In-China Flashcards
when was the china border law passed
october 23, 2021 in the 31st session of the 13th NPC (national people’s congress) standing committee
who is the chairman of the npc standing com.
Li Zhanshu
when did the new border law take effect
january 1, 2022`
how many countries does china have land border disputes with
2 - india and bhutan( 477 km (296 mi))
indo bhutan border length - 699km
how many countries does china have a land border with and what is the length of its land border
22,457-km land boundaries with 14 countries
13k odd miles
what is the length of the india china border
3,488 kilometres (2,167 mi)
how many articles does the chinese border law contain
62 articles
what is the law called
land boders law
when was an MoU signed between china and __________, with which it has a land border issue to expedite boundary negotiations and a three step plan for the same
october 14
what states does bhutan share a border with
Arunachal Pradesh in its east, Sikkim in the west and Assam and West Bengal in the south.
what states does china share its border with
OR
what are the three divisions of the indo china border (ie, the three divisions of the LAC)
western sector = leh and ladakh
middle sector = himachal, uttar pradesh
eastern sector = sikkim, arunachal pradesh
how many states and UTs does china share its border with
4 states and 1 ut
what is the mcmahon line
the line demarcating the boundary between india and china and myanmar and china, signed between the british and tibetan government.
china disputes its legality as it has not signed the agreement, althought it was part of the shimla conference where it was signed.
when was the mcmahon agreement signed and who were its signatories
signed by Henry McMahon(foreign secretary) on behalf of the British government and Lonchen Shatra on behalf of the Tibetan government
on 24-25 March 1914 at Delhi, as part of the 1914 Simla Convention.
what is the length of the mcmahon line
890 kilometres (550 miles)
from the corner of Bhutan to the Isu Razi Pass on the Burma border, largely along the crest of the Himalayas.
what are some other boundary lines that demarcate the borders of india and china
The Johnson’s line (proposed in 1865) shows Aksai Chin in Jammu and Kashmir i.e. under India’s control whereas McDonald Line (proposed in 1893) places it under China’s control.
the johnson line is accepted by india and the mcdonald line by china
which line separates indian controlled territroy from china controlled territory
Line of Actual Control (LAC)
split in three sectors
china claims aksai chin (rightmost tip of leh and ladakh) to be part of the _______ of china
XUAR
PP
Patrolling Points along the LAC.
1970s, India’s China Study Group identified patrol points to which Indian forces would patrol.
Most patrolling points are close to the LAC. However, in the ___________, the patrolling points are said to remain well inside in LAC, despite having been revised a number of times.
Depsang plains
how many PPs are there
65 stretching between karakoram to chumar
what is within the military referred to as the lines of patrolling/LAC within the LAC/or the actual LA
the patrolling points within the LAC and the routes that join them
(ie joins PP1 to PP2)
PP14
Galwan Valley
PP15
Hot Springs
PP17
Gogra
PP17A
Gogra Post
PP8 - PP9
Depsang Plains
what is the size of the chinese navy
approximately 355 ships and submarines, including approximately more than 145 major surface combatants
where did the galwan valley skirmish occur
in june 15/16 2020, a melee broke out between the two states at PP14, galwan valley. india contended that china entered indian side of lac
what were the resultant fatalities
20 on india’s side and 4 on china’s side, according to india the toll is 43
where are some other friction points in ladakh
hot springs, gogra post, depsang plains (depsang plains - being blocked at the bottleneck from where they are unable to access traditional patrolling points)
what are india’s tradiional patrolling points
PP10, PP11, PP11A, PP12 and PP13.
what are india’s tradiional patrolling points
PP10, PP11, PP11A, PP12 and PP13.
what are india’s tradiional patrolling points
PP10, PP11, PP11A, PP12 and PP13.
what are india’s tradiional patrolling points
PP10, PP11, PP11A, PP12 and PP13.
what are india’s tradiional patrolling points
PP10, PP11, PP11A, PP12 and PP13.
what are the two areas where disengagement is still pending
hotsprings (pp15) and depsang plains (pp8 and pp9)
in ___________ a group of “civillians” have set up tents inside the indian part of the lac and refuse to vacate
demchok
depsang plains is close to the strategically important ___ near the karakoram pass
aulat beg oli range
what is the importance of daulat beg olde in conflict resolution
Daulat Beg Oldi – Tianwendian is the highest of the five officially agreed Border Personnel Meeting points between the Indian Army and the People’s Liberation Army of China for regular consultations and interactions between the two armies, which helps in defusing stand-offs.
