Health Behaviors for Wellness Flashcards
What is the Health Belief Model ?
model that describes why some people take actions to prevent a disease and others don’t
- centered around individual perceptions
Why use models and theories for explaining Health Behaviors ?
they provide a foundation for planning, development, and evaluation of educational programs
What are the factors in the Health Belief Model (HBM) ?
- Perceived susceptibility
- whether you believe that you getting the disease is inevitable so what is the point in trying to avoid it - perceived severity
- how serious you see your disease as - perceived benefits of health action
- what benefits do you get out of taking action - perceived barriers
- what can/is going to get into your way
What is Milio’s Framework for Prevention ?
individuals’ ability to improve healthful behaviors vs. society’s ability to provide accessible options for healthy choices
What is Milio’s Framework for Prevention trying to propose ?
that health deficits often result from an imbalance between a populations health need and its health sustaining resources
What is the Social Cognitive Theory (Social Learning Theory) ?
proposes that individuals learn from both themselves and the observed actions of others
- where personal factors, environmental factors, and human behavior influence each other
- encourages people to improve their health because they have someone who they can model
What is the Transtheoretical Model of Change (TMC) ?
the steps/phrases someone may go through in relation to making a behavior/habit change
- useful in determining the person’s readiness for learning in relation to change
What are the phases of the TMC ?
- Precontemplation
- the person is not thinking about or considering taking action in the next 6 months - Contemplation
- intention to take action in the next 6 months - Preparation
- have taken steps toward change; intends to take action within the next month - Action
- has changed behavior/modified lifestyle and persisted for 6 months - Maintenance
- has changed behavior/modified lifestyle and persisted for more than 6 months - Termination
- self-efficacy, full ingrained and part of your routine
What is the negative side of TMC ?
there can be other factors influencing the patient so that they can’t follow the TMC phases
- like financial constraints
What is decisional balance ?
having a conversation with your patient about whether or not you change a behavior
- discuss the reasons to change or to not change the behavior
- discuss the reasons that are important or not important to change
What is health coaching ?
partnering with clients in a thought-provoking and creative process that inspires them to maximize their personal and professional potential
What is Health Promotion ?
the art and science of helping people change their lifestyles to move toward a state of optimal health
- educating people about healthy lifestyles, risk education, developmental needs, activities of daily living and preventative self-care
What is Health Education ?
planning learning experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire the info and skills needed to make health decisions
- involves providing information and facilitating health behavior changes
- goals are to be met
What is Specific Protection ?
protecting people from injury and disease
- immunizations for influenza
Why is risk in health important ?
we want the patients to make an informed decision and make them understand how their behaviors are linked to an outcome
What is risk ?
the probability that a specific event will occur in a given time frame
What is risk assessment ?
a systematic way of distinguishing the risks posed by potentially harmful exposures
What are the steps of risk assessment ?
- Hazard Identification
- you need to identify what the hazard is - Risk Description
- be able to describe to the patient how the risk is linked to the outcome - Exposure Assessment
- how is the exposure happening (ingestion, inhaled) - Risk Estimation
- how much exposure is the person getting
What are the different types of risks ?
- modifiable risks
- non-modifiable risks
- relative risk
- absolute risk
What is modifiable risk ?
individual has control
- smoking, eating habits, activity
What is non-modifiable risk ?
little to no control
- genetics, gender, age, environmental exposure
What is relative risk ?
used to compare the risk between 2 groups of people; one group has a certain risk factor, and the other doesn’t
- For example, compare the risk for heart disease of a group of people who smoke to a group of people
that do not smoke
- The risk given to each group would be called their relative risk, meaning their risk
compared to another group’s risk.
What is absolute risk ?
an individual’s risk of developing a given disease over a period of time
- 1 in 10 chance of developing (x) disease= 10% absolute risk
What are the different signs of stress ?
- physiological
- fight or flight response - psychological
- anxiety, depression, anger, and hostility - sociobehavioral
- overeating, alcohol, smoking, drugs - spiritual
- seek comfort from religions practices, beliefs of the community
What are some examples of healthy behaviors to prevent chronic disease, reduce stress, and improve sleep ?
- exercise daily
- yoga, acupuncture, or massages
- establishing an environment that promotes sleep, avoid activities that interfere with sleep
What are examples of light exercise intensity ?
walking slowly, golf, leisurely swimming, light gardening, housework
What are examples of moderate exercise intensity ?
water aerobics, general gardening, walking briskly (3 miles/hr or faster, but no race-walking). tennis (doubles)
What are examples of vigorous exercise intensity ?
race walking, jogging or running, swimming laps, jumping rope, tennis (singles)
What is observational learning ?
behavior acquisition that occurs by watching the actions and outcomes of others’ behavior
What are reinforcements ?
responses to a person’s behavior that influence the likelihood of reoccurance
What is reciprocal determinism ?
improvements in behavior influence self and others in continuing the behavior
