learning memory and cognition Flashcards
what is declarative memory ?
memory for facts and events that can bee accessed for conscious recollection
what are thee types of declarativee memory ?
episodic memory
semantic memory
working memory
what is the difference between episodic , semantic and working memory ?
episodic - recollecting specific events in time
semantic memory - remembering a familiar object or fact
working memory - a short term hold
what is an example of procedural memory ?
like remembering how to ride a bike
what is declarative or explicit memory ?
you know you know
easy to verbalize or declare your knowledge
what is the difference between episodic memory and semantic memory ?
memories for specific autobiographic events
with a when and where
semantic not tagged in space or time
what are thee stages of memory
encoding - intial processing
storage - maintaining
retrieval - recalling
what is amnesia ?
loss of memory due to brain insult
retrograde amnesia ?
loss of memory prior to the trauma
anterograde amnesia ?
inability to make new memories after the trauma
what are the major theories of forgetting ?
decay theory
interference theory
represssion
what are the three types of memory ?
sensory memory
short term memory
long term memory
what are the types off long term memory ?
declarative and non declarative
declarative you can describe ( semantic and episodic )
non declarative you cant describe
what is the reason for forgetting in long term memory ?
retrieval failure
what is thee capacity , duration of storage and reason for forgetting in short term memory ?
capacity is 7 units plus or minus 2
duration - less than 30 seconds without rehearsal
reasons for forgetting - storage failure
what is working memory ?
short term memory
what is the capacity , duration of storage. and reason for forgetting in sensory memory ?
capacity : large
durration : visual 1/10 seconds , auditory 2 seconds
reasons for forgetting : storage failure
what causes information to disappear in STM ?
decay or displacement
when displacement occur ?
when the capacity of about 7 units of information has been reached
what are the types of interference ?
retroactive interference - recently learned info prevents recall of earlier info
proactive interference - earlier learned info prevents recall of later learned info
what is thee basic sequence of memory ?
sensory memory
then short term
then long term memory
what moves information from sensory memory to short term memory ?
attention
what are the two stages associated with moving info from short term memory to long term memory ?
repetition and elaboration
what are the bed side tests that can be used to test memory ?
registration
short term memory
long term memory
how can short term memory be tested ?
digit span
what type of amnesia is associated with korsakoff syndrome ?
anterograde amnesia and limited retrograde amnesia
what does the disease severity of Alzheimer’s depend on ?
correlates with tangles and not plaques
what type of memory is mostly affected in Alzheimer’s ?
episodic memory
what type of memory is affected in the final stages of Alzheimer’s disease ?
procedural memory
what part of the brain is associated with declarative memory ?
medial temporal lobe and nuclei in the diencephalon