what is daulat beg oldi and where is it located
leh, ladakh
Daulat Beg Oldi is a traditional campsite and current military base located in the midst of the Karakoram Range in northern Ladakh, India. It is on the historic trade route between Ladakh and Central Asia, forming the last campsite before reaching the Karakoram Pass.
elevation: 5,100 m
where has disengagement taken place
the two militaries have disengaged from PP14 in Galwan Valley, north and south(?) bank of Pangong Tso, heights of Kailash Range in the Chushul sub-sector, and PP17A near Gogra Post. Both sides have more than 50,000 troops each in the region, along with additional air defence assets, artillery, missiles, tanks and other military equipment.
who is the chairman of the chinese central military commission
president xi jinping
who is the chairman of the chinese central military commission
president xi jinping
who is the chairman of the chinese central military commission
president xi jinping
since when has china’s presence in the depsang plains affecting india’s access to traditional patrollng points
march-april 2020
what was the cause of the cause of the galwan valley skirmish happening on 25 june
china’s objection to india’s construction of a branch the DSDBO road by the BRO close to the lac
when did the skirmism in Muguthang, Naku La, Sikkim occur
may 10
when did the skirmishes expand to the southern shore of Pangong Tso near the Ladakhi village of Chushul.
29–30 August,
when did the first stand off occur
may 5, the first standoff began as a clash between Indian and Chinese soldiers at a beach of Pangong Tso, a lake shared between India and Tibet, China, with the Line of Actual Control (LAC) passing through it.
when were shots fired for the first time in 45 years along the LAC
on sept 7 2020,
india claims china shot first and china that india fired warning shots
what is the DSDBO road
Darbuk–Shyok–DBO Road (DS-DBO Road/DSDBO Road), also called the Sub-Sector North Road, is a strategic all-weather road in eastern Ladakh in India, close to the Line of Actual Control with China. It connects Ladakh’s capital city Leh, via the villages of Darbuk and Shyok at southern Shyok River Valley, with the Daulat Beg Oldi (DBO) post near the northern border.
leh —-> dbo
what is its length and when was it constructed
255 km (158 mi), reduces travel time from 2 days to 6 hours. The 220-km long section between Shyok and DBO was constructed between 2000 and 2019 by India's Border Roads Organisation (BRO).
functional since april 2019
when was the 14th round of corps commander conducted
jan 12 2022
when was the 13th round of corps commander military discussion between china and india about the stand off conducted
10 october 2021
who will lead india’s delegation to the corps commander meeting
Lt Gen Anindya Sengupta, who took over as the commander of the Leh-based XIV Corps last week, will lead the Indian delegation on Wednesday for the first time. Though he was part of the 13th round of discussions in October as well, the meeting was headed by Lt Gen PGK Menon, who was the head of the XIV Corps at the time.
who will lead china’s delegation
Maj Gen Yang Lin, commander of the South Xinjiang Military District.
what is the 2017 doklam standoff
military border standoff between the Indian Armed Forces(suo motu on behalf of bhutan) and the People’s Liberation Army of China over Chinese construction of a road ( road to a Royal Bhutan Army outpost on Zompelri ridge.) in Doklam near a trijunction border area, in Doklam which is disputed between china and bhutan.
what is doklam also called
Donglang, or Donglang Caochang (meaning Donglang pasture or grazing field), in Chinese
when did Chinese troops (with construction vehicles and road-building equipment) begin extending an existing road southward in Doklam, a territory which is claimed by both China as well as India’s ally Bhutan.
16 june 2017
when did the indian troops move into doklam
On 18 June 2017, as part of Operation Juniper, about 270 Indian troops armed with weapons and two bulldozers crossed the Sikkim border into Doklam to stop the Chinese troops from constructing the road.
what is the basis of china’s claim of doklam
1890 Convention of Calcutta between China and Britain,
what other boundary does the 1890 calcutta convention also delineate
sikkim - tibet border, it was later demarcated in 1895 and therefore there is no dispute
which part of china does doklam allegedly belong to
Xigaze area of Tibet, bordering the state of Sikkim.
when was withdrawal or troops announced and completed
28 august 2017
what is the capital of bhutan
thimphu
bhutan currency
Bhutanese ngultrum
subunit:chhetrum
indian rupee is also accepted as legal tender in bhutan
bhutan government system
semi-consitutional monarchy, unitary state with a parliament.
parliamentary system - legislative forms the executive
who is the p
m of bhutan
Lotay Tshering is a Bhutanese politician and physician who is the current Prime Minister of Bhutan, in office since 7 November 2018. He has also been the president of Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa(party) since 14 May 2018.
who is Bhutan’s head of state - Druk Gyalpo (“Dragon King”)
must retire by 65 or can be removed
Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
2006-
publically coronated in 2008
when did bhutan confer its highest civillian award upon modi for his ‘unconditional friendship’ especially during covid (vaacine maitri)
17 dec 2021
what is the bhutanese award called
Ngadag Pel gi Khorlo,
bhutan is a ______________, but not a protectorate of india
protected state
what is a protected state
A state that, although nominally sovereign, is under the protection of another state. Usually the protected state allows the protector full control over its external affairs but retains control over its internal affairs.
what is a protectorate
A protectorate is a state that is controlled and protected by another sovereign state. It is a dependent territory that has been granted local autonomy over most internal affairs while still recognizing the suzerainty of a more powerful sovereign state without being its direct possession. Some agencies of the United States government, such as the United States Environmental Protection Agency, still use the term protectorate to refer to insular areas of the United States such as Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
which country is the largest beneficiary of india’s foreign aid
bhutan
has recieved $4.7 billion between 2000-2017
as per the 2021 budget almost ₹7,100 crore has been set aside for foreign aid and ₹3,005 crore—will go to Bhutan. This amount includes a grant of ₹2,124 crore.(15.1.2022)
in 2019-20 - it was $47 million
previously bhutan was a protectorate of
british india
Bhutan became a protectorate of British India after signing a treaty in 1910 allowing the British to “guide” its foreign affairs and defense.
what is the name of the treaty signed between britain and bhutan in 1910
The Treaty of Punakha was an agreement signed on 8 January 1910, at Punakha Dzong between the recently consolidated Kingdom of Bhutan and British India.
Under the Treaty of Punakha, Britain guaranteed Bhutan’s independence, granted Bhutanese Royal Government an increased stipend, and took control of Bhutanese foreign relations. Although this treaty began the practice of delegating Bhutanese foreign relations to another suzerain, the treaty also affirmed Bhutanese independence as one of the few Asian kingdoms never conquered by a regional or colonial power.
The Treaty of Punakha is not a stand-alone document, but represents a modification of the ________________ of 1865, the prior working agreement between Bhutan and British India.
Treaty of Sinchula
it is just an amendment text, only mentions these amendments, and not the whole treaty
what is the name of the 1949 treaty signed between india and bhutan
india bhutan friendship treaty of 1949
August 8, 1949,
what is the 1949 friendship treaty
Bhutan and India signed the Treaty of Friendship, calling for peace between the two nations and non-interference in each other’s internal affairs. However, Bhutan agreed to let India “guide” its foreign policy(but Bhutan still retained control over foreign policy) and both nations would consult each other closely on foreign and defense affairs. The treaty also established free trade and extradition protocols.
1958 - India and Bhutan were brought closer by occupation of Tibet by China
1959 - There were rumours about Chinese occupation of Sikkim and Bhutan amid which India declared that an attack on Bhutan is an attack on India
when did Bhutan first express its wish to renegotiate parts of the treaty
1972,
joined the UN in 1971, voted independently of india in a name summit and recognised bangladesh in 1972
From 2003 to 2004, the Royal Bhutanese Army conducted operations against anti-India insurgents of the ____________- that were operating bases in Bhutan and using its territory to carry out attacks on Indian soil.
United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA)
when was the treaty renegotiated as India-Bhutan Friendship Treaty
2007
The new treaty replaced the provision requiring Bhutan to take India’s guidance on foreign policy with broader sovereignty and not require Bhutan to obtain India’s permission over arms imports.
hydro power projects in bhutan
India operates three hydro power projects, of 1,416 MW in Bhutan and three more of 2,129 MW are under construction.
what are the two houses of the bhutanese parliament called
upper house - national council
lower house - national assembly
official language
Dzongkha
On _________ India became the first non-socialist bloc country to establish diplomatic
relations with the People’s Republic of China
1 April, 1950
when was the People’s Republic of China founded
1 October 1949
currency china
Currency: Renminbi
Language: Mandarin
who is the president of china
Xi Jinping (Paramount Leader) Xi Jinping is a Chinese politician who has been serving as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission since 2012, and President of the People's Republic of China since 2013. (five years, renewable)
what type of government does china have
communist, socialist state
unitary republic
one-party state
what is the only party in china
chinese communist party - ccp
who is the premier of china
Li Keqiang was endorsed as Chinese premier at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress in Beijing on March 18, 2018. (five years, renewable once)
what are the branches of the chinese government
legislative, executive, military, supervisory, judicial, and procuratorial branches.
who nominates(not elects) the premier
The President acts as a head of state in compliance with decisions made by the NPCSC, but exercises an independent power to nominate the Premier.
what is the highest state organ of china
National People’s Congress (NPC) is the highest state organ, with control over the constitution and basic laws, as well as over the election and supervision of officials of other government organs.
what is the legislative organ of the chinese government
NPC’s Standing Committee (NPCSC) is the permanent legislative organ that adopts most national legislation, interprets the constitution and laws, and conducts constitutional reviews.
what is the executive organ of china and who heads it
State Council, also referred to as the Central People’s Government, is China’s executive organ headed by the Premier of China.
what is the CCP’s Politburo Standing Committee
top leaders of the ccp
what is the judicial organ of china
China’s courts are supervised by the Supreme People’s Court (SPC), which is headed by the Chief Justice - Zhou Qiang.
what is the procuratorial organ
The Supreme People’s Procuratorate (SPP) is responsible for prosecutions and supervises procuracies at the provincial, prefecture, and county levels.
(deals with prosecutions and is lead by the Presecutor General - Zhang Jun)
who is the vice president and what is his role
nothing, just to assist the president.
Wang Qishan
what is the chinese constitution called
Constitution of the People’s Republic of China
Constitution of the People’s Republic of China
The current constitution is the PRC’s fourth promulgation, declared on 4 December 1982, and has served as a stable constitution for 30 years. Under the constitution, the roles of the presidency and the courts were normalized, and all citizens were declared equal. Amendments in 1988, 1993, 1999, 2004, and 2018 recognized private property, safeguarded human rights, and further promoted the non-public sector of the economy.
The legal power of the CCP is guaranteed by the PRC Constitution and its position as the supreme political authority in the People’s Republic of China is realised through its comprehensive control of the state, military, and media.
who were the first president of china and chairman(of the ccp)
Mao Zedong (1949-1976)
how many countries does china have territorial disputed with
17 territorial disputes with its neighbours, on land & sea.
2 with land - india and bhutan
what parts of bhutan does china clain
Which part of Bhutan is taken by China?
In 2020, China actually widened its territorial claims, for the first time bringing in Sakteng in eastern Bhutan into the dispute. Earlier negotiations had dealt with territories in Bhutan’s north and west, including Pasamlung and Jakarlung valleys in the north and Doklam to the west.
what are the administrative regions of china
mainland china -
- 23 provinces
- 5 autonomous regions
- 4 municipalities
+ 2 SARS or special administrative regions of Hong KOng and Macau
what is the 23rd province of china according to PRC
Taiwan or ROC, which rejects this claim
what are the two SARs of china
Macau, and Hong Kong
what are the four municipalities of China
beijing (cn-11)
tianjin (cn-12)
shanghai (cn-31)
chongqing (cn-50)
what is a chinese municipality
A direct-administrated municipality, commonly known as municipality, is the highest level of classification for cities used by the People’s Republic of China. These cities have the same rank as provinces and form part of the first tier of administrative divisions of China. It is an urban unit, containing surrounded by other smaller rural units. Has a Mayor.
what is an autonomous region(each with a designated minority group)
Like Chinese provinces, an autonomous region has its own local government, but under Chinese law an autonomous region has more legislative rights, such as the right to “formulate self-government regulations and other separate regulations.” An autonomous region is the highest level administrative division.
what are the five autonomous regions china
Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR)
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR)
Tibet Autonomous Region - capital (Lhasa)
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region - capital: Urumqi
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR)
what is a special administrative region
Special Administrative Regions (SAR) of the People’s Republic of China are one of the provincial-level administrative divisions of the People’s Republic of China directly under the control of the Central People’s Government. As a region, they possess the highest degree of autonomy from China. However, despite the relative autonomy that the Central People’s Government offers the special administrative regions, the National People’s Congress remains capable of enforcing laws for the special administrative regions.
The Chinese are said to be entrenched ____ inside India-claimed lines on the strategic Depsang Plains.
18km
when was the Agreement on the
Maintenance of Peace and Tranquility along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) on the
India-China Border Areas
september 1993 - narasimha rao’s visit to china under Jiang Zemin
Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement (BPTA or MPTA)
agreeing to maintain the status quo on their mutual border pending an eventual boundary settlement.
______________________-, 1996, pursuant to the 1993 agreement, incrementally details the military confidence building measures to be implemented that would ensure no-war.
Agreement on Military Confidence Building Measures, 1996
_______________, 2005 further discussed modalities to implement the confidence building measures
Protocol for the Implementation of Military Confidence Building Measures, 2005
the panchsheel agreement is mentioned in the preamble of ___________
the sino-indian agreement of 1954
what is the official name of the sino-indian agreement of 1954
Agreement on Trade and Intercourse Between Tibet Region of China and India
it was the first agreement in which tibet was referred to as ____________
the tibet region of china
what is the sino indian agreement of 1954 also called
panchsheel agreement
what is the panchsheel officially called
Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
(the principles have been adopted into the chinese constitution and several other bilateral treaties of china like afghanistan, burma, pakistan(10 principles), cambodia, etc)
where was the panchsheel signed
Peking, 29 April 1954
what are the five principles in the panchsheel that was proposed by china
- mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty,
- mutual non-aggression,
- mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs,
- equality and co-operation for mutual benefit, and
- peaceful co-existing.
what did the sino indian agreement deal with
establishment of Chinese trade agencies at New Delhi, Calcutta and Kalimpong and Indian trade Agencies at Yatung, Gyantse and Gartok, trade must be conducted at specific places, provisions for pilgrims, certificates and routes allowed to traders. passes allowed for pilgrims. it was to remain in force for 8 years subject to extension and the procedure for extension.
how many points did the bpta contain
5 panchsheel principles + 9 points
It was agreed that the India-China boundary question would be resolved through peaceful means and that an “ultimate solution” to the boundary question existed. Force levels would be regulated and confidence building measures would be developed to maintain peace in areas along the LAC. Military exercises in these areas were also to regulated. Contingencies were to be dealt with peacefully. Air intrusions along LAC were to be minimised. It was also agreed that “the two sides agree that references to the line of actual control in this Agreement do not prejudice their respective positions on the boundary question”. Consultations would be the basis of reducing force levels, maintaining peace and as a way forward. The agreement mentioned the “India-China Joint Working Group on the boundary question”. The agreement created a group of diplomatic and military experts (later referred to as the “India-China Diplomatic and Military Expert Group”) to assist the Joint Working Group in “resolution of differences between the two sides on the alignment of the line of actual control”.
India China border agreements
1988: India-China Joint Working Group on the boundary question
Confidence building measures
1993: Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement
1996: Agreement on Military Confidence Building Measures
2005: Protocol for the Implementation of Military Confidence
Building Measures
Political measures
2003: Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation
2005: Agreement on the Political Parameters and Guiding
Principles for the Settlement of the India-China Boundary
Question
2012: Agreement on the Establishment of a Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India-China Border Affairs
2013: Border Defence Cooperation Agreement
2020: 5 point statement
when did china occupy tibet
invaded in 1949
what are the regions of india included in the new chinese map
China’s new map includes the whole state of Arunachal Pradesh, the Barahoti Plains in Uttarakhand, and regions in Ladakh up to the 1959 Claim Line.
1959 claim line
the claim of border lines in 1959 under premier enlai, who rejected the simla convention’s mcmahon line calling it an act of british aggression.
(https://static.theprint.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/WhatsApp-Image-2020-09-30-at-17.51.55.jpeg?compress=true&quality=80&w=800&dpr=1.0)
what does the law stipulate
“…strengthen border defence, support economic and social development as well as opening-up in border areas, improve public services and infrastructure in such areas, encourage and support people’s life and work there, and promote coordination between border defence and social, economic development in border areas”.
what does the law stipulate
“…strengthen border defence, support economic and social development as well as opening-up in border areas, improve public services and infrastructure in such areas, encourage and support people’s life and work there, and promote coordination between border defence and social, economic development in border areas”.
what does the law stipulate
“…strengthen border defence, support economic and social development as well as opening-up in border areas, improve public services and infrastructure in such areas, encourage and support people’s life and work there, and promote coordination between border defence and social, economic development in border areas”.
what does the law stipulate
“…strengthen border defence, support economic and social development as well as opening-up in border areas, improve public services and infrastructure in such areas, encourage and support people’s life and work there, and promote coordination between border defence and social, economic development in border areas”.
