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y5 - mental health > presentations of drug misuse > Flashcards

presentations of drug misuse Flashcards

1
Q

what type of drug is heroin ?

A

opiate

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2
Q

what is the mechanism of heeroin ?

A

opiate drug that is a mu-receptor agonist
has a sedative and analgesic effect

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3
Q

what is the presentation of heroin overdose?

A

pinpoint pupil
shallow respiration
respiratory depression
cyanosis
low oxygen saturation
loud snoring and unrousable

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4
Q

what is the overdose treatment for heroin ?

A

naloxone

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5
Q

which drug will reverse benzodiazepine effect ?

A

flumazenil

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6
Q

what is the acute drug effect of GBL/GHB ?

A

liquid weak action at GABA-B
causes a sedative effeect

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7
Q

what are the physical , infection related complication associated with drug abuse ?

A

site of injection infection
cellulitis
abscess
septicemia

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8
Q

what are the vascular complications associated with drug abuse ?

A

deep vein thrombosis complicated by pulmonary embolism
acute endocarditis
ischaemia

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9
Q

what are the complications associated with the different methods of administration of drugs ?

A

IV - blood borne viruses
smoking - effect on lung function
snorting - perforated septum

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10
Q

what is the presentation of opiate withdrawal ?

A

sweat, mild tremor, aches, muscle jerks, pilorecetion
dilated pupils
runny nose
yawning

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11
Q

what is the treatment for opiate withdrawal ?

A

symptomatic treatment : diazepam , loperamide , buscopan
methadone may be used to prevent further withdrawal symptoms

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12
Q

what is the presentation of GBL withdrawal ?

A

from mild anxiety to confusion
agitation
tremor
paranoia with hallucinations

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13
Q

what is the treeatmeent for GBLK withdrawal ?

A

benzodiazeepam and balcofen

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14
Q

what is baclofen ?

A

antispasmodic muscle relaxant

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15
Q

what is the presentation of benzodiazepines withdrawal ?

A

anxiety
depresonalization
derealisation
sensitivity to light and sound
fits

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16
Q

what is the treatment for benzo withdrawal ?

A

beenzo detoxification

17
Q

what are examples of drug seeking behaviour ?

A

request for specific opioid
doctor shopping
self diagnosis
request for lost methadone or buprenorphine

18
Q

what is the mechanism of action of methadone ?

A

synthetic opioid receptor agonist

19
Q

what is the presentation of alcohol withdrawal ?

A

sweating
tremor
tachycardia
anxious
nausea and vomiting
withdrawal seizures
delirium tremens

20
Q

what is delirium tremens ?

A

a rapid onset delirium syndrome marked by agitation
Cognitive impairments with poor concentration and disorientation
hallucinations
autonomic disturbances

21
Q

when is the onset of delirium tremens ?

A

72 to 96 hours after the patients last drink

22
Q

what is the association between wernicks encephalopathy and

A

alcohol use disorder is associated with depleted thiamine levels which eventually may cause wernicks encephalopathy

23
Q

what is the presentation of wernick’s encephalopathy ?

A

opthalmoplegia
nystagmus
ataxia
confusion

24
Q

what is the treatment for wernick’s encephalopathy ?

A

intravenous thiamine administration

25
Q

what is the korsakoff’s syndrome ?

A

also caused by thiamine deficiency, sequelae of wernicke’s ,
associated with short term memory loss

26
Q

what is the management plan for alcohol dependence ?

A

supportive measures
chlordiazepoxide
thiamine

27
Q

what is the management for delirium tremens ?

A

medical emergency
benzo - diazepam or lorazepam as first line
with benz resistant delirium tremens use haloperidol

28
Q

what is the appropriate dose of haloperidol for delirium tremens ?

A

5-10 mg orally
or 5 mg IM

29
Q

what is the most appropriate management for wernicke’s encephalopathy ?

A

IV thiamine
correct magnesium deficiency and hypoglycaemia

30
Q

what is the most appropriate managemeent for seizures ?

A

10 mg diazepam rectally

31
Q

what is the AUDIT score ?

A

Alcohol use identification test
score from 0 - 12
a score above 4 is positive , the higher the number the more likely it is that the patient’s drinking is affecting their health

32
Q

what is balcofen used for ?

A

to relieve muscle spasticity

y5 - mental health (28 decks)

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