China Flashcards
what is an eez
An Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a concept adopted at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea - UNCLOS (1982), whereby a coastal State assumes jurisdiction over the exploration and exploitation of marine resources in its adjacent section of the continental shelf, taken to be a band extending 200 miles from the shore.
south china sea is an arm of the _________ ocean
western pacific ocean
south china sea is connected with the east china sea
taiwan strait (also separates asia from taiwan)
strait - a narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two other large areas of water.
“the Straits of Gibraltar”
what connects the south china sea with the phillipines
OR
_____, the main deep channel connecting the South China Sea with the Pacific Ocean, lies between Taiwan and the Philippines and has a depth of about 8,500 feet (2,600 metres).
the luzon strait
what are most important marine islands, etc in the south china sea
paracel islands. spratly islands, scarborough shoal
what are the countries that form a boundary with the SCS (south china sea)
Brunei, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.
45% of maritime trade passes through the south china sea that connects the _____ oceans and therefore the ____ continents
pacific and indian ocean, thereby connecting africa and asia with europe
what are the major points of dispute in south china sea
paracel and spratly islands
what are the straits in the south china sea that are necessary for the export of oil and lng to china, vietnam, japan, indonesia, s korea etc from the gulf countries
malacca, lombok and sunda strait
strategic importance of the SCS
the malacca is the 2nd busiest strait in terms of volume of oil transportation, as 15 million barrels pass through it everyday. what is the busiest
hormuz strait
between the persian gulf and the gulf of oman
___ billion barrels of crude oil are said to be present in the scs
15 billion (optimistically, there are 200 billion barrels of reserves) large amounts of natural gas are also supposed to be present 190 trillion cubic feet under the seabed
when did unclos come into effect
1994
what is the nine dash line and when did china first come up with it
1949 (some sources also say 1952)
1997, china’s claim of the south china sea that extends 1118 miles from the hainan island to waters off equatorial borneo (because of china’s of claim of it it the past) it extends up to 2000 km from the chinese mainland reaching waters close to malaysia and indonesia
when was the ‘declaration on conduct of parties in the south china sea’ signed and between whom
ASEAN and China in 2002
when was the ‘declaration on conduct of parties in the south china sea’ signed and between whom
ASEAN and China in 2002
in 2013 _______- filed an arbitration case challenging china’s historical claim and another actions in the SCS
phillipines
under which law was this suit filed
UNCLOS, 1994
under annex 7
when did the parties to the dispute ratify the unclos
UNCLOS, ratified by the Philippines in 1984 and by the PRC in 1996
where was the case filed
Permanent Court of Arbitration
in whose favour did the PCA rule
On 12 July 2016, the special arbitral tribunal ruled in favor of the Philippines on most of its submissions. It clarified that while it would not “rule on any question of sovereignty over land territory and would not delimit any maritime boundary between the Parties”, China’s historic rights claims over the maritime areas (as opposed to land territories and territorial waters) inside the “nine-dash line” have no lawful effect if they exceed what’s entitled to under UNCLOS. China has rejected the ruling, as have Taiwan and Brunei.
how do other countries feel about it
As of August 2, 2021, nine governments have publicly called for the ruling to be respected, 33 have issued generally positive statements noting the verdict but have stopped short of calling for the parties to abide by it, and eight have publicly rejected it.
when did india accept and introduce its eex
Indian Parliament extended constitutional recognition to the new concept of the EEZ in May 1976.
the spratly islands and paracels are disputed between ____ and ________ on grounds of
china and vietnam (raised claim in 1970’s after deterioration of relations) (vietnam - claims the country ruled over the islands since 17th century and has documents)
malaysia claims southern parts of spratly because it falls under its border (claim is legally valid) brunei claims it under its eez.
paracel is claimed by taiwan, vietnam and chine
spratly is claimed by china, taiwan, vietnam, brunei, phillipines
