Functional foods and meal replacements Flashcards
What are functional foods
part food and part drug
provides health benefits in addition to basic nutrition
What is allowed to be in a health claim per the FDA
reduction of disease risk
*can not make any claims that it will cure or be used as treatment of condition
What are the 3 subtypes of health claims
authorized
authoritative
qualified
What is a structure/function claim
effect that food has on body structure or function such as it improves, promotes or supports some function of the body
What are the 5 functional food categories
- health claims
- structure/function claim
- special dietary use
- medical foods
- specified conventional foods
What falls into the special dietary use category
supply particular dietary need
supplement/fortify usual diet
does NOT meet general dietary needs
What falls under the medical foods category
prescribed by MD and used under medical supervision
can be sold without MD order
specially formulated to meet nutritional requirements of a conditions
What is a specified conventional food
catchall for what doesn’t fit into categories 1-4
*usually no clinical trials, weak evidence
Apples and decreased risk of cancers
What are the 5 points of an authorized health claim
- publication of FDA regulation and extensive literature review + scientific agreement that food/nutrient and disease relationship is well-established
- reduction of disease risk and required to use words “may” or “might”
3.label must state that condition depends on many factors so that people don’t think the food is the only important aspect for disease management - no claim allowed if more than 13 g fat, 4 g sat fat, 60 mg chol or 480 mg Na per serving
- not allowed for children younger than 2
What is an authoritative health claim
mfg makes claim based on authoritative statement from scientific body of US government which has responsibility to protect public health or the US gov’t body does research related to nutrition
What is a qualified health claim
claims made under emerging evidence and wording indicates limited evidence
What are the 4 types of fiber
dietary fiber: roughage or bulk
Functional fiber: carbohydrates extracted from plant or animal sources then added to supplement food/drinks
soluble fiber: slows digestion and prolongs time to absorb glucose from foods
insoluble fiber: hydrates and helps move waste thru intestines
What is the recommended daily intake of fiber in the US
14 grams total fiber per 1000 calories consumed
How do you increase fiber intake
Slowly add 1-2 servings of high fiber foods every few days
What are the main side effects of fiber
bloating
gas
diarrhea
How do you manage the side effects of fiber
increase daily water consumption
careful with carbonated beverage intake
careful with excessive gum chewing
Who should be cautious with fiber intake
people with poor GI motility/dysfunction
those with narcotic dysmotility
What are the benefits of fiber
improved bowel function
decreased CHD risk
blood glucose effects
weight loss/maintenance
Does medical food require supervision from an MD
yes
What is enteral formula
semisynthetic liquid formulas for oral consumption or provision through feeding tube
Who would use enteral formula
those who have trouble swallowing
those losing a lot of weight from diseases
patients with impaired digestion
What are the types of enteral formulas
polymeric
oligomeric
modular
specialty
Who would use a polymeric enteral formula
those with a normal digestive capacity
contains macronutrients
*boost or ensure
What is an oligomeric enteral formula
requires minimal digestion
contains free amino acids, hydrolyzed protein and less complex carbs
*not very palatable
What is a modular enteral formula
single macronutrient
*protein powder is an example
What is a specialty enteral formula
optimize the nutrition of health conditions such as kidney insufficiency, diabetes or liver dysfunction
*not for every one with these conditions
**require medical supervision
