Summits Flashcards
what is the budgetary allocation for the initiative for democratic renewal
$424.4 million
___________ held by joe biden and attended by 110 countries in 2021 is expected to be held annually and in 2022 in person where the countries may showcase the progress made towards their commitments
summit for democracy
the summit is seen as a way to counter growing ____________ influence
chinese
according to ‘freedoms of the world’ india is only
partly free
v-dem(swedish) calls india
an electoral autocracy
india has been lumped with countries like _______________- (similar levels of freedom)
hungary, turkey, phillipines
Summit for Democracy was hosted by the United States to __________________
“to renew democracy at home and confront autocracies abroad”.
Presidential Initiative for Democratic Renewal that will provide foreign assistance initiatives and will be aimed to support
free media, fight corruption, strengthen democratic reforms, for use of technology for democracy and for defence of free and fair elections.
india has mentioned the importance of democracy to its ethos by giving the example of the ancient states of ____ and _________ from 2500 years ago
republican city states of shakya and licchavi
The Summit was centered around three principal themes
Defending against authoritarianism
Addressing and fighting corruption
Advancing respect for human rights
The invitees from the Asia-Pacific region to the Democratic Summit 2021 included
India, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Pakistan, Maldives, and the Philippines.
countries from asia pacific not invited
china bangladesh bhutan sri lanka afghanistan
also additionaly, russia
the summit gathered
heads of state
civil society
philantropists
private sector
which territory does us view as a model democracy even though us doesn’t recognise it as an independent country
taiwan
it was also invited
which nato ally was not invited as the president has been called as an autocrat by biden
turkey
prez - Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
which middle east countries were invited
israel and ira
which middle east countries were invited
israel and ira
did pakistan attend
nope (but was invited)
which african countries were invited
kenya, congo, south africa, niger, nigeria
which is one of the oldest democracies that uses democracy
switzerland (1848, 174 years)
who are us’s traditional arab allies
egypt, jordan, saudi, uae, qatar
india’s categorization in us based freedom houses ‘freedoms of the world’
partly-free
Together with the ____________, India was instrumental in the creation of the UN Democracy Fund (UNDEF) and the Community of Democracies to support democracy at international levels.
Incidentally, India is one of the largest contributors to UNDEF that supports 66 NGO-led projects in South Asia.
US
India also helped to form the ______________-, the only body within the UN system to convene democratic states based on shared values.
United Nations Democracy Caucus
what are the reasons for india’s categorization
anti-muslim amendments to citizenship laws
right violations in kashmir
sedition laws and suppression of dissent
when was the 21st annual india-russia summit held
dec 2021
21st - 2021 (sike)
when and where was the 21st annual india-russia summit held
6 dec 2021
21st - 2021 (sike)
new delhi
when was the last summit held and where
in vladivostok in sept 2019
2020 summit was skipped due to covid
(first in 1999)
The two leaders expressed satisfaction at the sustained progress in the ‘__________________ between both countries despite the challenges posed by the Covid pandemic.
‘Special and Privileged Strategic Partnership’
The two leaders looked forward to greater inter-regional cooperation between various regions of Russia, in particular with the _______________-, with the States of India.
Russian Far-East
what were the two main connectivity projects discussed
International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) and the proposed Chennai - Vladivostok Eastern Maritime Corridor
The Joint Statement is titled
India-Russia: Partnership for Peace, Progress and Prosperity
india and russia cooperate in the fields of
trade, energy, science & technology, intellectual property, outer space, geological exploration, cultural exchange, education, etc.
Prime Minister Modi congratulated Russia for its ongoing chairmanship of the __.
Arctic Council
Chairmanship of the Council rotates every two years. The current chair is Russia, which serves until the Ministerial meeting in 2023. Norway, Denmark, and Sweden have agreed on a set of common priorities for the three chairmanships. They also agreed to a shared secretariat 2006–2013.
Prime Minister Modi for India’s ongoing non-permanent membership of the UN Security Council and successful Presidency of______________ in 2021.
BRICS
india will be be a unsc non-permanent member till
2022 dec
two year term 2021-22
India will sit in the 15-nation UNSC for the 2021-22 term as a non-permanent member — the_____________ time that the country has had a seat on the powerful horseshoe table.
eighth
India will be UNSC President in ____ 2021 and will preside over the council again for a month in 2022.
August
Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations
T. S. Tirumurti
The UNSC is composed of 15 members, 5 permanent and_______non-permanent.
10 non permanent
P5 countries
China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
China became a permanent member of the Security Council from its creation in ________________.
1945
Non-permanent members:
Albania Brazil Gabon Ghana India Ireland Kenya Mexico Norway United Arab Emirates
BRICS is the acronym coined to associate five major emerging economies:
Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa
BRICS was founded on
Founded: June 2006
who is the president and host of the brics fro 2022`
China (2022 host): President Xi Jinping
_________ of the world population, having ____ of the world GDP and over _____ share in the world trade*.
41% of the world population, having 24% of the world GDP and over 16% share in the world trade*.
