Gender Issues Flashcards
Sex
- defined biologically and physiologically
2. male and female
Gender
- socially constructed roles, behaviors, and attributes that society considers appropriate for males and females
- masculine and feminine
Men’s life expectancy is ___ than it is for women
5 years less
Men are dying __ than women for 9 out of the 10 causes of death
higher rates
Top five causes of death in men
- heart disease: 24.9%
- cancer: 24.4%
- accidents-6.2%
- lung disease-5.9%
- stroke-4.3%
__ is the top reason men don’t go to the doctor
too busy to go
__ is the most common cancer in men
prostate cancer
__ is the most common fatal cancer in men
lung cancer
The majority of cases of cancer happen to men __ (age)
55 years and over
BPH (prostate enlargement)
- progressive condition
2. frequent urination, decreased urine stream, difficulty/pain while urinating/feeling of incomplete emptying of bladder
Who does BPH affect?
- half of men over 50
2. 90% of men by age 80
Younger men are more likely to have a mild/more aggressive form of prostate cancer
more aggressive form
__ men are at increased risk (race)
African American
Prostatitis
inflammation of prostate that may be caused by an infection
__ cancer is the most common form of cancer of men between ages 15-39
testicular cancer
Risk factors of testicular cancer
- undescended testes
- family history
- white men
- less common among older and middle aged men
Cancer - Dental Aspects
- metastases may involve jaws
2. chemotherapy may cause mucositis and immunosuppression
The average man brushes his teeth __ times a day
1.9
Non-smoking men will lose __ teeth by age 72, smoker
- non-smoker: 5.4
2. smoker: 12
What orofacial manifestations are especially common in women?
- anorexia nervosa/bulimia
- atypical facial pain
- burning mouth syndrome
- facial arthromyalgia (TMJ)
- pemphigus and pemphigoid
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Sjogren syndrome
Top three causes of death for women
- heart disease: 24%
- cancer: 22.2%
* *lung
* *breast - stroke: 6.3%
__ is the most common cancer in women
breast
Breast cancer is more common in __ women (race)
white
__ is the second leading cause of cancer death
breast cancer
Breast cancer incidence increases/decreases with age
increases
Breast Cancer risk factors
- age
- family history
- obesity
- alcohol
- hormone replacement therapy
- ionizing radiation
- having children late/not at all
- history of cancer
- genetics
Changes in blood chemistry during pregnancy
- increased number of blood clots
- increased clotting factors
- increased fibrinolytic activity
- iron deficiency and anemia
Cardiovascular System changes during pregnancy
- tachycardia
- increased cardiac output and heart rate
- increased stroke volume
Respiratory system changes in pregnancy
- diaphragm displaced superiorly
- hyperventilation
- decreased functional reserve capacity
GI system changes in pregnancy
- nausea, vomiting
2. heart burn and acidity
Tx Timing - First Trimester
- spontaneous miscarriages naturally occur more often in first trimester
- fetal organ formation and differentation
- most susceptible to adverse effects of teratogens
- avoid elective tx
- anticipatory guidance
Tx Timing - Second Trimester
- fetal growth/development
- safest period to provide dental care
- easier to prevent that tx established disease
Tx Timing -Third Trimester
- uncomfortable visits late in term
2. supine hypotension syndrome
__ is the best trimester for routine dental care
second trimester
Local anesthesia is/is not a teratogen
is NOT
Local anesthesia should be given __ (dose) to pregnant women
usual clinical doses
Large does of prilocaine can cause __
methemoglobinemia, which could cause maternal and fetal hypoxia
