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Summer 2017-Oral Medicine Final > Substance Abuse > Flashcards

Substance Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

___ is the most common drug of abuse

A

alcohol

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2
Q

Alcohol

A
  1. CNS depressant
  2. teratogen (fetal alcohol syndrome)
  3. affects judgement, concentration, coordination
  4. 25% of auto accidents
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3
Q

Dental Aspects - Alcohol

A
  1. impaired informed consent
  2. erratic appointments
  3. aggressive behavior
  4. anemia/thrombocytopenia
  5. drug interactions
  6. altered drug metabolism (especially drugs that are metabolized by the liver)
  7. avoid general anesthesia
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4
Q

Aspirin and NSAIDs should be avoided for patients with __

A

alcohol dependency

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5
Q

Poor wound healing, sialosis, leukoplakia, and squamous cell cacinoma are characteristic of ___

A

alcohol dependency

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6
Q

Amphetamines

A
  1. euphoriant
  2. counters fatigue
  3. weight loss
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7
Q

Elevated BP, hyperpyrexia, insomnia, anorexia, hallucinations/paranoia, hyposalivation, rampant caries, and bruxism are characteristic of patients with __

A

amphetamine dependency

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8
Q

Barbiturates

A
  1. sedative-hypnotics
  2. treaty anxiety and insomnia (not commonly used today)
  3. cause respiratory depression, bradycardia, impaired cognition
  4. narrow therapeutic index
  5. often mixed with other recreational drug (heroin)
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9
Q

Therapeutic Index

A

How much of the drug is required to get the desired affect from the drug?

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10
Q

Benzodiazopenes

A
  1. anxiolytics
  2. psychological effects (relatively) less severe
  3. rapid physical dependence
  4. insomnia, paradoxical anxiety (makes you more anxious instead of less), anorexia, occasional psychotic episodes
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11
Q

Cocaine

A
  1. common drug of abuse
  2. profound, immediate CNS effects
    * *hyperstimulation
    * *diminished fatigue
    * *diminished appetite
    * *feeling of well-being
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12
Q

Cocaine mimics __

A

adrenaline

1 dilated pupils

  1. peripheral constriction
  2. hyperpyrexia
  3. tachycardia
  4. hypertension
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13
Q

Paranoia, visual hallucinations, formication (itchy sensation), cardiovascular effects, respiratory depression, ischemic necrosis (perforated septum and hard palate) is characteristic of __

A

cocaine

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14
Q

What are the withdrawl symptoms of cocaine?

A
  1. depression
  2. sleep craving
  3. fatigue
  4. recurrence of craving
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15
Q

Cocaine - Dental Aspects

A
  1. blood-borne infections
  2. xerostomia
  3. bruxism
  4. dental erosion
  5. NO EPI for 2 hours after last use
  6. best to treat 6 hours after last use
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16
Q

__ is the second most commonly abused substance

A

marijuana

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17
Q

Marijuana

A
  1. influence pleasure, memory, thought, concentration, sensory/time perception
  2. impaired attention, memory, learning
  3. 50-70% more carcinogens that tobacco**
    4 impaired immune function, increased risk of MI, respiratory infection, fetal neurological maldevelopment
  4. xerostomia, increased appetite, oral leukoplakia
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18
Q

Opioid analgesics

A
  1. morphine

2. heroin

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19
Q

Synthetic opioids

A
  1. methadone

2. codeine

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20
Q

Clinical Aspects - Opiates and Opioids

A
  1. analgesia
  2. respiratory depression
  3. nausea
  4. decreased GI motility**
  5. sedation
  6. addiction
  7. CNS depression/sleepiness
  8. euphoria
  9. constricted pupils
  10. impaired mental function
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21
Q

Weight loss, self-neglect, needle marks, drug tolerance is characteristic of __

A

analgesic and opioid addicts

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22
Q

Dental Aspects - Opiates and Opioids

A
  1. significant dental neglect
  2. cariogenic diet
  3. pain control is difficult
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23
Q

Ischemic necrosis (hole in septum and hard palate)

24
Q

altered drug metabolism (especially drugs that are metabolized by liver)

25
Q

Elevated BP

A

amphetamine

26
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

amphetamine

27
Q

Insomnia

A

amphetamine, Benzodiazopenes

28
Q

Anorexia

A

amphetamine

29
Q

Hallucinations/paranoia

A

amphetamine

30
Q

Hyposalivation

A

amphetamine

31
Q

Rampant caries

A

amphetamine

32
Q

Bruxism

A

amphetamine

33
Q

Sedative-hynotics

A

Barbiturates

34
Q

treats anxiety and insomnia

A

Barbiturates

35
Q

respiratory depression, bradycardia, impaired cognition

A

Barbiturates

36
Q

narrow therapeutic index

A

Barbiturates

37
Q

often mixed with heroin

A

Barbiturates

38
Q

Anxiolytics

A

Benzodiazopenes

39
Q

psychological effects LESS severe

A

Benzodiazopenes

40
Q

paradoxical anxiety

A

Benzodiazopenes

41
Q

anorexia

A

Benzodiazopenes

42
Q

psychotic episodes

A

Benzodiazopenes

43
Q

Paranoia/visual hallucination

44
Q

itchy sensation

45
Q

cardiovascular effects

46
Q

respiratory depression

47
Q

influences pleasure, memory, thought, concentration, sensory/time perception

48
Q

50-70% more carcinogens than tobacco

49
Q

impaired immune funtion

50
Q

increased risk of MI

51
Q

respiratory infection

52
Q

fetal neurological mal-development

53
Q

decreased GI motility

A

opiates and opioids

54
Q

significant dental neglect

A

opiates and opioids

55
Q

cariogenic diet

A

opiates and opioids

Summer 2017-Oral Medicine Final (17 decks)

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