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Summer 2017-Oral Medicine Final > Impairment and Disability > Flashcards

Impairment and Disability Flashcards

1
Q

Impairment

A
  1. functional limitation caused by physical, mental, sensory impairment
  2. problem with a structure or organ of the body
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2
Q

Disability

A
  1. loss/limitations of opportunities to participate in normal life of community at equal level with others due to physical/social barriers
  2. person-based
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3
Q

Handicap

A
  1. disadvantage suffered as consequence of impairment and disability
  2. refers to environmental factor preventing filling of normal life role
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4
Q

Inherited

A

genetically transmitted

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5
Q

Congenital

A

caused by mother’s infection or other disease during pregnancy, embryonic, fetal developmental irregularities, or by injury during/soon after birth

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6
Q

Acquired

A

illness or injury

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7
Q

__ have a disability in the US

A

20%

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8
Q

__ is the most common functional disability type

A

mobility limitation

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9
Q

Disability is especially common in __ and __

A
  1. women (25%)

2. minorities (30%)

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10
Q

People with disabilities are more likely to __

A
  1. have less than $15,000 income
  2. be unemployed
  3. have not completed a high school degree
  4. be obese, smoke, have high BP, be inactive
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11
Q

Main problems associated with discrimination

A

access to

  1. premises
  2. facilities
  3. health care
  4. education
  5. employment
  6. recreation
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12
Q

Possible consequences

A
  1. difficulties with stairs
  2. inappropriate stairs
  3. inadequately trained staff
  4. often lower wedges
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13
Q

Main problems with prejudice

A
  1. denied anonymity
  2. denied respect
  3. hostility
  4. patronization
  5. lower expectation of achievement
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14
Q

Possible consequences of prejudice

A
  1. stared at
  2. regarded as “burden”
  3. intolerant
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15
Q

Main problems with ignorance

A
  1. fear of people with disabilities

2. inadequate education of careers or professionals

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16
Q

Possible consequences of ignorance

A
  1. fear of aggression or being bitten

2. undergraduate training lacing or scarce

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17
Q

__ is the most common congenital physical handicap

A

cerebal palsy

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18
Q

What is cerebal palsy?

A

affects a person’s ability to move and maintain posture and balance

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19
Q

What causes cerebal palsy?

A

brain damage/abnormal brain development that happens before birth or early in life

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20
Q

How often does cerebal palsy occur?

A

1/323 babies

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21
Q

Risk Factors for Cerebral Palsy

A
  1. beech presentation
  2. low birth weight
  3. maternal infection
  4. meconium staining of amniotic fluid
    * *caused by stool passed by fetus in utero
  5. vaginal bleeding during pregnancy
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22
Q

__ is the most common type of cerebal palsy

A

SPASTIC

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23
Q

Monoplegia Spastic Cerebal Palsy

A
  1. affects one limb

2. usually affects the arm

24
Q

Hemiplegia Spastic Cerebal Palsy

A
  1. affects one side of the body

2. usually affects the leg, trunk, and arm

25
Q

Diplegia Spastic Cerebal Palsy

A

affects either both arms or both legs

26
Q

Quadreplegia Spastic Cerebal Palsy

A

affects all four limbs of the body

27
Q

__ is the most common subtype of spastic cerebal palsy

A

hemiplegia

28
Q

Cerebral Palsy - Clinical Features

A
  1. delays/problems with motor skills development
  2. abnormal walking with one foot/leg dragging
  3. stiff muscles
  4. exaggerated/jerky reflexes
  5. lack of coordination/balance
  6. weakness
  7. drooling, difficulty swallowing
  8. wheelchairs
29
Q

Cerebral Palsy - Coexisting Conditions

A
  1. epilepsy
  2. vision/hearing impairment
  3. learning disabilities
  4. autism
  5. chronic pain/discomfort
  6. ADHD
  7. speech disorders
  8. mental health disorders
30
Q

Cerebral Palsy - Oral Health Problems

A
  1. bruxism/abnormal attrition
  2. spontaneous dislocation or subluxation of the TMJ
  3. drooling
  4. increased risk for oral trauma/injury
    5 dilantin hyperplasia for those with epilepsy
  5. mouth breathing
  6. malocclusion
  7. oral hypersensitivity (over-reaction to touch, taste, etc)
  8. hyperactive bite and gag reflex
31
Q

Hydrocephalus

A
  1. hydro: water; cephalus=head
  2. neurological disorder
  3. caused by raised intracranial pressure due to accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within ventricles and/or subarachnoid space
  4. congenital or acquired
32
Q

Hydrocephalus - Signs

A
  1. large head
  2. headache
  3. vomiting
  4. mental changes
33
Q

Hydrocephalus - Complications

A
  1. epilepsy
  2. spasticity
  3. learning impairment
  4. visual impairment
34
Q

__ is the most common tx for hydrocephalus

A

CSF

35
Q

Hydrocephalus - Dental Aspects

A
  1. weight/size of the hydrocephalic head
  2. provide a comfy position for the patient’s head
  3. shunted treated patients
    * *don’t put pressure on drainage tube
    * *antibiotic prophy may be needed
  4. may have shunt infection/spina bifida/latex allergy/epilepsy/learning/visual impairment
36
Q

Spina Bifida

A
  1. split spin
  2. fetus’ spine fails to close during first month of pregnancy
    * *incomplete brain development/spinal cord/vertebrae’s protective coverings
  3. deficiency of folic acid in pregnancy may pre-dispose
37
Q

Spina bifida occulata

A
  1. rarely any obvious clinical or neurological disorder
  2. may be detected by small naevus of tuft of hair over lumbar spine in some patients
  3. found in about 50% of apparently healthy children
38
Q

Spina bifida cystica

A

extensive vertebral defect through which spinal cord/coverings

39
Q

Meningocoele

A
  1. protrusion of meninges as a sac covered by skin, rarely causing neurological defect
  2. 20% have hydrocephalus
40
Q

Myelomeningocoele

A
  1. meninges and nerve tissue protruded and exposed
  2. liable to infection, particularly meningitis
  3. neurological defects (paralysis, loss of sensation/reflexes in lower limbs)
41
Q

__ is the most serious type of spina bifida

A

myelomeningocele

42
Q

Spina Bifida - Dental Aspects

A
  1. latex free environment
  2. wheelchair access
  3. limited radiation
  4. accommodation for comfort
43
Q

Thalidomide Syndrome

A

babies born with birth defects

  1. blindness
  2. deafness
  3. cleft palate
  4. malformed internal organs
  5. phocomelia (seal-like limbs)
  6. enamel hypoplasia
  7. abnormalities in tongue morphology
44
Q

Thalidomide was used to tx __

A

morning sickness

45
Q

Learning Impairment

A
  1. limitations in mental functioning and communicating, self care, social skills
  2. IQ less than 70
  3. 3% affected
  4. often caused by brain damage
  5. can also cause physical problems
    * *epilepsy
    * *visual defects
    * *hearing
    * *speech
    * *behavioral disorders
    * *cardiac defects
    * *pica
    * *self-mutilation
46
Q

People with learning impairments have different/similar patterns of caries compared to the general population of similar age

A

same pattern

47
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A
  1. developmental disability characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication
  2. restricted/repetetive patterns of thought and behavior
48
Q

Three parts of Autism Spectrum Disorder

A
  1. communication
  2. behavior
  3. social functioning
49
Q

__ is the fastest-growing developmental disability

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

50
Q

ASD is more common in boys/girls

A

boys

51
Q

ASD symptoms are recognized during what period of life?

A

first two years

52
Q

ASD - Dental Aspects

A
  1. communication problems and mental capabilities
  2. behavior problems
  3. unusual response to stimuli
  4. unusual and unpredictable body movements
  5. bruxism
  6. tongue thrusting
  7. self-injury
  8. pica
  9. poor oral hygiene
53
Q

People with ASD have different/similar patterns of caries compared to the general population of similar age

A

similar

54
Q

ASD - Dental Management

A
  1. desensitization appointment
  2. quiet, short visits
  3. routine
  4. “tell-show-do”
  5. minimize distractions
55
Q

Down Syndrome

A
  1. genetic disorder (extra full/partial copy of chromosome 21)
  2. ranges in severity, usually has medical and physical problems
  3. 1 in 800 live births
  4. commonly seen in older mothers
56
Q

Down Syndrome - Dental Aspects

A
  1. usually friendly and cooperative
  2. macroglossia
  3. lip, tongue fissuring
  4. periodontal disease
  5. bruxism
  6. malocclusion
  7. drooling
  8. delayed eruption
  9. hypodontia/microdontia
    10 omega shaped palate

Summer 2017-Oral Medicine Final (17 decks)

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