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y5 - mental health > psychosis and schizophrenia > Flashcards

psychosis and schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main symptoms of psychosis ?

A

delusions
negative symptoms
positive symptoms
disorganized speech
hallucinations
abnormal psychomotor behaviour

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2
Q

what are examples of negative symptoms of psychosis ?

A

Anhedonia
Alogia - poverty of speech
Affective flattening
Asociality
Avolition

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3
Q

what are hallucinations ?

A

perception of a sensory object without any corresponding external stimulus, indistinguishable from a normal percept

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4
Q

what is the most common hallucination in psychiatric patients ?

A

auditory hallucinations

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5
Q

what is the most common type of hallucination in organic mental disorders ?

A

visual hallucinations

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6
Q

what are examples of organic mental diorders ?

A

delerium
dementia
Alzeheimers
Amnesia

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7
Q

what does a formal thought disorder refer to ?

A

asseesed using the patients speech
to do with the form and expression of the patient’s speech

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8
Q

what are the types of formal though disorders ?

A

circumstantiality
tangentiality
derailment/loosened association
thought block
perservation

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9
Q

what does circumstantiality mean ?

A

patients mentions alot of excessive irrelevant details before getting to the main point

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10
Q

what does tangentiality mean ?

A

patient mentions a lot of excessive and irrelevant details and will not reach the main point eventually

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11
Q

what does derailment mean ?

A

a series of unrelated or only remotley related ideas

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12
Q

what does preservation mean ?

A

repetition of words or topics in an excessive and obsessive manner

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13
Q

what does thought block present as ?

A

patient will suddenly stop speaking

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14
Q

what are delusions ?

A

fixed false beliefs out of keeping with someone’s cultural, religious or ethnic background

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15
Q

what are the themes associated with delusions ?

A

persecutory
referential
passivity
thought interference
grandiose
nihilistic
erotomanic
misidentification

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16
Q

what is considered under the umbrella of psychotic disorders ?

A

schizophrenia
schizoaffective
bipolar disorder

17
Q

what are neurotic disorders ?

A

mental disorders without an organic basis , the patient experiences no loss of touch of reality
as with depression and anxirty

18
Q

what are examples of delusions of miidentification ?

A

Capgras - someone is replaced by an imposter
Fregoli - identification of a stranger as someonee they know

19
Q

what is the old name for schizophrenia ?

A

dementia praecox

20
Q

what does the diagnosis of schizophrenia basically mean?

A

being psychotic for a long period of time without a mood/organic cause

21
Q

how is a diagnosis of schizophrenia made according to the DSM V ?

A

2 or more symptoms
social/occupational dysfunction
for more than a period of 6 months
does not include any cognitive impairment

22
Q

what is meant by cognitive impairment ?

A

impaired attention
verbal memory affection social cognition

23
Q

how is a diagnosis of schizophrenia made according to the ICD-11 ?

A

2 or more symptoms
1 or more is passivity is present
thought interference ( insertion , broadcasting ,interruption )
3rd person auditory verbal hallucinations from a body part
disturbances in cognition
for more than one month

24
Q

what are the organic differential diagnosis of schizophrenia ?

A

drug induced psychosis
CNS infection
CNS neoplasm
temporal lobe epilepsy

25
Q

what drugs aree known to cause psychosis ?

A

steroids
hallucinogens/psychedelics inlcuding LSD, ketamine

26
Q

what are the first rankk symptoms in schizophrenia ?

A

hallucinations
passivity phenomenon
thought interruption ( withdrawal , insertion or broadcasting
delusional perception

27
Q

what is the relationship between cannabis use and onset of schizophrenia ?

A

cannabis is considered a trigger rather than a cause

28
Q

what are the first generation antipsychotics?

A

haloperidol
chlorpromazine

29
Q

what is the mechanism of action of 1st generationn anti-psychotics ?

A

D2 antagonists

30
Q

what is the most common side effect associated with 1st GA ?

A

extra-pyramidal side effects
acute dyskinesia , acute dystonia
parkinsonism
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
tardive dyskinesia

31
Q

what are examples of second generation anti-psychotics ?

A

olanzepine
risperidone

32
Q

what is the mechanism of action of 2nd generation A-psychotics ?

A

5HT2A antagonists

33
Q

what are the side effects associated with 2nd generation drugs ?

A

fewer extrapyramidal symptoms
more metabolic symptoms

34
Q

what is the recovery mainly focused on ?

A

social rather than clinical recovery

y5 - mental health (28 decks)

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