Article 7 says:
“Under the leadership of the Central Military Commission, relevant military organs shall organise, guide and coordinate the defence and control of land borders, maintain social stability, handle emergencies and cooperate in border defence and other related work.”
Article 7 says:
“Under the leadership of the Central Military Commission, relevant military organs shall organise, guide and coordinate the defence and control of land borders, maintain social stability, handle emergencies and cooperate in border defence and other related work.”
China has already built hundreds of border villages - by some counts more than ________- across the country’s borders in Tibet.
600
Article 43 of the law says:
“The state supports the construction of border towns, improves the system of border towns, improves the functions of border towns and strengthens the construction of supporting capacity.”
__________, chairman of the NPC Standing Committee, presided over the closing meeting of the 31st session of the 13th NPC Standing Committee, where the border law was approved and signed into law by the president on 23 October 2021.
Li Zhanshu
china renamed 15 places in arunachal pradesh in 2021. when was this done?`
30 december
what is arunachal pradesh called according to china
south tibet
what is china’s state media agency called
xinhua
China’s Ministry of Civil Affairs announced that it had “standardised” in Chinese characters and Tibetan and Roman alphabets the names of 15 places in what it refers to as__________, the ‘southern part of Xizang’, as it calls the Tibet Autonomous Region.
‘Zangnan’
what does china call tibet
xizang
The border law states:
The border law states: “The State (China) and its land neighbours shall, in accordance with delimitation treaties, delineate land borders on the spot and conclude demarcation treaties. Boundary demarcation treaties shall be approved by the State Council in accordance with legal provisions.”
how many townships or residential areas has china renamed in arunachal pradesh
8
how many mountains have been renamed
4
how many rivers have been renamed
2
how many mountain passes have been renamed
1
this is not the first time that places in arunachal pradesh have been ‘standardised’, previously 6 places in china have been renamed in ____
2017
In 2017, China had Sinicised the names of six places in Arunachal Pradesh. At that time, it was seen as retaliation against the Dalai Lama’s visit to the state.
Beijing lays claims over _____ of territory in Arunachal Pradesh of India but New Delhi has consistently rejected the claim.
90,000 sq km
china has launched a bullet train from tibet to _____, a border town near arunachal pradesh
nyingchi
which did china first lay claim to arunachal pradesh
In 2006, the Chinese ambassador to India claimed that all of Arunachal Pradesh is Chinese territory amidst a military buildup. At the time, both countries claimed incursions as much as a kilometre at the northern tip of Sikkim. In 2009, India announced it would deploy additional military forces along the border. In 2014, India proposed China should acknowledge a “One India” policy to resolve the border dispute.
operation snow leopard
15th June 2020
The Indian Army launched Operation Snow Leopard after China failed to move back and restore status quo ante in eastern Ladakh. Col Santosh Babu was awarded Mahavir Chakra posthumously for resisting Chinese Army attack in Galwan valley in Ladakh sector during Operation Snow Leopard.
indian army has raised a new aviation brigade in the eastern sector of the lac at
missamari air base, near tezpur assam
what is the primary function of the brigae
isr, intel, surveillance and reconnaissance
the new brigate the aviation corps will now be in UAVs - unmanned aviation vehicles as all drone operations have been moved to them from
the Artillery
____________ is referred to as the wild west in military circles due to large swathes of land where it is impossible to deploy soldiers everywhere
eastern ladakh
what is the length of the northern sector of the lac and which army contingent looks after it
nearly 1500 km
one division of leh based 14 corps takes care of both pak and tibet border areas
length of eastern sector and who looks after it
1346 km
. This command has three corps – 33 Corps (Sikkim), 4 Corps (Kameng Sector, arunachal, tezpur based) and 3 Corps (Rest of Arunachal Pradesh, dimapur based) to handle the LAC.
india and china share the largest disputed
intl border
what is the shortest sector of ladakh
In this sector, India shares about a 545 km long boundary with China which runs along the watershed from Ladakh to Nepal.
Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand touch this border with Tibet (China) in this sector. Both sides do not have much disagreement over the border in this area.
it also contains the doklam plateau - 55 miles (89km)
india claims ______________ of chinese controlled territory
near ladakh including aksai chin - 38,000sqkm
Chinese (Pinyin)
china claims ______________ of indian controlled territory
90,000sqkm
arunachal pradesh or to them south tibet
what is the altitute of the india china border
6, 500 metres or 21,000 feet above sea level
