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OTC > Essential nutrients and vitamins > Flashcards

Essential nutrients and vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

What are vitamins

A

they are a compound that cannot be made by the body in sufficient amounts
necessary for the body to function

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2
Q

What is a mineral

A

an element that can not be made by the body in sufficient amounts
necessary for the body to function

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3
Q

What is the dietary supplement verification program

A

ensures dietary supplements meet specific requirements to recieve USP mark
-proper ingredients and amounts
-effective drug delivery
-absence of harmful contaminants
-safe, sanitary, and well-controlled manufacturing

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4
Q

What is the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)

A

gold standard set of reference values established under the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine
seven reference values that examine the nutrient intakes of healthy people

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5
Q

What is the percentage of daily value (%DV)

A

set by the FDA to use on food and dietary supplement labeling and based on DRI

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6
Q

What are fat soluble vitamins

A

vitamins soluble in lipids and absorption is facilitated by bile
stored in body tissues

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7
Q

When would deficiencies of fat soluble vitamins occur

A

when conditions are present that compromise fat absorption such as celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, etc…

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8
Q

What are the 4 fat soluble vitamins

A

Vit A, D, K, E

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9
Q

What is the function of Vit A

A

vision, bones, immune system, cell division

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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a vit A deficiency

A

blindness
decreased immune function
skin effects
impaired appetite

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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Vit A toxicity

A

headache
double vision
nausea and vomiting
vertigo
fatigue and drowsiness
bone fractures

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12
Q

What is the function of Vit D

A

calcium balance
bone structure

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13
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of Vit D deficiency

A

rickets
osteopenia
fractures
falls

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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of toxicity

A

anorexia
hypercalcemia
soft tissue calcification
kidney stones
renal failure
increased cancer risk

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15
Q

What is the function of vitamin E

A

antioxidant
protects cell membranes

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16
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of deficiency

A

peripheral neuropathy
muscle weakness
hemolytic anemia

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17
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of toxicity

A

increased risk of congestive heart failure
hemorrhagic stroke
fetal loss when given for preeclampsia

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18
Q

What is the function of Vit K

A

synthesis of clotting factors

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19
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of Vit K deficiency

A

impaired cognition

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20
Q

What are water soluble vitamins and what are all of them

A

vitamins not stored in the body
B1
B2
B3
B5
B6
B9
B12
Vit C

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21
Q

What is the function of Vit B1

A

cofactor for metabolism
myocardial function
nerve cell function
carbohydrate metabolism

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22
Q

What are the signs of vit B1 deficiency

A

beriberi
encephalopathy
peripheral neuropathy
cardiac dysfunction

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23
Q

What is the function of vit B2

A

cellular growth
maintenance of vision
integrity of cell membranes
redox rxn of P450

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24
Q

What are the signs of vit B2 deficiency

A

light sensitivity
eye fatigue
sore mouth
seborrheic dermatitis

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25
Q

What is the function of vit B3

A

cofactor for NADP rxm

26
Q

What are the signs of vit B3 deficiency

A

dermatitis
diarrhea
dementia
neuropathy
red/beefy tongue

27
Q

What are the signs of vit B3 toxicity

A

GI symptoms
hepatotoxicity
skin lesions
tachycardia
hypertension

28
Q

What is the function of vit B5

A

precursor for coenzyme A

29
Q

What are the signs of vit B5 deficiency

A

somnolence
fatigue
leg muscle weakness
hand and feet paresthesia

30
Q

What are the signs of vit B5 toxicity

A

diarrhea
water retention

31
Q

What is the function of vit B6

A

formation of proteins, amino acids and neurotransmitters

32
Q

What are the signs of vit B6 deficiency

A

infants: irritability and convulsions
adults: dermatitis, oral lesions, peripheral neuropathy

33
Q

What are the signs of vit B6 toxicity

A

severe sensory neuropathy
prolactin inhibitions

34
Q

What is the function of vit B9

A

cell division
DNA production
brain/spinal cord development

35
Q

What are the signs of a vit B9 deficiency

A

impaired cell division and protein synthesis
sore mouth
diarrhea
cns symptoms
megaloblastic anemia

36
Q

What is the function of vit B12

A

RBC and DNA synthesis
neurologic function

37
Q

What are the signs of a vit B12 deficiency

A

macrocytic anemia
GI tract epithelial changes
neurologic symptoms

38
Q

What is the function of Vit C

A

antioxidant and cofactor for collagen and prostaglandin metabolism
reduces ferric iron to ferrous iron

39
Q

What are the signs of a Vit C deficiency

A

scurvy
fatigue
impaired wound healing
capillary hemorrhaging/weakening collagen structures

40
Q

What are the signs of toxicity

A

nausea
stomach cramps
diarrhea
nephrolithiasis

41
Q

Where are minerals present in the body

A

present through out the body in every tissue
*incorporated in enzymes or hormones or vitamins
*function as free ions

42
Q

What are minerals used for in the body

A

mainly used for regulation

43
Q

What is the function of iron

A

oxygen and electron transport

44
Q

What are the signs of an iron deficiency

A

pallor
fatigue
split nails
SOB with exertion
hypochromic microcytosis

45
Q

What are the signs of iron toxicity

A

abdominal pain
vomiting
diarrhea
electrolyte imbalance
shock
cardiovascular collapse

46
Q

What is the function of magnesium

A

bone formation
enzyme function
maintenance of nerve and muscle electrophysiology
potassium transport

47
Q

What are the signs of a magnesium deficiency

A

neuromuscular irritability
increased CNS stimulation
delirium
convulsions

48
Q

What are the signs of Magnesium toxicity

A

diarrhea
muscle weakness
lethargy
sedation
diminished deep tendon reflexes
hypotension
dysrhythmia

49
Q

What is the function of phosphorous

A

bone structure
phospholipids
DNA/RNA
ATP
buffer system

50
Q

what are the signs of phosphorous deficiency

A

weakness
anorexia
malaise
pain
bone loss

51
Q

what are the signs of phosphorous toxicity

A

diarrhea
stomach pain

52
Q

What is the function of calcium

A

activates enzymes for acetylcholine synthesis
cell membrane integrity and function
muscle function
activates clotting factors
major component of bones and teeth

53
Q

What are the signs of calcium deficiency

A

convulsions
bone and teeth deformities
behavior and mood disorders

54
Q

What are the signs of calcium toxicity

A

renal stones
anorexia
N/V
constipation
polyuria
deposition of calcium in soft tissues

55
Q

What is the calcium requirements for men

A

Age < 70 1000mg daily
Age > 70 1200mg daily

56
Q

What is the calcium requirement for women

A

Age < 50 1000mg daily
Age > 50 1200mg daily

57
Q

What populations are at risk for deficiencies

A

infants and children
pregnancy
older adults
malabsorptive states
alcoholism/drug abuse
cystic fibrosis
certain medications

58
Q

What supplements should be considered for infants and children

A

vit A
multivitamin

59
Q

What supplements should be considered for pregnant people

A

folic acid
vit D
calcium
iron

60
Q

What supplements should be considered for older adults

A

vit B12
vit D
calcium

61
Q

What supplements should be considered for those with alcoholism and drug abuse

A

water soluble vitamins

62
Q
A

OTC (33 decks)

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