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Class 1 > J&K, Ladakh > Flashcards

J&K, Ladakh Flashcards

1
Q

the erstwhile state of j&k was split into two UTs what are they

A

ladakh

jammu and kashmir

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2
Q

when was the the jammu and kashmir reorganisation act passed

A

5 august 2019
( The act consists of 103 clauses, extends 106 central laws to the UTs, repeals 153 state laws, and abolishes the Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Council among other things.)

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3
Q

when did j&k and ladakh become UTs

A

31 october 2019, when the act came into effect

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4
Q

what is the capital of j&k

A

srinagar - summer capital

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5
Q

what is the capital of j&k

A

srinagar - summer capital

jammu - winter capital

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6
Q

who started the practice of two capitals for kashmir

A

This bi-annual shift is known as Darbar move. It was established in the 19th century by Ranbir Singh, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, and there are different reasons behind the move — strategic as well as climatic

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7
Q

what is the capital of ladakh

A

kargil and leh (the only two districts)

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8
Q

what is the capital of ladakh

A

leh and kargil

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9
Q

what provision gave jammu and kashmir a special status prior to 5 august 2019

A

article 370
Article 370 acknowledges the special status of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in terms of autonomy and its ability to formulate laws for the state’s permanent residents. In the 1954 Presidential order, among other things, the Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution were made applicable to Kashmir with exceptions.

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10
Q

what article is read with article 370 that dealt with giving special rights to the residents of j&k

A

Article 35A of the Indian Constitution was an article that empowered the Jammu and Kashmir state’s legislature to define “permanent residents” of the state and provide special rights and privileges to them.

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11
Q

who is the lieutenant governor of ladakh

A

radha krishna mathur

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12
Q

ladakh
• Member of Parliament
• High Court

A

Jamyang Tsering Namgyal (BJP)

High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh

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13
Q

ladakh borders

A

west

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14
Q

ladakh borders

A

west

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15
Q

ladakh borders

A

west - j&K, gilgit baltistan
east - tibet
south west - xuar,
south - himachal pradesh

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16
Q

what countries lay claim to j&k and ladakh

A

india, china and pakistan

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17
Q

who is the lg of j&k

A

manoj sinha

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18
Q

what type of government does ladakh have

A

administration of ladakh with an lg

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19
Q

what type of government does kashmir have

A 
Legislature	Unicameral (114 seats)
 • Parliamentary constituency	Rajya Sabha (4)
Lok Sabha (5)

• High Court: High Court of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh

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20
Q

how many districts does J&K have

A

20

capitals
Srinagar (May–October)
Jammu (Nov-April)

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21
Q

The _____________ separates Jammu and Kashmir from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north.

A

Line of Control

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22
Q

The boundary demarcation line between India and Pakistan known as the ________ came into force on 17 August 1947.

A

Radcliffe Line

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23
Q

what separates india from china

A

mcmahon line indicates the boundary demarcation but in actuality the lac separates india-controlled territory from chinese controlled territory

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24
Q

previously, ladakh had ___ mlas in the j&k legislature

A

4

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25
Q

where are the hill councils of leh and ladakh

A

2 - leh and ladakh neither under the 6th schedule

can only collect local taxes and can control land allotted by the centre

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26
Q

sixth schedule

A

According to Article 244 of the Constitution, the Sixth Schedule was enacted in 1949 in order to protect indigenous groups through the establishment of autonomous administrative divisions known as Autonomous District Councils (ADCs).

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27
Q

Art 244A

A

Article 244(A) allows for creation of an ‘autonomous state’ within Assam in certain tribal areas. It also envisages creation of a local legislature or Council of Ministers or both to carry out local administration. It was Inserted into the Constitution by the Twenty-second Constitution Amendment Act, 1969.

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28
Q

over __% of ladakh’s population is tribal

A

90% (2011 census)

other sources 97%

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29
Q

what are the primary tribes of ladakh

A

balti, beda, bot (boto), (brokpa (drokpa, dard or shin), changpa, garra, mon, purigpa

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30
Q

what are the two main religions in ladakh

A

shia muslim - 46%

tibetan buddhists - 40%

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31
Q

ADCs or administrative district councils have certain _________ powers within a state

A

administrative(exec.)
judicial
legislative

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32
Q

what states does the sixth schedule apply to

A

TAMM - tripura, assam, meghalaya and mizoram

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33
Q

TAMM

A

tripura
assam
meghalaya
mizoram

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34
Q

how many areas are recognised in TAMM under the 6th schedule

A

10,
3 in assam, meghalaya and mizoram
1 in tripura

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35
Q

The _____ of these states are empowered to reorganize the boundaries of the tribal areas.

