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Summer 2017-Oral Medicine Final > Materials and Drugs > Flashcards

Materials and Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Chlorhexidine Allergy

A
  1. rare allergy
  2. antiseptic/disinfectant
  3. treat like latex allergy
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2
Q

Metal allergies

A
  1. gold alloys: rare
  2. mercury amalgam: silver, tin, copper, zinc–>Lichenoid rxn
  3. Nickel: nickel titanium orthodontic wire, jewelry
  4. titanium: rare
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3
Q

Dental cement allergies are rare/common

A

rare

  1. zinc phosphate
  2. zinc oxide and eugenol
  3. polycaroxylate
  4. glass ionomer
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4
Q

Bis-phenol A allergy in dental sealants and composites

A
  1. in vitro estrogenic activity
  2. obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovaries, low sperm count
  3. SMALL amount of leaching compared to plastic bottles and can liners
  4. NO basis for dental concern
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5
Q

Zinc in Polygrip and Fixodent

A
  1. absorption potentially causes copper deficiency
  2. can lead to myelopathy and polyneuropathy WHEN NOT USED IN ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURER’S DIRECTIONS
  3. Sln - reformulate products to “zinc free”
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6
Q

__ is the level of water fluoridation in WI

A

0.7 ppm

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7
Q

Fluoridation

A

No relationship to

  1. bladder cancer or osteosarcoma
  2. bone strength, mineral density, bone fracture
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8
Q

Mercury

A

high levels are neurotoxic and nephrotoxic

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9
Q

__ mercury poisoning is the most common

A

organic

ex: industrial pollution gets into fish

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10
Q

Inorganic mercury salt poisoning is rare/common

A

rare

  1. acrodynia: exfoliation, hypersalivation, muscular, hypotonia, peripheral edema
  2. GI ulceration, necrosis
  3. renal failure
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11
Q

Metallic mercury

A
  1. neurotoxic and nephrotic
  2. mining
  3. santeria - Carribean religious practice
  4. accidents
  5. suicide
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12
Q

Acute Mercury Toxicity

A

rare

  1. penumonitis
  2. CNS symptoms (tremors, excitability)
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13
Q

Chronic mercury toxicity

A

rare

  1. tremor
  2. incoordination
  3. polyneuropathies
  4. senility
  5. anorexia
  6. weight loss
  7. accelerated periodontal disease, gingival pigmentation
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14
Q

Mercury Hygiene

A
  1. no hand trituration of amalgam
  2. no carpeting in dental operatories
  3. no handling of amalgam scraps
  4. common sense
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15
Q

Amalgam emits mercury vapor when __

A
  1. chewing
  2. eating
  3. tooth brushing
  4. drinking hot liquids
  5. H2O2
  6. amalgam removal
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16
Q

__ (states) have statuatory informed consent for amalgam

A
  1. CA
  2. CT
  3. ME
  4. VT
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17
Q

Amalgam is illegal in __ (country)

A

Scandinavia

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18
Q

Mercury disposal

A
  1. amalgam separators (95% effective)

2. amalgam disposal

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19
Q

Water tx plants are __ (percent) effective in removing mercury

A

90%

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20
Q

OTC tooth-whitening

A
  1. trays (10% carbamide peroxide containing 3% H2O2)
  2. paint-on (3-10% H2O2(
  3. strips (6% H2O2)
21
Q

Dentrifices

A
  1. contact dermatitis
  2. contact mucositis
    * *cinnamon flavored products
    * *plasma cell gingivitis
    * *tartar-control dentrifices with cinnamon or pyrophosphates
  3. orofacial granulomatosis
    * *zirconium
22
Q

Pediatric patients need higher/lower drug dosages than adults

23
Q

Most drug allergies/hypersensitivities are __ (antibody) mediated

24
Q

Drug Allergy Diagnosis

A
  1. clinical: rash or anaphylaxis

2. lab: skin testing

25
Q

Drug Allergy Tx

A
  1. discontinue drug

2. pt education

26
Q

Adverse effects with IV anesthetics

A

anaphylaxis

27
Q

Adverse effects with analgesics

A
  1. aspirin: platelet dysfunction

2. acetaminophen: liver dysfunction

28
Q

Adverse effects with anti-convulsants

A
  1. usually skin eruptions

2. potentially fatal

29
Q

Iodinated IV Contrast Media

A
  1. 5-8% of patients
  2. 1% of IgE-mediated urticaria/nausea/vomiting
  3. 0.1% anaphylaxis
30
Q

How to avoid negative drug interactions

A
  1. avoid polypharmacy
  2. only use drugs you are familiar with
  3. get a consult with an MD
  4. be VERY careful
    * *general anesthesia
    * *geriatric patients
    * *poor historians
31
Q

Anticholinergic drugs cause __

A

hyposalivation

32
Q

Chemotherapy drugs cause __

A

oral ulcers

33
Q

Corticosteroids and antibiotics cause __

A

candidiasis

34
Q

Phenytoin, cyclosporin, and calcium channel blockers cause __

A

gingival hyperplasia

35
Q

Contact allergy to cosmetics or food causes __

36
Q

Halitosis is caused by __

A
  1. multiple drugs

2. xerostomia

37
Q

Movement disorders can be caused by __

A

anti-psychotics

38
Q

Neoplasms can be caused by __

A

long-term corticosteroids

39
Q

Stomatodynia/dysesthesia can be caused by __

A

HTN medications

40
Q

Pigmentation can be caused by __

A
  1. bismuth
  2. chlorhexidine
  3. amalgam
  4. metal crown copings
  5. heavy metals
  6. anti-malarials
  7. anti-psychotics
  8. anti-convulsants
  9. antibiotics
41
Q

Anticholinergics can cause __

A

sialorrhea

42
Q

Gingival enlargement can be caused by __

A
  1. phenytoin
  2. cyclosporine
  3. calcium channel blockers
43
Q

Swelling in the lips/floor of mouth can be caused by __

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

44
Q

Angioedema can be caused by __

A
  1. penicillins
  2. ACE inhibitors
  3. aspirin
45
Q

Hypogeusia

A

loss of taste acuity

46
Q

Dysgeusia

A

distortion of taste function

47
Q

Ulceration

A
  1. misapplication of products: aspirin, tooth-ache drops, K+ tabs, H2O2
  2. chemotherapy drugs - MTX, 5-FU
  3. NSAIDs, beta blockers, bisphosphonates
48
Q

Xerostomia can be caused by __

A
  1. smoking
  2. alcohol
  3. drugs

Summer 2017-Oral Medicine Final (17 decks)

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