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Promoting Healthy Populations > Substance Abuse and Smoking Prevention > Flashcards

Substance Abuse and Smoking Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

Addiction

A

compulsive, abnormal dependence on a substance or a behavior
- is never normal

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2
Q

Substance Induced Disorders

A

direct effects of the drug/substance
- temporary and reversible
- may experience intoxication and withdrawl

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3
Q

Substance Use Disorders

A

symptoms resulting from long-term use, including behavioral, psychosocial, and cognitive
- consequences occur over time as cumulative effect as the addiction progresses
- combines abuse and dependence into mild, moderate, or sever categories

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4
Q

Intoxication

A

the physical/behavioral symptoms that result from substance use

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5
Q

Cravings

A

a symptom of substance use disorders that involve a desire to use the substance one is addicted to

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6
Q

Tolerance

A

due to chronic use, the body needs more to satisfy the person and you have to increase the dose to achieve the same effects

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7
Q

Withdrawl

A

when a person suddenly stops taking the substance they have used chronically; the body produces symptoms due to the lack of intake of the substance

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8
Q

Stress Reaction Symptoms

A

the autonomic nervous system produces symptoms as the result of stopping the addictive behavior (irritability, agitation, tachycardia, tremors, panic)

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9
Q

Rebound Symptoms

A

the effects of the addiction continue despite stopping the substance/behavior
- when your body tries to go back to normal after taking the substance
- it causes the opposite affect of what was intended (ex. if the addictive substance was stimulating, the rebound effect would be sedating)

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10
Q

Dependency

A

the body’s need for the substance to maintain normal daily functioning
- can affect psychological, economic, social, and physical adversely and cause legal ramifications

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11
Q

Dopamine

A

a neurotransmitter that has a key role in the addictive process, results in a euphoric rewards (“high”)

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12
Q

What is the ranges of early sobriety ?

A

1 month - 1 year

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13
Q

What is the range of sustained sobriety ?

A

1-5 years

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14
Q

What is the range of stable sobriety ?

A

5+

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15
Q

What is a stimulant ?

A

substance that enhances attention, alertness, and awareness
- nicotine, caffeine, amphetamines, methamphetamines, cocaine
- can increase HR, BP, and cardia output

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16
Q

What is a depressant ?

A

substance that diminishes or reduces nervous or functional activity causing gloom or dejection
- alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazephines, GHB

17
Q

What are examples of opiates ?

A

morphine, heroin, codeine, and fentanyl

18
Q

What are examples of hallucinogens ?

A

LSD, PCP, ecstasy

19
Q

What are inhalants ?

A

huffed volatile substances
- can lead to dysrhythmias/asphyxiation/death

20
Q

What are some considerations we have to take as Nurses when it comes to tobacco or substance use ?

A
  • interview and screen patients
  • build trust and rapport
  • LISTEN
  • find out specifics (method of use, quantity, frequency, consequences experienced)
  • don’t judge
21
Q

What are the 5 A’s to smoking cessation ?

A
  1. Ask about tobacco use
  2. Advise to quit
  3. Assess willingness to quit smoking
  4. Assist in quit attempt
  5. Arrange for follow-up
22
Q

What are some ways to reduce nicotine cravings/withdrawal symptoms ?

A
  • nicotine gum
  • nicotine patches
  • find a replacement for your drug/tobacco use like lollipops, knitting, carving, art
  • bupropion (antidepressant that can be used to lessen withdrawal symptoms)
23
Q

What is the most common illegal substance used in the U.S ?

A

marijuana
- has low levels of toxicity
- withdrawl symptoms are minimal

24
Q

What is moderate drinking for women and men ?

A

W: no more than 1 drink per day
M: no more than 2 drinks per day

25
Q

Who absorbs alcohol more, women or men ?

A
  • women because they typically weight less than men
  • have less H20 in their bodies
  • are exposed to more alcohol during metabolization
26
Q

What is considered binge drinking and who is most susceptible ?

A

5 or more drinks on one occasion in the last 30 days
- fulltime college students (18-22) and working teens are susceptible

27
Q

What is considered heavy drinking ?

A

binge drinking on at least 5 days during the last 30 days

28
Q

What does the CAGE Questionnaire ask ?

A
  1. have you ever felt like you should CUT down on your drinking
  2. have people ANNOYED you by criticizing your drinking
  3. have you ever felt bad or GUILTY about your drinking
  4. have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning to “steady your nerves” or get rid of a hangover (EYE opener)
29
Q

What are other screening options for alcohol that aren’t CAGE ?

A
  • Michigan Alcohol Screening Test
  • Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
30
Q

What is acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome ?

A

life-threatening condition where long-term alcohol consumption is unexpectedly and abruptly discontinued
- symptoms like delirium tremens, mental status change, tachycardia, and hypertension can occur 6-9 hours after last drink
- bradycardia and/or hypotension are late signs and cause result in resuscitation
- can happen out of shame of being an alcoholic

31
Q

What is Wernicke’s Encephalopathy and Korsakoff Syndrome ?

A

poor nutrition leads to poor absorption of vitamin B leading to irreversible brain damage

32
Q

What vitamin is common for alcohol withdrawal patients ?

A

B-complex injections

33
Q

What is the maximum blood alcohol concentration when driving ?

A

0.08%

34
Q

What substance abuse screening is used for adolescents ?

A

CRAFFT
- 2 or more affirmative answers require follow up

35
Q

What is CRAFFT ?

A
  1. have you ever ridden in a CAR driven by someone, including yourself, who was “high” or had been using alcohol or drugs
  2. do you ever use alcohol or drugs to RELAX, feel better about yourself, or fit in ?
  3. do you ever use alcohol or drugs when you are by yourself, ALONE ?
  4. do you every FORGET things you did while using alcohol or drugs ?
  5. does your family or do your FRIENDS ever tell you that you should cut down on your drinking or drug use ?
  6. have you ever gotten into TROUBLE while you were using alcohol or drugs ?
36
Q

What could be common barriers to smoking cessation ?

A
  • cravings and withdrawal symptoms
  • smoking was a way to cope
  • smoking was the social norm

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