The theme for India’s Chairship is
‘BRICS @ 15: Intra-BRICS Cooperation for Continuity, Consolidation and Consensus’.
what are the three pillars of intra-brics cooperation
Political and Security
Economic and Financial
Cultural and People to People
the 13th brics summit was held in
The 13th BRICS Summit will be held under India’s Chairship on 09 September 2021. It will be the third time that India will be hosting the BRICS Summit after 2012 and 2016.
As BRICS celebrates its 15th anniversary in 2021, we look back at the journey traversed thus far since the first meeting of BRIC Foreign Ministers on the margins of the UN General Assembly in New York in __________
sept 2006
where does the unga typically meet
The General Assembly meets annually in a regular session that opens on the third Tuesday of September, and runs until the following September. Sessions are held at United Nations Headquarters in New York unless changed by the General Assembly by a majority vote.
during the meet, india nad russia signed _______ agreementd
28
it was agreed that military-technical cooperation would be extended by
10 years
from 2021 to 2031.
RBI and ______ signed a pact to respond to cyber attacks
bank of russia
First Indo-Russia 2+2 Dialogue: It is the first 2+2 meeting between the ___________ ministers of the two countries.
foreign/mea and defense
(IRIGC-M&MTC) meeting was held, when was it established
2000
INDIA-RUSSIA INTER-GOVERNMENTAL COMMISSION ON MILITARY AND MILITARY TECHNICAL COOPERATION
Russia welcomed the “Delhi Declaration on _____–”.
Afghanistan
Russia was getting closer with China on the back of
US sanctions, CAATSA and its annexation of Crimea in 2014.
Currently, the indigenous production under military technical cooperation includes
T – 90 tanks, MiG 29K aircraft, Su – 30 MKI, upgrade of MiG and supply of Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher Smerch.
Currently, the indigenous production under military technical cooperation includes
T – 90 tanks, MiG 29K aircraft, Su – 30 MKI, upgrade of MiG and supply of Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher Smerch.
Both India and Russia are currently developing fifth-generation ______ and ____________-.
Fighter Aircraft
Multi-Role Transport Aircraft
the countries agreed for cooperation on afghanistan at the ______—level
nsa
The regional security dialogue on Afghanistan in New Delhi is being attended by NSA Ajit Doval and his counterparts from five Central Asian countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), along with Russia and Iran. 10-Nov-2021
they agreed to cooperation at multilateral fora, including the UN__
UNSC
since when have defence cooperation agreements been signed between russia and india
1994
Agreement for ____________- Rifles: The two sides signed two contracts for the manufacture of nearly 600,000 AK-203 rifles under a joint venture in ____________, Uttar Pradesh.
Kalashnikov Rifles (AK-203), 6 lakh in number Amethi, UP
india-russia summit is the highest institutionalised __________
dialogue mechanism in the india russia special and privileged strategic partnership (SPSP)
constitution of an india-russia 2+2 ministerial dialogue mechanism was created in the ___th summit
21st summit
russia now the __th country with which india has a 2+2 ministerial dialogue mechanism
4th country
with which countries does india have 2+2 ministerial dialogue mechanism
usa
japan
australia
and now russia
despite diversification who is still india’s largest defense trade partner
russia by 70%
russia has affirmed its unwavering support for a permanent seat in an expanded
UNSC
russia is the only country still willing to give india critical tech like _______
a nuclear submarine
what is the defense partnership agreement called
10 year defence cooperation program
what is the sco
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is an intergovernmental organization founded in Shanghai on 15 June 2001. … Since its inception in 2001, the SCO has mainly focused on regional security issues, its fight against regional terrorism, ethnic separatism and religious extremism.
SCO Secretary-General, and Capital
Zhang Ming, Beijing
Founders:
Russia, China, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan
where and what are the two permanent bodies of the SCO
SCO Secretariat in Beijing, Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) in Tashkent
what is the name of the peace and cooperation treaty signed between india and russia
Indo–Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation
ALSO
1971 Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation
what is the duration of the treaty and when was it renewed
he duration of the treaty was of 20 years and it was renewed for another 20 years on 8 August 1991.
what replaced the treaty post the dissolution of russia on 26 December 1991
Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union it was replaced by a 20-year Treaty of Indo-Russian Friendship and Cooperation during President Yeltsin’s visit to New Delhi in January 1993.
under what conditions was india’s cooperative relationship with russia formed
However, the Pakistani leadership was very well connected, as Yahya Khan had a close personal friendship with American President Richard Nixon and harboured excellent diplomatic relations with Mao’s China. Under these circumstances, Gandhi was very nervous to send an army to East Pakistan.
To her relief, the Soviet leadership was open to negotiations. The ensuing Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, signed in August 1971, was very loose, but sent a strong signal to Washington and Beijing. The treaty was a strong additional incentive for Nixon and Mao to pursue their planned meeting, which took place in February 1972. Eventually, since Nixon needed Brezhnev to end the Vietnam War, frictions between both superpowers were streamlined, which paved the way for the immensely important summit that was convened in Moscow in May 1972.[6] The Soviet Union, now an Indian ally, also intervened in the civil war in Pakistan on behalf of India.
russia supports india bid for permanent membership of the nsg, what is the nsg
The Nuclear Suppliers Group is a multilateral export control regime and a group of nuclear supplier countries that seek to prevent nuclear proliferation by controlling the export of materials, equipment and technology that can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons.
russia and india have agreed on the construction of _____ nuclear power plants in india and the ‘localised manufacturing’ of the russian designed plants
12
when was the supply of crude oil by rosneft to essar finalised
2014, 2015
when was the nsg founded
Founded: May 1974
who are the founders of nsg
Founders: United States, United Kingdom, Russia, Germany, Canada
what is the purpose of nsg
Purpose: Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons; Controlling transfer of nuclear energy
what type of org is nsg
intl org
NOT intergovernmental
how many participating countries does the nsg have
48
how many participating countries does the nsg have
48
who are the candidate participants to the nsg
india
pakistan (supported by china and turkey, applied for membership on 19 May 2016.)
Namibia (applied for NSG membership in 2016)
which major countries support india’s bid to the nsg
us, uk, russia, france, NZ, aus, brazil, mexico, canada, nordic countriesm, SA, turkey
what countries oppose its bid and and what grounds
China has also tied Indian bid to Pakistani bid, blocking the former’s entry repeatedly based on the argument that If India can be let in without signing NPT, then Pakistan should be granted membership as well.
Other countries opposing Indian membership of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) on the basis of NPT non-signatory status of India include New Zealand, Ireland and Austria.
why was the NSG formed
The NSG was founded in response to the Indian nuclear test in May 1974[2] and first met in November 1975. The test demonstrated that certain non-weapons specific nuclear technology could be readily turned to weapons development. Nations already signatories of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) saw the need to further limit the export of nuclear equipment, materials or technology. Another benefit was that non-NPT and non-Zangger Committee nations, then specifically France, could be brought in.
supply of the _________ air defence missile system, ___ frigates and manufacturing of ka-226T are areas of cooperation between the two countries
s-400 triumph, 4 frigates
when was the india-russia strategic partnership estb.
2000
when was it elevated to SPSP
2021
russia and india hold annual exchanges and training exs between their
armies
Rosneft
PJSC Rosneft Oil Company is a Russian integrated energy company headquartered in Moscow. Rosneft specializes in the exploration, extraction, production, refining, transport, and sale of petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products.
Essar Group
Multinational conglomerate companyEssar Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate and construction company, founded by Shashi Ruia and Ravi Ruia in 1969. Essar Global Fund Limited controls a number of assets across the core sectors of energy, infrastructure, metals and mining, and services. EGFL holds nearly 100% stake in all its investments.
HQ - mumbai
rosneft acquired essar ________ refinery in 2017 for $12.9 billion, biggest recent investment by russia
vadinar, gj
when did india russia strategic economic dialogue begin
2018
trade with russia was on a downward trajectory betwen
2013 and 2016
the aim for increase in bilateral investment by 2025 is
$50 billion
the aim for bilateral trade increase by 2025 is
$30 billion
how many india-russia intergovernmental commissions are there
2
what are the two IRIGCs
India-Russia Intergovernmental Commission on Scientific, Technological and Cultural Cooperation (IRIGC-TEC). The 24th session of the IRIGC-TEC is scheduled to be held in India in 2021.
India-Russia Inter-Governmental Commission on Military Technical Cooperation (IRIGC-MTC). (20th Meeting in Delhi, 2021)
Both the countries proposed greater engagements in _____________ and the Indian Ocean Region.
Central Asia
new sectors of economic engagement are likely to emerge —
mining, agro-industrial, and high technology, including robotics, nanotech, and biotech.
Russia’s share in India’s arms imports fell by over ______ in the last five-year period (2016-2020) compared to the previous five years (2011–2015).
50%
In the last 20 years, India imported arms and weapons worth USD ________ from Russia, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute which tracks global arms trade.
35 billion
_______________- (RELOS), as well as a Navy to Navy cooperation MoU are at advanced stages of conclusion.
Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement
__________ organized a trilateral meeting among the foreign ministers of Russia, India, and China following deadly clashes in the Galwan Valley in the disputed territory of Ladakh.
Russia
The 18th meeting of the Foreign Ministers of the Russian Federation, Republic of India and People’s Republic of China will be held in digital video-conference format on 26 November 2021 under the chairmanship of the External Affairs Minister of India, Dr. S. Jaishankar.
Attended by Wang Yi
The Ministers expressed their support to China to host Beijing 2022 _________________– in the RIC Foreign ministers meet.
Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games
what is the RIC grouping
Russia, India, China
agreement on program of mili-tech coooperation duration
2021-2031
