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Substance Related Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

sporadic consumption of alcohol/drugs w/ no adverse consequences

A

substance use

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2
Q

frequency of alcohol/drug use may vary, there are adverse consequences experienced by the user

A

abuse

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3
Q

state of adaptation that is manifested by a drug class-specific withdrawal syndrome

A

physical dependence

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4
Q

a subjective need for a specific psychoactive substance, either for its positive effect or to avoid negative effects of its abstinence

A

psychological dependence

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5
Q

primary, chronic, neurobiologic disease, with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations

A

addiction

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6
Q

Leading cause of impotence in the US

A

drug use

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7
Q

How many positive responses to the CAGE questionairre do you need to diagnose alcohol dependence?

A

Two or more

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8
Q

Quantification of risky or hazardous drinking in men and women

A

men 14 drinks a week. women 7 drinks a week

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9
Q

Associated with failure to fulfill work obligations, use in hazardous situation, legal problems related to use, continued use despite interpersonal problems

A

alcohol abuse

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10
Q

a maladaptive patterns of use associated with 3 or more of the following, occurring at any time in the same 12-month period: tolerance, withdrawal, large quantities, desire to cut down, continues despite physical/psychosocial problems

A

alcohol dependence

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11
Q

Substance that leads to most substance-related deaths

A

alcohol

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12
Q

Quantification of moderate drinking

A

Men: 2 drinks or less a day
Women: 1 drink or less a day

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13
Q

Quantification of binge drinking

A

Men: 5 or more drinks in a row. Women: 4 or more drinks in a row

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14
Q

What happens when concentration of ETOH in stomach becomes too high?

A

mucus secretion and pyloric valve closure results in slowed absorption

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15
Q

catalyzes conversion of alcohol into acetaldehyde, which is toxic

A

alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)

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16
Q

catalyzes conversion of acetaldehyde into acetate

A

aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)

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17
Q

How long might the processes of ETOH metabolization continue to damage liver cells?

A

weeks to months. Clinical and chemical effects often become worse before disease resolves

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18
Q

What are the three patterns of hepatocellular injury?

A

fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis

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19
Q

Increased resistance to flow in portal venous system that manifests as ascites, splenomegaly, and through portosystemic shunts

A

portal hypertension

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20
Q

Where are the three portosystemic shunts located?

A

lower rectum, esophagus, umbilical veins

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21
Q

Occurs in persons who have been drinking heavily for many years—rare to see in persons younger then 35YO: Caused by thiamine deficiency due to poor nutrition/malabsorption

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

22
Q

acute symptoms which are completely reversible when treated w/ high dose thiamine. Characterized by gait ataxia, vestibular dysfunction, confusion and ocular abnormalities

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

23
Q

chronic condition where only 20% of patients recover—can be treated w/ po thiamine. Characterized by impaired recent memory and anterograde amnesia

A

Korsakoff’s Syndrome

24
Q

Highest prevalence unemployed men in their 20s w/ only a high school education in urban areas. Use is highly associated with use of other legal and illegal substances

A

cocaine

25
Q

2nd to cannabis most widely abused drug in the world. 5% of the U.S. population have used it

A

methamphetamine

26
Q

Displaces epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine & serotonin into the synaptic cleft. Also inactivates neurotransmitter reuptake systems. Results in surge of adrenergic stimulation

A

methamphetamine

27
Q

Appearance is malnourished, agitated, disheveled. They are tachycardic, HTN, hypercapnic, hyperthermic

A

methamphetamine intoxication

28
Q

Biggest risk for meth intoxication

A

cardiovascular collapse

29
Q

Blocks presynaptic reuptake pumps for dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. Also blocks voltage-gated membrane sodium ion channels

A

cocaine

30
Q

increased energy, alertness, sociability; elation or euphoria; decreased fatigue, need for sleep and appetite; “total body orgasm”. tachycardia, pupil dilation, diaphoresis, nausea

A

cocaine intoxication

31
Q

Psychoactive component—delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Most commonly used illegal substance worldwide

A

Cannabis

32
Q

occur frequently in patients w/ cannabis disorders

A

mood and anxiety disorders

33
Q

T/F There is substantial degree of heritability of cannabis dependence

A

True. 60%

34
Q

Physiologic signs of use include: tachycardia, increased BP, increased RR, conjunctival injection, dry mouth, increased appetite

A

cannabis intoxication

35
Q

substances whose primary effects include the alteration of sensory perception, mood & thought pattern

A

hallucinogens

36
Q

acute intoxication w/ dysphoria, fear, agitation or other unwanted effects predominate

A

bad trip

37
Q

recurrence of symptoms associated w/ hallucinogen after the effects of the acute intoxication have worn off, may occur months or years after the last use of the drug

A

flashback

38
Q

Involves the interaction of numerous neurotransmitters. serotonergic activity may cause serotonin syndrome

A

hallucinogens

39
Q

Neuropsychiatric symptoms, person remains oriented and aware their experience is drug-induced

A

LSD

40
Q

OTC in cold and cough preparations. Anticholinergic delirium & acetaminophen toxicity have occurred

A

Dextromethorphan (DXM)

41
Q

N/V often precede the onset of psychedelic effects. active ingredient in peyote cactus

A

mescaline

42
Q

Dissociative anesthetic similar to ketamine. Commonly added to cigarettes, marijuana, or other herbs for smoking

A

Phencyclidine (PCP)

43
Q

Distinguishing features of intoxication include: bizarre violent behavior, nystagmus, catatonic stupor/coma

A

Phencyclidine (PCP)

44
Q

Wide variety of chemical structures mainly hydrocarbons, nitrites or nitrous oxide. Highly volatile, lipid soluble and absorbed from the pulmonary system. initial euphoria is followed by lethargy

A

inhalants

45
Q

Most frequently used inhalants

A

glue, shoe polish, and toulene

46
Q

Adverse effect of benzene use

A

can cause aplastic anemia and malignancy

47
Q

Immediate effects: slurred speech, ataxia, disorientation, HA, hallucinations, violent behavior, seizures. Long-term: neurocognitive impairment, cerebellar dysfunction and peripheral neuropathy

A

inhalant intoxication

48
Q

Agonist at nicotinic subtype of acetylcholine receptors. Activates the dopamine reward system. Increases circulation of norepinephrine and epinephrine

A

nicotine

49
Q

activate specific transmembrane neurotransmitter receptors (mu, kappa, delta) that couple G proteins. Activation of CNS mu receptors results in euphoria, respiratory depression, analgesia and miosis

A

opiods

50
Q

Features of intoxication includes depressed mental status, decreased respiratory rate, decreased tidal volume, miotic pupils

A

opiod toxicity

51
Q

Vital signs of intoxication include low heart rate, mild hypotension, hypothermia

A

opiod toxicity

52
Q

used to increase respirations to 12 or greater NOT to attain a normal level of consciousness

A

naloxone (opioid antagonist)

Psych (20 decks)

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