphor, menthol vasodilation: histamine dihydrochloride, methyl nicotinate irritant: capsicum, capsaicin
83
What is the frequency and duration of use for rubefacients, cooling agents, vasodilation
apply no more than TID-QID as needed for UP TO 7 days
84
What is the frequency and duration of use for irritants
apply TID-QID for duration of pain
85

OTC (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions