Infections and Infestations Flashcards
Actinomycosis
- LUMPY JAW
- cervicofacial varient (most common)
- draining posterior mandibular sinuses
- SULFUR GRANULES
MRSA
- resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics
- spread via person-to-person contact
- common hospital acquired infection
- community-acquired MRSA
* *IVDUs
* *children in day care
* *athletes
* *military
* *inmates
Tetanus
- deep puncture wound contaminated with clostridium tetani
- non-communicable
- muscular spasms (“lock jaw”)
- treat with anti-tetanus Ig, tetanus toxoid
- 60% mortality in untreated cases from asphyxia, autonomic dysfunction, bronchial pneumonia
Bites
- domestic dogs/cats
- non-immunized domestic pets and wild animals (rabies)
- human bites (hep and HIV risk)
Enteroviruses
- multiply in gut
- fecal-oral transmission
- life-long immunity following infection
- Hep A
- poliomyelitis
- herpangina (NOT related to herpes virus)
* *posterior soft palate
* *oral pharyngeal ulcers
* *constitutional symptoms
* *symptomatic tx
Hand, Foot , and Mouth Disease
- enterovirus
- widespread oral ulcers
- resemble primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
- constitutional symptoms
- symptomatic tx
HHV-Type 1
- primary herpes
* *gingiovastomatitis in children
* *often asymptomatic
* *latent virus in trigeminal ganglion
* *fever blisters
* *cold sores - recurrent herpes
* *viral reactivation
* *multiple stimuli: UV radiation, trauma
HHV-Type 2
- secondary herpes
- genital herpes
- oral lesions identical to HHV Type 1
Varicella Zoster-Type 3
- tertiary herpes virus
- chicken pox
* *primary infection: virus resides in nerve cell bodies - shingles (herpes zoster)
* *recurrent infection: dermatomal distribution
EBV-Type 4
herpes virus
- mononucleosis
* *kissing
* *PALATAL PETECHIAE - Burkitt lymphoma
* *African children
* *massive mandibular swelling - nasopharyngeal carcinoma
* *Asians - hairy leukoplakia
* *hairy leukoplakia
Cytomegalovirus-Type 5
herpes virus
- teratogenic
- retinitis-AIDS
- oral aphthae-AIDS
HIV-type 6
herpes virus
exanthum suitum
HHV-type 7
herpes virus
roseola infantum
HHV-type 8
herpes virus
Kaposi sarcoma
Measles
- resurgence due to lack of vaccination
- KOPLIK SPOTS
3 significant cause of death in third world countries
Molluscum contagiosum
umbilicated facial papules
Mumps
- resurgence due to lack of vaccination
- PAROTID ENLARGMENT
- male sterility in adults
HPV
- epitheliotrophic viruses (>100)
- verucca vulgaris (kin warts)
- condyloma acuminatum (genital warts)
- oral mucosal papillomas
- oral pharyngeal carcinoma (HPV 16, 18)
- adolescent vaccination
Rubella (German Measles)
infection during first trimester is teratogenic
- deafness
- learning disabilities
- retinopathy
4 cardiac malformations
Candidiasis
- acute pesudomembranous (thrush)
- erythematous (denture-related)
- angular chelitis
- candidal leukoplakia
Tinea
dermatophytes
Tinea barbae
barber itch
Tinea capitis
ringworm
Tinea cruris
jock itch
Tinea pedis
athlete’s itch
Aspergillosis
lungs/sinuses
Coccidiomycosis
AIDS
Histoplasmosis
MOST FREQUENT systemic mycosis in US
Mucormycosis
- rhinocerebral form
2. common in poorly controlled diabetes
Crytpsporidiosis
- caused by cryptosporidium
- fecal conatimation of drinking water
- resistant to chlorine
Amebiasis
- entamoeba histolytica
2. amoebic dysentery
Giardiasis
- giardia lamblia
2. fecal contamination of drinking water
Leishmaniasis
- found in blood-sucking sandlfies (intermediate host)
- mucocutaneous
* *purific facial (nasal papule)–>enlarging ulcer
* *slow healing–>3-12 months with scarring - visceral
* *fever splenomegaly, anemia, wasting
* *potentially fatal
Malaria
- most common parasitic infection world-wide
- transmitted by mosquitos
- multiple species of Plasmodium
- infets RBCs–>hemolysis
- hyperexia, rigors, chills
Toxoplasmosis
- GI parasite, especially CATS
2. teratogenic–>avoid CAT LITTER if pregnant`
Cysticercosis
- AKA tapeworm
- cysticercus cellulosae
- infected pork
Filariasis
- transmitted via blood-sucking insects
- onchocerciasis
* *facial lesion
* *river blindness (Africa) - Wucheria bancrofti
* *lymphatic
* *elephantiasis
Larvis migrans
- AKA HOOKWORM
2. animal GI system–>ova in fees–>soil–>larvae infects humans–>wander in tissue
Trichinosis
- MOST FREQUENT roundworm infestation affecting muscle
- contaminated pork (not common in US)
- may affect tongue and masseter
* *calcify, appear as radiopaque nodules
Mites
sarcoptes scabei (scabies)
- burrows under skin (lays eggs)
- pruritic inflammatory response
Cat Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)
- constitutional symptoms
2. cranial, cervical, axillary lymphadenopathy
Pneumocystis carinii
AIDS pneumonia
Lumpy jaw
Actinomycosis
Draining posterior mandibular sinuses
Actinomycosis
Sulfur granules
Actinomycosis
Resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics
MRSA
Muscular spasms (lock jaw)
tetanus
Enterovirus multiples __
in gut
Fecal-oral transmission
enteroviruses
Life-long immunity following infection
enteroviruses
Poliomyelitis
enteroviruses
Posterior soft palate
herpangina
Oral pharyngeal ulcers
herpangina
Hand, foot, mouth disease
enterovirus
Widespread oral ulcers
Hand, foot, mouth disease
Resembles herpetic gingovostomatitis
Hand, foot, mouth disease
Primary herpes
HHV-Type 1
Gingivostomatitis in children
HHV-Type 1
Latent virus in trigeminal ganglion
HHV-Type 1
Fever blisters/cold sores
HHV-Type 1
Secondary herpes
HHV-Type 2
Genital herpes
HHV-Type 2
Oral lesions identical to HHV-Type 1
HHV-Type 2
Tertiary Herpes Virus
Varicella Zoster
Chicken Pox
Varicella Zoster, Tertiary Herpes Virus
Virus resides in nerve cell bodies
Chicken pox
Dermatomal distribution
Shingles
Kissing
monomucleosis
Palatal petechiae
mononucleosis
African children
Burkitt lymphoma
Massive mandibular swelling
Burkitt lymphoma
Asians
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Koplik spots
Measles
Parotid enlargement
Mumps
Male sterility in adults
Mumps
Sandflies
Leishmaniasis
Blood-sucking insects
Filariasis
Facial lesions, river blindness (Africa)
Onchocerciasis
Lymphatic, elephantitis
Wucheria bancrofti
Most frequent roundworm infestation infecting muscle
Trichinosis
Affects tongue and massester (radiopaque nodules)
Trichinosis
Larvis migrans
Hookworm
Scabies
Mites