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Promoting Healthy Populations > Reproductive Health and Family Planning > Flashcards

Reproductive Health and Family Planning Flashcards

1
Q

Contraceptive

A

intentional prevention of pregnancy during sexual intercourse

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2
Q

Birth Control

A

the device or practice to decrease the risk of conceiving or bearing offspring

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3
Q

Family Planning

A

the conscious decision on when to conceive or avoid pregnancy throughout reproductive years

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4
Q

What is the risk of 85+ taking hormonal contraception ?

A

higher rates of developing blood clots

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5
Q

What is Coitus Interruptus and the pros/cons ?

A

pull out before ejaculation
- P: no cost and side effects, latex allergy friendly
- C: no protection against STD or HIV

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6
Q

What is Fertility Awareness Methods (FAMS) and the cons ?

A

identifies fertile periods of the menstrual cycle & avoids intercourse during these periods
- C: higher failure rate with people who don’t have a mentor that guides them on this & partner willingness

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7
Q

What are the different types of FAMs ?

A
  • natural family planning
  • basal body temperature (BBT)
  • breastfeeding
  • mucus detection method
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8
Q

What is basal body temperature and how does it work ?

A
  • temperature will drop prior to ovulation
  • measure oral temp prior to getting out of bed each day
  • inexpensive and convenient
  • have to have a very sensitive thermometer
  • affected by illness, alcohol, anxiety, <3 hrs sleep
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9
Q

What is cervical mucus ovulation detection method and how does it work ?

A
  • fertility awareness based on observing cervical mucous to determine ovulation
  • mucous that is thick means they aren’t fertile and when mucous is more watery and less acidic than that means they are fertile
  • Mucous becomes thin and watery under influence of estrogen and progesterone allowing for sperm viability and motility
  • not reliable
  • Spinnbarkeit Sign
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10
Q

What is Spinnbarkeit sign ?

A

mucus’s ability to stretch between the fingers at time of ovulation

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11
Q

How is Breastfeeding a contraception ?

A

as infant breastfeeds, Prolactin is released which acts as a contraception
- hormonal contraception
- cons: only for about 6 months before baby eats solid food
- Lactational Amenorrhea Method
- no less than 4 hours during the day and 6 hours at night (ideal feeding intervals)

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12
Q

What is spermicide and the cons ?

A

nonoxynol-9 reduces sperms mobility by attacking flagella and body of sperm
- higher risk of HIVbecause of breakdown of epithelial lining of vaginal canal
- no evidence that adding spermicide to condoms will decrease pregnancy

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13
Q

What are examples of barrier methods of contraceptives ?

A
  • spermicide
  • condoms
  • diaphragm
  • sponge
  • copper intrauterine device
  • hormonal levonorgestrel intrauterine system
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14
Q

What are some examples of hormonal contraceptives ?

A
  • breastfeeding
  • combination oral contraceptives
  • contraceptive ring
  • contraceptive patch
  • injectable progesterone
  • implantable progestin
  • emergency contraception
  • hormonal levonorgestrel intrauterine system
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15
Q

What are condoms and risks/benefits ?

A

thin, flexible sheath worn on penis during intercourse to prevent semen from entering uterus
- protects against STIs & HIV
- only use water-soluble lubricants as oil-based lubricants can break down condom
- Cons: incorrect placement, breakage overtime

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16
Q

What is a Diaphragm and how does it work ?

A

shallow, dome-shaped device with flexible rim that covers cervix
- hormone free method but recommended with spermicide
- must be fitted by health care provider as each cervix placement is unique to each woman
- put in right before or up to 6 hours before intercourse, leave in for at least 6 hours after
- can cause UTIs so empty bladder before
- if you have weight gain/loss or pregnancy then you must get fitted again
- assess fit yearly

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17
Q

What is the contraceptive sponge and how does it work ?

A

sponge that contains N-p spermicide and is designed to fit over the cervix
- moisten with water before insert
- should be left in place for 6 hours after intercourse to get sperm a chance to go away
- removed by 24 hours
- failure rate is greater than diaphragm
- not reusable

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18
Q

What are oral contraceptives and how do they work ?

A

combined estrogen-progestin contraceptives (COCs)
- inhibits follicle maturation & ovulation
- endometrium lining is altered, making implantation difficult
- should be taken every day at the same time
- Cons: weight gain, increased symptoms of depression and anxiety

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19
Q

What are the Risks and Benefits of COCs ?

A

Risks:
- increase chance of DVT, stroke or embolism
- decrease milk supply
- chloasma, oily skin
- can increase BP, MI, and liver functions
- gallbladder problems
Benefits:
- decreased blood flow & regulation of cycles
- improves symptoms of PMS
- less ovarian/uterine cysts
- protection against endometrial & ovarian cancer
- improved acne

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20
Q

What are some people we won’t recommend COCs for ?

A
  • smokers > 35 yrs old
  • breast cancer
  • pregnancy
  • diabetes mellitus greater than > 20 years
  • HTN
  • history of CV or CAD
  • vascular disease
  • lactation lass than 6 weeks
  • headaches with neurological symptoms (at higher risk for stroke)
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21
Q

What happens to fertility with COCs ?

A
  • once stopped fertility usually returns quickly (around 3 months)
  • might be slightly lower the first 3-12 months after stopping (especially if they’ve been on COCs for a long time
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22
Q

How does the vaginal contraceptive ring work ?

A

placed in vagina that secretes estrogen and progesterone
- bypassed liver for metabolism
- leave in for 3 weeks and out for 1
- hormonal

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23
Q

How does the transdermal contraceptive system patch work ?

A

patch placed on skin for 1 week, change it out every week and rotate site of application then off for 1 week
- higher failure rate if you weigh over 198 pounds (need to adjust drug amount on patch)
- hormonal

24
Q

What is the injectable progesterone called ?

A

Depo-Provera

25
Q

How does the Depo-Provera work ?

A
  • Progesterone only injection (deltoid or gluteus maximus) every 11-13 weeks
  • hormonal
  • good option for breastfeeding mothers
  • “long-term” method
  • lactation is less likely to be affected by progesterone only contraceptives
  • can take up to 18 months for fertility to resume
26
Q

What are some side effects of the injectable progesterone ?

A

irregular spotting, increased weight gain, decreased libido, breast changes, decreased bone mineral density, risk of DVT

27
Q

What is the implantable progestin ?

A
  • single rod implant
  • injected subdermally on non-dominant arm
  • prevents some ovulatory cycles & thickens cervical mucous
  • does not affect lactation
  • good for 3 years
  • hormonal
28
Q

What are some side effects of the implantable progestin ?

A
  • irregular bleeding
  • headaches
  • nausea
  • skin changes
  • vertigo and nervousness
29
Q

What is emergency contraception ?

A

offers protection against pregnancy for up to 120 hours after unprotected intercourse
- ideal time= < 72 hours
- inhibits follicular development
- not an abortion pill because it has to be used before the egg fertilizes and implanted (won’t be effective if this has occurred already)
- Cons: nausea or bleeding, can take antiemetic 1 hour before

30
Q

How does the Hormonal Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System work ?

A

effective 3-7 years
- impairs sperm motility, irritates uterine lining & anovulatory effects
- causes irregular spotting
- hormonal and barrier

31
Q

How does the copper intrauterine device (paraguard) work ?

A

copper acts as spermicide and inflames endometrium
- effective up to 12 years
- only barrier
- cons: increased bleeding and cramping, can be painful

32
Q

What are some risks of IUDs ?

A

IUDs can increase pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) within 20 days of insertion and uterine perforation
- check for the 2 strings that hang from the base stem through the cervix and protrude into the vagina for the woman to feel for assurance of placement
- remove immediately if pregnancy is suspected

33
Q

What is permanent sterilization work for women and the risks?

A

tubal ligation
- laparoscopic procedure to occlude (close) tube
- still have a period but seek medical care if you suspect pregnancy
- HIGH risk for ectopic pregnancy
- no protection against STIs and HIV

34
Q

How does male sterilization work ?

A

vasectomy
- sealing, tying or cutting of the vas deferens
- can be reversed
- must have 2 consecutive sperm counts of zero to be considered infertile
- complications such as pain, bleeding and infection can occur, most complications are minor

35
Q

Family

A

primary unit of socialization and basic structural unit within a community

36
Q

What is the difference between family and family dynamics ?

A

family dynamics is interrelationships between and among individual family members or the force at work within a family that produce particular behaviors or symptoms

37
Q

What is Family Systems Theory ?

A

Wright & Leahy
- nurses view family as a unit and focus on observing the family interactions vs. individually
- change in one family member affects the whole family
- family as a whole is greater than the sum of the individuals
- family able to create balance between change and stabilitu

38
Q

What is the Structural-Functional Theory ?

A

family is a social system and each member has a specific role
- doesn’t focus much on if someone can’t do their role and what happens

39
Q

What is Family Stress Theory ?

A

the way a family reacts to internal and external contexts of stress

40
Q

What is Family Life Cycle Theory ?

A

relationships between family members pass through stages depending on developmental stresses

41
Q

What does Calgary’s Family Assessment Model look like ?

A

Structural
- members of family, relationships and context of the family
Developmental
- considers concurrent development of individuals within the family
Functional
- addresses how family members behave in relation to one another
- Instrumental: family activities of day-to-day living
- Expressive: communication, problem solving, power, values, beliefs

42
Q

Family Cohesion

A

emotional bonding between family members

43
Q

What is a Ecomap ?

A

a genogram

44
Q

Family Coping

A

actions that manage stressors

45
Q

Family Disorganization

A

loss of social controls that can lead to negative family dynamics

46
Q

Family Functioning

A

the capacity of the family to meet the needs of family members

47
Q

Culture

A

shared values and beliefs of the family

48
Q

What is Indiana’s intimate partner violence laws like ?

A

Indiana isn’t an automatic report state where someone over the age of 18 has to be reported for
- if under the age of 18 then it must be reported

49
Q

What is Confidentiality in IPV (intimate partner violence)?

A

always see patient alone for every visit so that you can bring up relationship violence safety
- be nonjudgmental
- listen
- offer info and support
- don’t push for disclosure

50
Q

What is Support in IPV ?

A

know how to support someone who discloses violence
- offer a care plan and safety plan
- makes a warm referral to local domestic/sexual violence partner agency

51
Q

How are adolescents different with IPV ?

A
  • many times they don’t have much experiences with partners
  • may not realize partner violence is occuring
  • ask questions like,” does your partner shame you or make you feel stupid, threaten you with embarrassing you so that they can control you” ?
52
Q

What are some important things to keep in mind when screening patients for violence ?

A
  • be patient
  • don’t be in a rush
  • be willing to listen and give your full attention
  • may have to get creative on how to separate the person experiencing the violence and the aggressor
53
Q

How will a secure baby act when separated from caregiver ?

A

they will cry and want to be reunited and when they are reunited they stop crying and

54
Q

How will an avoidant baby act when separated from caregiver ?

A

they will show no signs of distress or want to be reunited
- due to lack of trust with caregiver
- can lead to a dismissive adult who will do well in situation that don’t demand interpersonal connection

55
Q

How will an Ambivalent baby act when separated from caregiver ?

A

will cry and want to be reunited and when parent comes back they will still cry and may push away from parent

56
Q

What is a family ?

A

primary unity of socialization and basic structural unit within a community

Promoting Healthy Populations (12 decks)

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