Skin Conditions

Question 1

What are the causes of minor burns

Answer 1

thermal
electrical
chemical
sunburns

Question 2

What are the characteristics of a first-degree burn

Answer 2

superficial
very 1st layer of skin burned
red and painful
no blistering

Question 3

What are the characteristics of a second-degree burn

Answer 3

superficial partial thickness
painful blisters
weeping fluid

Question 4

What are the characteristics of deep partial-thickness burn

Answer 4

entire depth of epidermis
blanched white and not red

Question 5

What are the characteristics of a third degree burn

Answer 5

full-thickness
can be painless if the nerve endings are damaged
down to fat layer
dry and leathery in apperance

Question 6

What are some nonpharmacological treatments for minor burns

Answer 6

cool moisture
cleansing with mild bland soap and continue cleaning done through out healing
protect the area non-adherent dressing: plastic/saran wrap, sterile gauze, tegaderm, duoderm

Question 7

Why do you want to use individually wrapped dressings for minor burns

Answer 7

individually wrapped products maintains sterility

Question 8

What are pharmacological treatments for minor burns

Answer 8

Oral analgesics
Topical anesthetics

Question 9

What are the 2 most common topical anesthetics used for minor burns

Answer 9

benzocaine and lidocaine

Question 10

What types of burns are ointments best for

Answer 10

minor burns with intact skin

Question 11

what types of burns are creams best for

Answer 11

for burns with minorly broken skins

Question 12

what type of burns are lotions and solutions best for

Answer 12

minorly broken skin and large burn areas

Question 13

What types of burns are aerosols best for

Answer 13

large, painful burn areas

Question 14

When should you refer someone with minor burns

Answer 14

moderate to sever burns
deep or full thickness
more than 2% of body surface area has burns
involvement of eyes, ears, face, hands, feet, joints, genitals, or perineum
chemical, electrical or inhalation burns
elderly, diabetic immunocompromised patients
burns don’t heal after 5 or more days
signs or symptoms of infection occur

Question 15

What is allergic contact dermatitis

Answer 15

delayed hypersensitivity reaction urushiol which occurs from coming in contact with poison ivy, oak or sumac

Question 16

How long does it take for a rash to occur after coming in contact with urushiol containing plants

Answer 16

within 24-48 hours after exposure
rash usually lasts 1-4 weeks

Question 17

What are signs and symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis

Answer 17

erythematous, intensely itchy patches on the affected exposed areas of the body
formation of blisters
scratching can lead to urushiol spread, open sores and infection

Question 18

What are options you can suggest a patient to prevent allergic contact dermatitis

Answer 18

avoid plant
apply ivy block: works by blocking urushiol from contacting skin
protective clothing

Question 19

What are some nonpharmacologic therapies someone can do after they come in contact with urushiol

Answer 19

wash with mild soap and cool water immediately
do not scrub and trim finger nails
wash exposed clothing, tools and pets

Question 20

What is zanfel

Answer 20

soap with a mixture of 2 active ingredients
binds to urushiol to prevent binding to skin and rash formation

Question 21

What is hydrocortisone used for when it comes to allergic contact dermatitis

Answer 21

1st line treatment to relieve pruritis and inflammation

Question 22

What do astringents do for allergic contact dermatitis

Answer 22

promote the drying of wet, oozing dermatitis and reduce inflammation
aid in cleansing and removing crusting or debris

Question 23

When should someone be referred when they are experiencing allergic contact dermatitis

Answer 23

symptoms become worse
rash becomes more widespread
rash covers large areas of the face or other sensitive areas of the body
signs or symptoms of infection
no resolution after 3 or more weeks

Question 24

What are the causes of diaper rash

Answer 24

occlusion
moisture
bacteria
alkaline pH
mechanical chafing and friction
proteolytic enzymes and bile salts

Question 25

What are the signs and symptoms of diaper rash

Answer 25

skin atrophy
red to bright red skin
wet looking patches or lesions
if severe, maceration, papule formation, oozing, erosion, and ulceration of the skin

Question 26

What preventative measures can someone take to prevent diaper rash

Answer 26

increased frequency of diaper changes
not wiping infant with any part of dirty diaper
use chemically bland baby wipes and soaps
wash cloth diapers in hypoallergenic detergent
dry thoroughly after changing and bathing

Question 27

What is the MOA of skin protectants

Answer 27

provide a physical barrier to protect skin and provide lubrication to reduce friction

Question 28

How should skin protectants be applied to diaper rash

Answer 28

apply sufficient amount to cover entire affected areas
wash/wipe products off as every diaper change

Question 29

How long does it take for skin protectants to work

Answer 29

should see relief with each application
duration of effect lasts while product is on

Question 30

What 2 topical agents should only be recommended under physician supervision when it comes to diaper rash

Answer 30

antifungal agents and topical corticosteroids

Question 31

When should diaper rash be referred to a doctor

Answer 31

no improvement after 5-7 days of treatment
fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
suspected candida infection
affected skin ruptures or pus forms
pain on urination or deffecation
incessant crying
concurrent dermatitis on other body parts
recurrent rash