farmers law Flashcards
every percentage point increase in the MSP leads to a _____ basis point increase in inflation
15
what is the base year for inflation
The base year for WPI is 2011-12 while the base year for CPI is 2012
WPI data is published by the Office of Economic Adviser, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, while CPI data is published by the National Statistical Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
wholesale price index (WPI)
consumer price index (CPI)
when was msp first introduced
1966-
MSP is the minimum support price. It was first introduced in the 1966-67 season (July-June) for wheat, and it now covers 23 crops. It is announced weeks ahead of the Kharif and Rabi sowing seasons. It was introduced to incentivise farmers to grow food crops when India faced a shortage of foodgrains.
what was the first crop for which msp was introduced
wheat (kharif crop)
how many crops have msps and how many are procured in lage quantities
23 crops
wheat and rice
what is the green revolution
The Green Revolution was a period when agriculture in India was converted into an industrial system due to the adoption of modern methods and technology, such as the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers.
when did the green revolution begin
1960’s
The Green Revolution started in 1965 with the first introduction of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds in Indian agriculture. This was coupled with better and efficient irrigation and the correct use of fertilizers to boost the crop.
The Green revolution started in India started with its introduction in Punjab in 1966. It was part of a development program that was issued by the government of India along with international donor agencies.
when did the green revo. occur on a global revolution
The Green Revolution, or the Third Agricultural Revolution (after the Neolithic Revolution and the British Agricultural Revolution), is the set of research technology transfer initiatives occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production in parts of the world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s.
why is ms swaminathan called the father of the green revo.
In 1961, India was on the brink of mass famine. Norman Borlaug was invited to India by the adviser to the Indian Minister of Agriculture Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. Despite bureaucratic hurdles imposed by India’s grain monopolies, the Ford Foundation and Indian government collaborated to import wheat seed from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). The state of Punjab was selected by the Indian government to be the first site to try the new crops because of its reliable water supply, the presence of Indus plains which make it one of the most fertile plains on earth, and a history of agricultural success. India began its own Green Revolution program of plant breeding, irrigation development, and financing of agrochemicals.
India soon adopted ____—a semi-dwarf rice variety developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and dubbed the “Miracle Rice.”
IR8
IR8 was also developed into Semi-dwarf IR36.
the government hold at least _________ of rice and wheat stocks in federal reserves while food security norms require 41.1 million tonnes in july and 30.7 million tonnes in october,
70 miliion
as per the nss - national sample survey what percentage of wheat and rice growers recieve msp
- 5% paddy growers
16. 2% of wheat growers
what was the initial price of wheat msp
₹54 per quintal
can msp be changed
msp once announced cannot be altered but it is not legally bounding on the government to pay msp
what is the CACP when was it formed
Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices
Formed: 1 January 1965
the government fixes the MSP twice a year under the recommendations of
the cacp which submits reports recommending the prices of crops during the rabi and kharif crops
the msp must be at least ___________ the cost of production
1.5 times the production costs (at least 50% profit)
cacp a statutory body draws its power from
CACP is a statutory body formed under Agriculture Price Commission Act, 1962.
contribution of agriculture to gp
2018-19
17.6
2019-20
18.4
2020-21
20.2
Percentage Share of GVA of Agriculture and Allied sector to Total Economy
2018-19
17.6
2019-20
18.4
2020-21
20.2
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY)
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana is a national mission to improve farm productivity and ensure better utilization of the resources in the country. The budget of ₹53 billion in a time span of one year 2015-2016 has been allocated to this scheme.
The major objective of PMKSY is to achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level, expand cultivable area under assured irrigation, improve on-farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage of water, enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies.
how many people are engaged in agriculture
Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for about 58% of India’s population. Gross Value Added by agriculture, forestry, and fishing was estimated at Rs. 19.48 lakh crore (US$ 276.37 billion) in FY20.
msp is necessary to fullfil the provisions of the _________
nfsa 2013
National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013
Notified on: 10th September, 2013.
Objective: To provide for food and nutritional security in the human life cycle approach, by ensuring access to adequate quantities of quality food at affordable prices to people to live a life with dignity.
Coverage: 75% of the rural population and upto 50% of the urban population for receiving subsidized foodgrains under Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS).
in march 2021 the niti aayog recommended the reduction of coverage to 60% and 40% in rural and urban areas
when was the tpds introduced
In June, 1997, the Government of India launched the Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) with focus on the poor.
Under TPDS, beneficiaries were divided into two categories: Households below the poverty line or BPL; and Households above the poverty line or APL.
what are the provisions of nfsa
5 Kgs of foodgrains per person per month at Rs. 3/2/1 per Kg for rice/wheat/coarse grains.
The existing AAY household will continue to receive 35 Kgs of foodgrains per household per month.
Meal and maternity benefit of not less than Rs. 6,000 to pregnant women and lactating mothers during pregnancy and six months after the child birth.
Meals for children upto 14 years of age.
Food security allowance to beneficiaries in case of non-supply of entitled foodgrains or meals.
Setting up of grievance redressal mechanisms at the district and state level.
what are the provisions of nfsa
5 Kgs of foodgrains per person per month at Rs. 3/2/1 per Kg for rice/wheat/coarse grains.
The existing AAY household will continue to receive 35 Kgs of foodgrains per household per month.
Meal and maternity benefit of not less than Rs. 6,000 to pregnant women and lactating mothers during pregnancy and six months after the child birth.
Meals for children upto 14 years of age.
Food security allowance to beneficiaries in case of non-supply of entitled foodgrains or meals.
Setting up of grievance redressal mechanisms at the district and state level.
What is BPL income limit in India?
Rs 27,000 per annum
As per a methodology approved by the Union Cabinet, the income limit was Rs 27,000 per annum for households to qualify as beneficiaries under BPL.
what are farmers demanding with regards to msp
a law guaranteeing msp to farmers
what is the formula for msp
Cost A2 - These are the costs the farmer actually pays out of his/her pocket for buying various inputs ranging from seeds to fertilisers to pesticides to hired labour to hired machinery or even leased-in land.
Cost A2 +FL - In agriculture, farmers also use a lot of family labour and if their cost is imputed and added to cost A2, that concept is called cost A2+FL.
Cost C2 - the Comprehensive cost (cost C2), it includes imputed costs of family labour, imputed rent of owned land and imputed interest on owned capital added to A2 and FL.
National commission on farmers head by M.S Swaminathan recommended a 50 per cent margin over C2, which is also being the demand of the farmers.
what is the formula for msp
A2: It is the out-of-pocket expenses which is incurred by farmers like a loan for fertilisers, fuel, machinery, irrigation, etc. and cost of leasing land
A2+FL: Is the estimated value of the unpaid labour for harvesting crops like the contribution of family members, etc. In addition, it is paid-out cost.
C2: It is Comprehensive Cost which is the actual cost of production. It takes into account for rent and interest foregone on the land and machinery owned by farmers further in addition to the A2+FL rate.
The ideal formula which is recommended by the Committee to calculate the MSP is:
MSP = C2+ 50% of C2
And the 1.5 times formula to calculate the increased MSP is
1.5 Times MSP Formula = 1.5 times the A2+FL costs
who fixes MSP
the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices
The Indian government sets the price for about two dozen commodities twice a year. MSP is fixed on the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP), an apex advisory body for pricing policy under the Ministry of Agriculture.
farmers have asked for use of the 1.5x times formula on c2 costs
The demand of the farmers is that the 1.5 times MSP formula should be applied on the C2 costs. The Government after considering this stated that the Production Cost is one of the main factors to determine the MSP. Also, the CACP considers all the costs in a comprehensive manner.
To determine the MSP, the CACP considers both C2 and A2+FL costs. For return, the CACP considers the A2+FL formula and C2 formula as a benchmark reference costs which makes sure that the MSP covers the production cost.
what are the three farm laws introduced in 2020
Farmers Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act, 2020: It is aimed at allowing trade in agricultural produce outside the existing APMC (Agricultural Produce Market Committee) mandis.
Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act, 2020: It seeks to provide a framework for contract farming.
Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act, 2020: It is aimed at removing commodities such as cereals, pulses, oilseeds, edible oils, onion and potato from the list of essential commodities.
There has been a long-pending demand for reforms in agricultural marketing, a subject that comes under the purview of _______________.
state governments
The Agriculture Ministry under the then government designed a model APMC Act in __________– and circulated it among the states.
2003
The Farmers are demanding MSP as recommended by the _________ Commission.
Swaminathan
The Swaminathan Commission Report states that the government should raise the MSP to
The Swaminathan Commission Report states that the government should raise the MSP to at least 50% more than the weighted average cost of production. It is also known as the C2+ 50% formula.
It includes the imputed cost of capital and the rent on the land (called ‘C2’ ) to give farmers 50% returns.
The Supreme Court stayed the implementation of the three laws in
January 2021
Since ______, the laws have been suspended
January 12th 2021, when the Supreme Court stayed their implementation.
when were the ordinances promulgated
June 5th 2020
The farm laws were in force for only 221 days — June 5th 2020, when the ordinances were promulgated to January 12th 2021, when the Supreme Court stayed their implementation.
Since the stay, the laws have been suspended. The government has used old provisions of the ______________- to impose stock limits, having amended the Act through one of the three farm laws.
Essential Commodities Act, 1955
what are the three demands of the farmers, one of which has been fulfilled
The first and foremost demand of the protesting farmers’ organisations is the repeal of three new agricultural laws.
The second demand of farmers is the guarantee of Minimum Support Price (MSP) to ensure procurement of crops at a suitable price. (Plus Swaminathan commission based MSP)
The third demand of farmers is the withdrawal of the Electricity (Amendment) Bill, as they feel that they won’t get free electricity due to this.
swaminathan commission
The National Commission on Farmers (NCF) is an Indian commission constituted on 18 November 2004 under the chairmanship of Professor M.S. Swaminathan to address the nationwide calamity of farmers suicides in India. The Terms of Reference reflected the priorities listed in the Common Minimum Programme.
Commission executive: M.S. Swaminathan
Formed: 18 November 2004; 17 years ago
Jurisdiction: Government of India
father of green revolution
MS Swaminathan, known as the ‘Father of Green Revolution’ was born on August 7, 1925. Swaminathan developed high-yielding varieties (HYV) of wheat and later, promoted sustainable development which he called, the ‘evergreen revolution’.
farmers unions in ___________________- gave the call of ‘delhi chalo’
haryana
punjab
__________ rounds of talks were held between the protestors and government between 14 oct 2020 and 22 jan 2021 with no result
11
2020–2021 Indian farmers’ protest/Period
9 August 2020 – 11 December 2021
The Farm Laws Repeal Bill, 2021 was introduced in Lok Sabha on _____________ by the Minister of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Mr. Narendra Singh Tomar.
November 29, 2021
The _______________- in a letter addressed to Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid down its six-point charter of demands, failing which its agitation will continue end nov.
Samyukta Kisan Morcha (SKM)
what are these 6 demands
The demands include legal entitlement for MSP, based on C2+50% for all crops; withdrawal of the draft Electricity Amendment Bill; removal of all penal provisions in the Commission for Air Quality Management; withdrawal of cases against farmers; sacking of minister Ajay Teni for the Lakhimpur incident and compensation and rehabilitation of all farmers who have died during the agitation.
average holding size stands at just _______- (2018-19)
0.9 ha
1 ha = 2.47 acres
The agri-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth has been _____- per annum in the last 14 years.
3.5%
article ________ allows the parliament to both make as well as repeal laws
245
in 1950 the first act was passed and ___ acts were repealed
72
when was the first constitutional amend act passed
1951
latest amendment act
The Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019 Enacted by Rajya Sabha Passed 12 December 2019 Assented to 21 January 2020 Commenced 25 January 2020
in 2019 the gov scrapped __________ obsolete laws and made changes to it act 1961 and IIM act 2017
58
in 2019 the gov scrapped __________ obsolete laws and made changes to it act 1961 and IIM act 2017
58
how many atcs have been scrapped in the first modi term
1428
