Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Summer 2017-Oral Medicine Final > Nephrology > Flashcards

Nephrology Flashcards

1
Q

Chronic Renal Disease

A
  1. F > M
  2. more likely to progress to renal failure in men
  3. 35% of adult diabetics
  4. 20% of adults with hypertension
  5. usually irreversible and progressive end-stage renal disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clinical Symptoms of Chronic Renal Disease

A
  1. initially asymptomatic until GFR < 25%
  2. uremia
  3. thrombocytopenia–>purpura
  4. diminished thromboxane–>impaired thrombin formation
  5. elevated prostacyclin–>poor platelet aggregation
  6. defective von Willebrand factor
  7. hypertension
  8. anemia
  9. defective phagocyte function–>infection
  10. renal osteodystrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Renal Osteodystrophy

A
  1. phosphate retention
  2. calcium excretion
  3. increased PTH (secondary hyperparathyroidism)
  4. giant cell lesions of the bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Management of Chronic Renal Disease

A
  1. control blood pressure
  2. treat infection
  3. restrict potassium
  4. CV risk-reduction strategies
  5. replenish iron stores
  6. inhibit bone resorption
    * *reduce PTH/bisphosphonates
  7. avoid renally-cleared/nephrotic drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dental Aspects-Hemodialysis

A
  1. periodontal disease is COMMON
  2. dental tx best done the day AFTER dialysis
  3. bleeding tendency due to heparinization
  4. oral infection–>septicemia
  5. hyposalivation
  6. mucosal ulceration
  7. NO general anesthesia
  8. uremic stomatitis, metallic taste, loss of lamina dura, osteoporosis, giant cell lesions of bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Uremic Stomatitis

A
  1. patient’s breath may smell like ammonia

2. white lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome

A
  1. glomerular damage–>proteinuria–>hypoalbuminemia–>edema
  2. face, genital, lower limb edema
  3. ascites
  4. loss of immunoglobuilns–>infection
  5. increased clotting factors–>hypercoagulability
  6. Vitamin D deficiency–>renal osteodystrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Management of Nephrotic Syndrome

A
  1. reduce proteinuria
  2. control infections
  3. prevent thromboembolism
  4. corticosteroids, low salt/high protein diet, Warfarin, prophylactic antimicobials
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome-Dental Aspects

A
  1. long-term corticosteroid side effects

2. consider antibiotic prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones)

A
  1. VERY common
  2. usually visible radiographically
  3. no consistent relationship to underlying systemic disease
  4. no relationship to dental calculus or salivary stones
  5. if not spontaneously passed, treated with lithotripsy or surgical removal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Renal Cancer

A
  1. 90% are adenocarinomas (malignancy of glandular tissue)
  2. hematuria is often the initial symptom
  3. treated with nephrectomy
  4. may metastasize to the jaws
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Renal Transplantation

A
  1. treatment of choice for ESRD
  2. 90% one-year graft survival
  3. 70% five-year graft survival
  4. life-long immunosuppresion (increased oral infection risk, gingival hyperplasia, oral ulceration)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cyclosporine and Nifedipine

A
  1. sometimes given to patients to help with immunosuppression after a kidney transplant
  2. may lead to gingival hyperplasia
  3. improved oral hygiene can help offset the gingival hyperplasia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acute Renal Failure

A
  1. Pre-renal factors (55%)
    * *hypotension
    * *thrombosis
    * *sepsis
    * *dehydration
    * *heat stroke
    * *drugs
  2. Post-renal factors
    * *obstructed urine flow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chronic Renal Disease - Anatomical Classification

A
  1. vascular
  2. glomerular
  3. tubulointerstitial
  4. obstructive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chronic Renal Disease - Etiology

A
  1. diabetes
  2. hypertension
  3. glomerulonephritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Females/men are more likely to get chronic renal disease

A

Females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Females/men are more likely to progress form chronic renal disease to renal failure

19
Q

Renal cancer may metastasize to the __ (body part)

20
Q

The first sign of renal cancer is __ (symptom)

21
Q

Renal osteodystrophy is characterized by phosphate retention/secretion and calcium retention/secretion

A

phosphate retention

calcium secretion

22
Q

Renal osteodystrophy is characterized by increased/decreased PTH

A

increased PTH

23
Q

Chronic renal disease affects __ (percent) of adult diabetics

24
Q

Chronic renal disease affects __ (percent) of adults with hypertension

25
Q

Initially asymptomatic until GFR < 25%

A

Chronic Renal Disease

26
Q

Uremia

A

Chronic Renal Disease

27
Q

Thrombocytopenia–>purpura

A

Chronic Renal Disease

28
Q

Diminished thromboxane–>impaired thrombin formation

A

Chronic Renal Disease

29
Q

Elevated prostacylcin–>poor platelet aggregation

A

Chronic Renal Disease

30
Q

Defective von Willebrand factor

A

Chronic Renal Disease

31
Q

Hypertension

A

Chronic Renal Disease

32
Q

Anemia

A

Chronic Renal Disease

33
Q

Defective phagocyte function–>infection

A

Chronic Renal Disease

34
Q

Giant cell lesions of the bone

A

Renal osteodystrophy

35
Q

Glomerular damage

A

Nephrotic syndrome

36
Q

Face, genital, lower limb edema

A

Nephrotic syndrome

37
Q

Ascites

A

Nephrotic syndrome

38
Q

Loss of immunoglobulins/infection

A

Nephrotic syndrome

39
Q

Increased clotting factors/hyper-coagulability

A

Nephrotic syndrome

40
Q

Vitamin D deficiency/renal osteodystrophy

A

Nephrotic syndrome

41
Q

Proteinuria/hypoalbuminemia

A

Nephrotic syndrome

42
Q

__ (percent) of renal cancers are adenocarcinomas

43
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

Cyclosporine and Nifedipine

Summer 2017-Oral Medicine Final (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions