substance misuse Flashcards
what is the difference between substance use disorder and addictive disorder ?
addictive disorder is non substance associated such as with gambling
what are the symptoms associated with alcohol use disorder ?
1- taking more for longer periods of time
2- cant control their use
3- time devoted to using and finding
4- craving
5- continued use despite problems
6- given up other important activities
7- failure to fulfil obligations
8- using in hazardous situations
9- continued use despite psychol problems
10 - tolerance
11- withdrawal
what is tolerance ?
reduced effect of the drug after repeated administration
or
increased dose of the drug to maintain the same effect
when do heroin withdrawal symptoms start and when do they peak ?
8-12 hours after the last dose
peak at 36-72 hours
what are the features of heroin withdrawal ?
runny nose
runny eyes
sweating
yawning
what emergency is associated with alcohol withdrawal ?
delirium tremens
what is thee presentation of delirium tremens ?
happens 72 hours after the last dose of alcohol
confusion or disorientation
hallucinations - formication
autonomic hyperactivity
seizures
what is thee first line management for delirium tremens ?
oral lorazepam
what is the difference between classical and operant conditioning ?
classical - cues associated with drugs become conditioned stimuli
operant - thee drug. is a reward and rewarded behaviour is repeated
what are the behavioural treatments associated with operant conditioning ?
voucher based system (token economy) to reward abstinence
what are thee stages of change ?
precontemplation
contemplation
determination
action
maintenance
what type of memory is mostly affected in addicts ?
working memory
what is the brains natural reward pathway ?
the mesolimbic dopamine system
which receptors are particularly implicated in addiction ?
DA and D2
what are the prefrontal cortex changes observed in drug dependency ?
reduced glucose metabolism in frontal cortex
loss of volume