A

governors
In simpler terms, she or he can choose to include or exclude any area, increase or decrease the boundaries and unite two or more autonomous districts into one.
They can also alter or change the names of autonomous regions without separate legislation.

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36
Q

what are these 10 areas

A

North Cachar Hills, Karbi Anglong and the Bodoland Territorial Area in Assam, Khasi Hills, Jaintiya Hills and Garo Hills in Meghalaya, Tribal Areas in Tripura, Chakma, Mara and Lai districts in Mizoram.

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37
Q

what makes bolodand territorial area special

A

bodoland area council has 40 members (ten more than the typical 30 limit) and the power to legislate on 39 topics

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38
Q

the sith schedule provides for ADCs for autonomous districts and _________ for autonomous regions

A

Regional Councils

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39
Q

for any act passed by the state legislature or the parliament; it can only be levied in these areas if the _____ and _________ give assent with or without modification

A

governor and president

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40
Q

the 6th schedule allows for certain legislative powers whereby councils can legislate on matters of ____

A

local importance

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41
Q

these laws may be passed with the assent of the ____

A

governor, some laws may be reserved for the consideration of the president

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42
Q

what are the councils in assam

A
  1. bodoland territorial council (regional council)
  2. karbi anglong autonomous council (arc)
  3. dima hasao autonomous district council
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43
Q

what are the councils in meghalaya

A

garo hills adc
khasi hills adc
jaintia adc

44
Q

what are the 3 councils in mizoram

A

chakma adc
lai adc
mara adc

45
Q

what is the council in tripura called

A

tripura tribal areas adc

46
Q

what are the only 2 regional councils

A

bolodand territorial council (formed 2003)

karbi anglong autonomous council

47
Q

what was the first council and when was i formed

A

north cachar/ dima hsao ADC in 1951 followed by karbi anglong in 1952

48
Q

up to how many members can an adc or arc have

A

four members nominated
rest elected
total = not more than 30
term - 5 years

49
Q

The Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council (LAHDC), Leh

A

is an autonomous district council that administers the Leh district of Ladakh. The council was created under the Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council Act of 1997. The council came into being after holding the first elections on August 28, 1995. Kargil also has one.

50
Q

how many seats and constituency does the lahdc, leh have

A

26 councillor seats +
4 nominated councillors
26 constituencies

51
Q

when were elections last held in leh for he lahdc

A

22 october 2020, with bjp winning for the first time in many years
bjp - 15 seats
inc - 9 seats
ind - 2 seats

52
Q

________________, the two prominent bodies of the Ladakh region

A

Apex Body and Kargil Democratic Alliance (KDA)

53
Q

what is the name of the BJP MLA from ladakh who has demanded statehood for ladakh

A

Jamyang Tsering Namgyal (part of leh apex body)

54
Q

what was the roshni act originally called

A

Jammu and Kashmir State Land (Vesting of Ownership Rights to the Occupants) Act, 2001.

It was enacted in 2001 during the National Conference regime led by Farooq Abdullah in the State.
As per the Act, the ownership rights of State land would be transferred to its occupants on the payment of a fee fixed by the government.

55
Q

when was the act repealed and by which governor

A

28 november, 2018

satya pal malik

56
Q

when were all the land transfers under this act cancelled

A

1 november 2020

57
Q

as per preliminary reports submitted to the DM, how much of the land granted under this scheme has been retrieved

A

2000 acres

58
Q

A report by the CAG estimated that against the targeted Rs_____, only Rs 76 crore had been realized from the transfer of land between 2007 and 2013, thus defeating the purpose.

A

The government’s target was to earn Rs 25,000 crore by transferring 20 lakh kanals (one-eighth of an acre) of state land to existing occupants against payment at market rates.

59
Q

under this scheme government gave away agricultural land to occupiers for free at the documentation rate of ₹______

A

100

60
Q

It set __ as the cutoff for encroachment on state land. Which was later changed to all occupiers which led to encroachment of state land. Initially the scheme was only valid un 2007 but that too was removed.

A

1990

61
Q

why did it come to be known as the roshni act

A

because the proceeds from the act would be used to finance power projects in j&k

(the other aim of the roshni act was to grant proprietary rights to the occupants of state land

62
Q

when did the hc rule the act to be unconstitutional, illegal and unsustainable.

A

october, 2020 followed by the repeal and consequent annulment of the act in november 2020

The HC held all allotments made under the Roshni Act as void ab initio. It also made public the names of the influential people who were allotted land under the Act. the J&K government, in a review petition, has pleaded for modifications to the HC judgement of Oct 2020. The petition says that declaring all allotments null and void would cause a lot of common people to suffer unintentionally

63
Q

who heads the j&k delimitation commission

A

retd. sc judge ranjana prakash desai

64
Q

when was the last time delimitation was carried out in j&k

A

1994-95 when j&k was under president’s rule

J&K saw the last delimitation exercise in 1994-95, after 22 years, which resulted in an increase in the number of Assembly constituencies from 76 to 87

65
Q

when was delimitation carried out on a provincial basis in J&encik

A

1993 when jaganmohan was the governor

divided in 87 assembly constituencies

66
Q

J&K has been under Centre’s rule since

A

19 June 2018.

after mehbooba mufti led coalition fell apart after bjp withdrew support

67
Q

delimitation for state legislative as well as the parliament was frozen by the farooq abdullah government in 2002 until

A

2026

68
Q

The Delimitation Commission headed by retired Supreme Court Judge Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai, was constituted in 2020 to delineate constituencies based on the _____ taking the strength of seats to 90.

A

2011 census

69
Q

how many constituencies did j&k have when it was a state

A

87

70
Q

how many seats have been recommended now

A

90

kashmir - 47
jammu - 43

71
Q

how many seats will be reserved for ST and SC

A

16, (first time) on the basis of population

9 for ST
7 for SC

72
Q

since the last delimitation, number of districts and tehsils have gone up by

A

distrcits - from 12 to 20

tehsils - 52 to 207

73
Q

the erstwhile state of kashmir had seats

A

kashmir - 46
jammu - 37
ladakh - 4
pok - 24

74
Q

when was the delimitation commission constituted

A

6 march 2020

given a year extension in 2021

in february they decided to take into account not just population but also geographical conditions for jammu as some are rather lack communications and hospitable conditions

75
Q

when was the delimitation commission constituted

A

6 march 2020

given a year extension in 2021

in february they decided to take into account not just population but also geographical conditions for jammu as some are rather lack communications and conveniences

76
Q

when was the draft given to 5 MPs who are associate members of the body

A

20 december

77
Q

delimitation

A

Delimitation is the act of fixing or redrawing the limits or boundaries of territorial constituencies (Assembly or Lok Sabha seat) in a country or a province having a legislative body, as per the Election Commission.

78
Q

Prior to August 5, 2019 carving out of J&K’s Assembly seats was carried out under

A

the J&K Constitution

and Jammu and Kashmir Representation of the People Act, 1957.

79
Q

what was the term of elected members of the kashmir state

A

6 years

80
Q

when were the seats of ladakh declared void

A

Post August 5, 2019 – After the abrogation of Article 370, the complexion of Assembly changed and the UT of Ladakh seats were declared void, reducing the strength of the J&K assembly to 83 from 87.

81
Q

what are the recommendations of the commission

A

Increase in seats- The Commission has suggested six additional Assembly seats in Jammu, from 37 to 43, and one in the Valley, from 46 to 47.
The J&K assembly will have 90 seats, excluding the 24 seats reserved for areas which are part of Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.
Redrawing of political map- The political map is being redrawn based on the considerations of population spread, inadequate communication and lack of public conveniences due to their excessive remoteness or inhospitable conditions on the international border.
SC, ST Reservation- The commission has suggested reserving 7 seats for Scheduled Castes (Hindus) in the Samba-Kathua-Jammu-Udhampur belt and 9 seats for Scheduled Tribes in the Rajouri-Poonch belt having mainly non-Kashmiri speaking Muslims.

82
Q

Article 82

A

the Parliament enacts a Delimitation Act after every Census.

83
Q

Article 170

A

States also get divided into territorial constituencies as per Delimitation Act after every Census.

84
Q

why was delimitation in j&k different from delimitation in thr rest of the country

A

because of special provisions

85
Q

delimitation of assembly elections is carried out on the basis of

A

governed separately by the Jammu and Kashmir Constitution and Jammu and Kashmir Representation of the People Act, 1957.

86
Q

delimitation of Lok Sabha seats

A

was then governed by the Indian Constitution in J&K

87
Q

what is the cap on lok sabha seats

A

550

88
Q

what is the cap on rajya sabha seats

A

250

89
Q

how mnay times has delimitation taken place in jammu and kashmir

A 
1963
1973 
provisional basis - 1993
1995
2021
90
Q

delimitation upholds the principle of

A

one vote, one value

91
Q

what is the Delimitation commission also called and when was it founded

A

or Boundary commission (ad hoc)

1952

created due to the Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1951.

92
Q

who was the chairperson of the delim. comm.

A

Justice N Chandrasekhara Aiyar, a retired justice of the Supreme Court, was its chairman in 1953.

93
Q

but when was the first delimitation exercise was carried out and by whom

A

by the President (with the help of the Election Commission) in 1950-51.

94
Q

how many times has delimitation taken place nationwide

A 
4 times
1952 - 1951 census
1963 - 1961 census
1973 - 1971 census
2002 - 2001 census
95
Q

when will nationwide delimitation happen next

A

2026
Following the 84th amendment to the Constitution, in 2002, Delimitation is to be done in 2026 if not postponed.
The base year will be 2021 population. However the population control policy will be kept in center of this.

96
Q

what was the reson for freezing of delimitation until 2026

A

This was mainly done as states which had implemented family planning widely like Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Punjab would stand to lose many parliamentary seats representation and states with poor family planning programs and higher fertility rates like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan would adversely gain many of the seats transferred from better-performing states.

97
Q

who headed the last delimitation com. and when were its recommendations implemented

A

2002 commission
retd. sc judge kuldip singh

in 2008

98
Q

The Delimitation Commission is appointed by

A

the President of India

99
Q

The Delimitation Commission works in collaboration with the

A

Election Commission of India.

100
Q

Delimitation Commision (DC) Composition

A

chief - Retired Supreme Court judge
Chief Election Commissioner
Respective State Election Commissioners.

101
Q

who is tasked with the identification of seats for ST and SC

A

the DC

102
Q

the draft and finished order of the DC is published in the

A

Gazette of India

103
Q

jammu is a ________ majority

A

hindu marjority

criticism: that seats are givent o jammu at the cost of kashmir

104
Q

People’s Alliance for Gupkar Declaration (PAGD)

A

The People’s Alliance for Gupkar Declaration is an electoral alliance between the several regional political parties in Jammu and Kashmir reportedly aimed at restoring special status along with Article 35A of the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir. Farooq Abdullah is the president of the alliance.

Founded: 20 October 2020
Founders: Farooq Abdullah, Mehbooba Mufti
Spokesperson: MY Tarigami

105
Q

when was the gupkar declation signed

A

Gupkar Declaration was a joint resolution signed on August 4, 2019, at Gupkar Residence by the major political parties in Jammu and Kashmir to oppose the Centre’s decision on abrogation of Article 370 which granted a special status to the erstwhile state (now a Union Territory). Gupkar Residence is the house of National Conference president Farooq Abdullah at Gupkar Road in Srinagar.

106
Q

how many seats have been increased for j&K

A

jammu - 6
kashmir - 1
reserved 16 for ST and SC

107
Q

major parties in j&K

A

All Jammu and Kashmir National Conference. Originally founded under the name All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference in 1932 by Sheikh Abdullah and Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas, the organisation renamed itself as “National Conference” in 1939 and joined the All India States Peoples Conference (allied to the Indian National Congress). The organisation continued its prominent role in the state after its accession to India.
All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference. Breakaway group of the National Conference, revived under the old name of the party in 1941. The principal leader was Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas. The party allied itself with the All-India Muslim League and advocated accession to Pakistan in 1947. It spearheaded the Azad Kashmir rebellion in 1947, leading to the region’s secession from the state. The party continued to be the predominant party in Azad Kashmir after it came under Pakistani control.
All Jammu and Kashmir Rajya Hindu Sabha. Founding year unknown. It is believed to have been affiliated to the Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha, founded in 1909. Led by Prem Nath Dogra in 1947, it supported the independence of the princely state. After the state’s accession to India, it largely merged into the Jammu Praja Parishad.
Kashmir Socialist Party and Kisan Mazdoor Conference. Founded by Prem Nath Bazaz, who advocated the accession of the state to Pakistan until 1964.

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