psychosis and schizophrenia Flashcards
what are the main symptoms of psychosis ?
delusions
negative symptoms
positive symptoms
disorganized speech
hallucinations
abnormal psychomotor behaviour
what are examples of negative symptoms of psychosis ?
Anhedonia
Alogia - poverty of speech
Affective flattening
Asociality
Avolition
what are hallucinations ?
perception of a sensory object without any corresponding external stimulus, indistinguishable from a normal percept
what is the most common hallucination in psychiatric patients ?
auditory hallucinations
what is the most common type of hallucination in organic mental disorders ?
visual hallucinations
what are examples of organic mental diorders ?
delerium
dementia
Alzeheimers
Amnesia
what does a formal thought disorder refer to ?
asseesed using the patients speech
to do with the form and expression of the patient’s speech
what are the types of formal though disorders ?
circumstantiality
tangentiality
derailment/loosened association
thought block
perservation
what does circumstantiality mean ?
patients mentions alot of excessive irrelevant details before getting to the main point
what does tangentiality mean ?
patient mentions a lot of excessive and irrelevant details and will not reach the main point eventually
what does derailment mean ?
a series of unrelated or only remotley related ideas
what does preservation mean ?
repetition of words or topics in an excessive and obsessive manner
what does thought block present as ?
patient will suddenly stop speaking
what are delusions ?
fixed false beliefs out of keeping with someone’s cultural, religious or ethnic background
what are the themes associated with delusions ?
persecutory
referential
passivity
thought interference
grandiose
nihilistic
erotomanic
misidentification
what is considered under the umbrella of psychotic disorders ?
schizophrenia
schizoaffective
bipolar disorder
what are neurotic disorders ?
mental disorders without an organic basis , the patient experiences no loss of touch of reality
as with depression and anxirty
what are examples of delusions of miidentification ?
Capgras - someone is replaced by an imposter
Fregoli - identification of a stranger as someonee they know
what is the old name for schizophrenia ?
dementia praecox
what does the diagnosis of schizophrenia basically mean?
being psychotic for a long period of time without a mood/organic cause
how is a diagnosis of schizophrenia made according to the DSM V ?
2 or more symptoms
social/occupational dysfunction
for more than a period of 6 months
does not include any cognitive impairment
what is meant by cognitive impairment ?
impaired attention
verbal memory affection social cognition
how is a diagnosis of schizophrenia made according to the ICD-11 ?
2 or more symptoms
1 or more is passivity is present
thought interference ( insertion , broadcasting ,interruption )
3rd person auditory verbal hallucinations from a body part
disturbances in cognition
for more than one month
what are the organic differential diagnosis of schizophrenia ?
drug induced psychosis
CNS infection
CNS neoplasm
temporal lobe epilepsy
what drugs aree known to cause psychosis ?
steroids
hallucinogens/psychedelics inlcuding LSD, ketamine
what are the first rankk symptoms in schizophrenia ?
hallucinations
passivity phenomenon
thought interruption ( withdrawal , insertion or broadcasting
delusional perception
what is the relationship between cannabis use and onset of schizophrenia ?
cannabis is considered a trigger rather than a cause
what are the first generation antipsychotics?
haloperidol
chlorpromazine
what is the mechanism of action of 1st generationn anti-psychotics ?
D2 antagonists
what is the most common side effect associated with 1st GA ?
extra-pyramidal side effects
acute dyskinesia , acute dystonia
parkinsonism
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
tardive dyskinesia
what are examples of second generation anti-psychotics ?
olanzepine
risperidone
what is the mechanism of action of 2nd generation A-psychotics ?
5HT2A antagonists
what are the side effects associated with 2nd generation drugs ?
fewer extrapyramidal symptoms
more metabolic symptoms
what is the recovery mainly focused on ?
social rather than clinical recovery
