Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OTC > Acne Vulgaris and Scaly Dermatoses > Flashcards

Acne Vulgaris and Scaly Dermatoses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general causes of acne vulgaris

A

genetics
gender
western diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the common name for the closed comedo

A

whitehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the common name for the open comedo

A

blackhead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the common cause of a black head

A

cells and sebum accumulate behind plug and the opening of follicular canal becomes distended and the plug protrudes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a papule

A

raised, reddened area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a pustule

A

raised, reddened area filled with pus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a nodule

A

small solid/hard bump under the skin
skin toned or reddened
painful to touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a cyst

A

large, red, deep and filled with pus
painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is considered mild acne vulgaris

A

few papules
occasional pustules and/or comedones
ammenable to non Rx products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the characteristics of moderate acne vulgaris

A

many papules and pustules
prominent scaring can occur
*treatment depends on whether closer to mild or moderate acne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the characteristics of severe acne vulgaris

A

extensive papules and pustules
multiple nodules on inflamed background
*immediate refer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are exacerbating factors of acne vulgaris

A

mechanical
picking or scrubbing
chlorine
hydration
occupational
stress
medications
hormones
cosmetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is rosacea

A

inflammation of skin on the central face
termed adult acne because onset occurs during adulthood and it looks like acne but it is not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the symptoms of rosacea

A

facial reddening
spider web vasculature occuring
solid red papules or pustule
NO comedones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the aggravating factors of rosacea

A

alcohol
friction
exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Should you self treat rosacea

A

no, pt should be referred to treat with RX to relieve symptoms and prevent progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the goals of treatment when it comes to acne

A

eliminate visible lesion
maintenance to prevent reoccurrence
improve quality of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the exclusions for self-treatment of acne vulgaris

A

mod-severe acne
exacerbating factors like medications
pregnant or lactating
possible rosacea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When should someone be reffered after trying self-treamtent

A

tried benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid for 6 weeks and haven’t seen improvement
adapalene used for 8-12 weeks and hasn’t seen improvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What nonpharmacologic options should someone do to help with acne

A

minimize exacerbating factors: use water-based cosmetics, wash oily hair often, do not pick or squeeze lesions
stay hydrated
consider diet changes

cleanse skin: up to 2x daily and after perspiring with warm water and mild soap or nonsoap cleanser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What physical treatments can someone use for acne

A

mechanical: brushes, heating devices, scrubs, cleansing cloths
comedone extraction: self-applied acrylate glue-based strips, professional
light: visible, pulsed dye laser, photodynamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is adapalene

A

it is a retinoid that is the first-line topical treatment for mild-mod acne vulgaris
comedolytic
keratolytic
anti-inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the time it takes to start seeing a benefit from adapalen

A

1-2 weeks to start seeing effect
8-12 weeks for full effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the adverse effects of adapalene

A

redness
scaling
dryness
itching
burning

25
Q

What is the MOA of benzoyl peroxide

A

antibacterial
comedolytic
keratolytic

26
Q

When is benzoyl peroxide used for acne vulgaris

A

mild acne in adults and pediatrics

27
Q

How long does it usually take to see the benefit from using benzoyl peroxide

A

5 days to 3 weeks
max effect in 8-12 weeks

28
Q

How shoudl benzoyl peroxide be used

A

avoid cuts, scrapes, mucous membranes
use small amount at first
lowest concentration on small areas first
gradually increase contact time by 15 minute increments
use 1 time a day for 1-2 weeks and gradually increase to 2- 3 times a day
may increase strength of product weekly

29
Q

What are the adverse effects of benzoyl peroxide

A

transient stinging or burning
drying
peeling
erythema
edema
may bleach hair or clothes
photosensitivity
rare allergic contact dermatitis

30
Q

What is the MOA of salicylic acid

A

comedolytic
anti-inflammatory

31
Q

What is the dosing of salicylic acid

A

use 1-3 times a day

32
Q

What is the efficacy of salicylic acid

A

milder, less effective alternative to tretinoin

33
Q

What are the adverse effects of salicylic acid

A

dryness
peeling
some drug interactions
salicylic acid toxicity
contraindicated in diabetes and those with poor blood circulation

34
Q

What is the MOA of sulfur for acne vulgaris

A

antibacterial
keratolytic

35
Q

What is the dosing for sulfur for acne

A

apply thin film 1-3 times a day

36
Q

What adverse reactions happen with the use for sulfur for acne

A

chalky yellow color
unpleasant odor
dry skin
may be comedogenic if used too often

37
Q

What is the MOA of sulfur-resorcinol

A

antibacterial
keratolytic

38
Q

What is the efficacy of sulfur resorcinol over just sulfur

A

resorcinol increases effects of sulfur
*resorcinol is not effective as a monotherapy

39
Q

What is the MOA of AHA

A

exfoliate
stimulate growth of new smoother skin

40
Q

What is the administration of AHA

A

be found in cleansers, creams, lotions and cleansing cloths
use once acne is controlled
can use up to daily as tolerated but start with every week or two to start

41
Q

What is the MOA of tea tree oil

A

antibacterial
anti-inflammatory

42
Q

How do you administer tea tree oil to skin

A

*buy 100% pure tea tree oil
wash skin
patch test to make sure tolerate
apply directly as spot treatment
dilute down to make a skin treatment and leave on for a few hours or overnight

43
Q

What oral supplements have shown some efficacy in helping with acne

A

zinc: acts as a bacteriostatic for C.acnes
Vit A: naturally occurring retinol
*few studies validate benefit
Nicotinamide: anti-inflammatory, decreases sebum production

44
Q

What is scaly dermatoses

A

scaling of the skin
erythema and inflammation
dandruff, seborrhea and psoriasis fall into this category

45
Q

What is dandruff

A

chronic, mild inflammatory
scalp condition of excessive scaling
appears at puberty and peaks in early adulthood
occurs equally in males and females

46
Q

What is the pathophysiology of dandruff

A

hyperproliferative epidermal conditions
accelerated epidermal cell turnover(2x the normal rate)
irregular keratin breakup
caused by malassezia species of yeast
exacerbated during puberty, times of stress and cold temps

47
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of dandruff

A

scales of large white or grey flakes
itching
dryness
tightness
irritation

48
Q

What are the goals when treating dandruff

A

reduce epidermal turnover rate by decreasing malassezia yeast
minimize cosmetic embarrassment
minimize itch

49
Q

What is the approach to treating dandruff

A

wash with a non-medicated shampoo every 1-2 days
African Americans should shampoo with non-medicated shampoo once a week

50
Q

What is the correct administration of medicated shampoos

A

massage into scalp for 3-5 minutes with a scalp scrubber
use daily for 1 week then 2-3 times weekly for 2-3 weeks then 2-3 times weekly for 1-2 weeks

51
Q

What is seborrheic dermatitis

A

chronic inflammation of the sebaceous gland
also known as cradle cap
generally affects infants
more common in males that females
more severe in winter and in places of low humidity

52
Q

What is the cause of seborrheic dermatitis

A

malassezia yeast
increased epidermal proliferation up to 3 times the normal rate
increased sebaceous gland activity

53
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis

A

dull, yellowish, oily, scales on reddened skin
well defined plaques
itchiness is common
more commonly seen on scalp
on darker skinned individuals hypopigmentation can occur

54
Q

What is the treatment goal with cradle cap

A

reduce malassezia species and reduce inflammation
minimize redness and scaling
minimize itch

55
Q

What is the treatment recommendation of cradle cap in infants

A

gently massage scalp with baby oil then nonmedicated shampoo

refer if no response

56
Q

What is the treatment recommendation of adults with cradle cap

A

massage scalp with nonmedicated shampoo, mineral oil, olive oil, or dishwashing liquid to remove scales
African Americans: shampoo once weekly

contact scalp with medicated shampoo and scalp scrubber and scrub for 5 minutes and repeat application
use daily for 1-2 weeks then 2-3 times weekly for 4 weeks and then weekly

57
Q

When should a patient with seborrheic dermatitis be referred

A

less then 2 years old
no response to topical steroid after 7 days
worsening or no improvement after 2 weeks

58
Q
A

OTC (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions