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OTC > Acne Vulgaris and Scaly Dermatoses > Flashcards

Acne Vulgaris and Scaly Dermatoses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general causes of acne vulgaris

A

genetics
gender
western diet

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2
Q

What is the common name for the closed comedo

A

whitehead

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3
Q

What is the common name for the open comedo

A

blackhead

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4
Q

What is the common cause of a black head

A

cells and sebum accumulate behind plug and the opening of follicular canal becomes distended and the plug protrudes

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5
Q

What is a papule

A

raised, reddened area

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6
Q

What is a pustule

A

raised, reddened area filled with pus

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7
Q

What is a nodule

A

small solid/hard bump under the skin
skin toned or reddened
painful to touch

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8
Q

What is a cyst

A

large, red, deep and filled with pus
painful

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9
Q

What is considered mild acne vulgaris

A

few papules
occasional pustules and/or comedones
ammenable to non Rx products

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of moderate acne vulgaris

A

many papules and pustules
prominent scaring can occur
*treatment depends on whether closer to mild or moderate acne

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11
Q

what are the characteristics of severe acne vulgaris

A

extensive papules and pustules
multiple nodules on inflamed background
*immediate refer

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12
Q

What are exacerbating factors of acne vulgaris

A

mechanical
picking or scrubbing
chlorine
hydration
occupational
stress
medications
hormones
cosmetics

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13
Q

What is rosacea

A

inflammation of skin on the central face
termed adult acne because onset occurs during adulthood and it looks like acne but it is not

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of rosacea

A

facial reddening
spider web vasculature occuring
solid red papules or pustule
NO comedones

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15
Q

What are the aggravating factors of rosacea

A

alcohol
friction
exercise

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16
Q

Should you self treat rosacea

A

no, pt should be referred to treat with RX to relieve symptoms and prevent progression

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17
Q

What are the goals of treatment when it comes to acne

A

eliminate visible lesion
maintenance to prevent reoccurrence
improve quality of life

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18
Q

What are the exclusions for self-treatment of acne vulgaris

A

mod-severe acne
exacerbating factors like medications
pregnant or lactating
possible rosacea

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19
Q

When should someone be reffered after trying self-treamtent

A

tried benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid for 6 weeks and haven’t seen improvement
adapalene used for 8-12 weeks and hasn’t seen improvement

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20
Q

What nonpharmacologic options should someone do to help with acne

A

minimize exacerbating factors: use water-based cosmetics, wash oily hair often, do not pick or squeeze lesions
stay hydrated
consider diet changes

cleanse skin: up to 2x daily and after perspiring with warm water and mild soap or nonsoap cleanser

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21
Q

What physical treatments can someone use for acne

A

mechanical: brushes, heating devices, scrubs, cleansing cloths
comedone extraction: self-applied acrylate glue-based strips, professional
light: visible, pulsed dye laser, photodynamic

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22
Q

What is adapalene

A

it is a retinoid that is the first-line topical treatment for mild-mod acne vulgaris
comedolytic
keratolytic
anti-inflammatory

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23
Q

What is the time it takes to start seeing a benefit from adapalen

A

1-2 weeks to start seeing effect
8-12 weeks for full effect

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24
Q

What are the adverse effects of adapalene

A

redness
scaling
dryness
itching
burning

25
What is the MOA of benzoyl peroxide
antibacterial comedolytic keratolytic
26
When is benzoyl peroxide used for acne vulgaris
mild acne in adults and pediatrics
27
How long does it usually take to see the benefit from using benzoyl peroxide
5 days to 3 weeks max effect in 8-12 weeks
28
How shoudl benzoyl peroxide be used
avoid cuts, scrapes, mucous membranes use small amount at first lowest concentration on small areas first gradually increase contact time by 15 minute increments use 1 time a day for 1-2 weeks and gradually increase to 2- 3 times a day may increase strength of product weekly
29
What are the adverse effects of benzoyl peroxide
transient stinging or burning drying peeling erythema edema may bleach hair or clothes photosensitivity rare allergic contact dermatitis
30
What is the MOA of salicylic acid
comedolytic anti-inflammatory
31
What is the dosing of salicylic acid
use 1-3 times a day
32
What is the efficacy of salicylic acid
milder, less effective alternative to tretinoin
33
What are the adverse effects of salicylic acid
dryness peeling some drug interactions salicylic acid toxicity contraindicated in diabetes and those with poor blood circulation
34
What is the MOA of sulfur for acne vulgaris
antibacterial keratolytic
35
What is the dosing for sulfur for acne
apply thin film 1-3 times a day
36
What adverse reactions happen with the use for sulfur for acne
chalky yellow color unpleasant odor dry skin may be comedogenic if used too often
37
What is the MOA of sulfur-resorcinol
antibacterial keratolytic
38
What is the efficacy of sulfur resorcinol over just sulfur
resorcinol increases effects of sulfur *resorcinol is not effective as a monotherapy
39
What is the MOA of AHA
exfoliate stimulate growth of new smoother skin
40
What is the administration of AHA
be found in cleansers, creams, lotions and cleansing cloths use once acne is controlled can use up to daily as tolerated but start with every week or two to start
41
What is the MOA of tea tree oil
antibacterial anti-inflammatory
42
How do you administer tea tree oil to skin
*buy 100% pure tea tree oil wash skin patch test to make sure tolerate apply directly as spot treatment dilute down to make a skin treatment and leave on for a few hours or overnight
43
What oral supplements have shown some efficacy in helping with acne
zinc: acts as a bacteriostatic for C.acnes Vit A: naturally occurring retinol *few studies validate benefit Nicotinamide: anti-inflammatory, decreases sebum production
44
What is scaly dermatoses
scaling of the skin erythema and inflammation dandruff, seborrhea and psoriasis fall into this category
45
What is dandruff
chronic, mild inflammatory scalp condition of excessive scaling appears at puberty and peaks in early adulthood occurs equally in males and females
46
What is the pathophysiology of dandruff
hyperproliferative epidermal conditions accelerated epidermal cell turnover(2x the normal rate) irregular keratin breakup caused by malassezia species of yeast exacerbated during puberty, times of stress and cold temps
47
What are the signs and symptoms of dandruff
scales of large white or grey flakes itching dryness tightness irritation
48
What are the goals when treating dandruff
reduce epidermal turnover rate by decreasing malassezia yeast minimize cosmetic embarrassment minimize itch
49
What is the approach to treating dandruff
wash with a non-medicated shampoo every 1-2 days African Americans should shampoo with non-medicated shampoo once a week
50
What is the correct administration of medicated shampoos
massage into scalp for 3-5 minutes with a scalp scrubber use daily for 1 week then 2-3 times weekly for 2-3 weeks then 2-3 times weekly for 1-2 weeks
51
What is seborrheic dermatitis
chronic inflammation of the sebaceous gland also known as cradle cap generally affects infants more common in males that females more severe in winter and in places of low humidity
52
What is the cause of seborrheic dermatitis
malassezia yeast increased epidermal proliferation up to 3 times the normal rate increased sebaceous gland activity
53
What are the signs and symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis
dull, yellowish, oily, scales on reddened skin well defined plaques itchiness is common more commonly seen on scalp on darker skinned individuals hypopigmentation can occur
54
What is the treatment goal with cradle cap
reduce malassezia species and reduce inflammation minimize redness and scaling minimize itch
55
What is the treatment recommendation of cradle cap in infants
gently massage scalp with baby oil then nonmedicated shampoo refer if no response
56
What is the treatment recommendation of adults with cradle cap
massage scalp with nonmedicated shampoo, mineral oil, olive oil, or dishwashing liquid to remove scales African Americans: shampoo once weekly contact scalp with medicated shampoo and scalp scrubber and scrub for 5 minutes and repeat application use daily for 1-2 weeks then 2-3 times weekly for 4 weeks and then weekly
57
When should a patient with seborrheic dermatitis be referred
less then 2 years old no response to topical steroid after 7 days worsening or no improvement after 2 weeks
58

OTC (33 decks)

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