Skin Conditions Flashcards
What are the causes of minor burns
thermal
electrical
chemical
sunburns
What are the characteristics of a first-degree burn
superficial
very 1st layer of skin burned
red and painful
no blistering
What are the characteristics of a second-degree burn
superficial partial thickness
painful blisters
weeping fluid
What are the characteristics of deep partial-thickness burn
entire depth of epidermis
blanched white and not red
What are the characteristics of a third degree burn
full-thickness
can be painless if the nerve endings are damaged
down to fat layer
dry and leathery in apperance
What are some nonpharmacological treatments for minor burns
cool moisture
cleansing with mild bland soap and continue cleaning done through out healing
protect the area non-adherent dressing: plastic/saran wrap, sterile gauze, tegaderm, duoderm
Why do you want to use individually wrapped dressings for minor burns
individually wrapped products maintains sterility
What are pharmacological treatments for minor burns
Oral analgesics
Topical anesthetics
What are the 2 most common topical anesthetics used for minor burns
benzocaine and lidocaine
What types of burns are ointments best for
minor burns with intact skin
what types of burns are creams best for
for burns with minorly broken skins
what type of burns are lotions and solutions best for
minorly broken skin and large burn areas
What types of burns are aerosols best for
large, painful burn areas
When should you refer someone with minor burns
moderate to sever burns
deep or full thickness
more than 2% of body surface area has burns
involvement of eyes, ears, face, hands, feet, joints, genitals, or perineum
chemical, electrical or inhalation burns
elderly, diabetic immunocompromised patients
burns don’t heal after 5 or more days
signs or symptoms of infection occur
What is allergic contact dermatitis
delayed hypersensitivity reaction urushiol which occurs from coming in contact with poison ivy, oak or sumac
How long does it take for a rash to occur after coming in contact with urushiol containing plants
within 24-48 hours after exposure
rash usually lasts 1-4 weeks
What are signs and symptoms of allergic contact dermatitis
erythematous, intensely itchy patches on the affected exposed areas of the body
formation of blisters
scratching can lead to urushiol spread, open sores and infection
What are options you can suggest a patient to prevent allergic contact dermatitis
avoid plant
apply ivy block: works by blocking urushiol from contacting skin
protective clothing
What are some nonpharmacologic therapies someone can do after they come in contact with urushiol
wash with mild soap and cool water immediately
do not scrub and trim finger nails
wash exposed clothing, tools and pets
What is zanfel
soap with a mixture of 2 active ingredients
binds to urushiol to prevent binding to skin and rash formation
What is hydrocortisone used for when it comes to allergic contact dermatitis
1st line treatment to relieve pruritis and inflammation
What do astringents do for allergic contact dermatitis
promote the drying of wet, oozing dermatitis and reduce inflammation
aid in cleansing and removing crusting or debris
When should someone be referred when they are experiencing allergic contact dermatitis
symptoms become worse
rash becomes more widespread
rash covers large areas of the face or other sensitive areas of the body
signs or symptoms of infection
no resolution after 3 or more weeks
What are the causes of diaper rash
occlusion
moisture
bacteria
alkaline pH
mechanical chafing and friction
proteolytic enzymes and bile salts
What are the signs and symptoms of diaper rash
skin atrophy
red to bright red skin
wet looking patches or lesions
if severe, maceration, papule formation, oozing, erosion, and ulceration of the skin
What preventative measures can someone take to prevent diaper rash
increased frequency of diaper changes
not wiping infant with any part of dirty diaper
use chemically bland baby wipes and soaps
wash cloth diapers in hypoallergenic detergent
dry thoroughly after changing and bathing
What is the MOA of skin protectants
provide a physical barrier to protect skin and provide lubrication to reduce friction
How should skin protectants be applied to diaper rash
apply sufficient amount to cover entire affected areas
wash/wipe products off as every diaper change
How long does it take for skin protectants to work
should see relief with each application
duration of effect lasts while product is on
What 2 topical agents should only be recommended under physician supervision when it comes to diaper rash
antifungal agents and topical corticosteroids
When should diaper rash be referred to a doctor
no improvement after 5-7 days of treatment
fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
suspected candida infection
affected skin ruptures or pus forms
pain on urination or deffecation
incessant crying
concurrent dermatitis on other body parts
recurrent rash
