Materials and Drugs

Question 1

Chlorhexidine Allergy

Answer 1

1. rare allergy
2. antiseptic/disinfectant
3. treat like latex allergy

Question 2

Metal allergies

Answer 2

1. gold alloys: rare
2. mercury amalgam: silver, tin, copper, zinc–>Lichenoid rxn
3. Nickel: nickel titanium orthodontic wire, jewelry
4. titanium: rare

Question 3

Dental cement allergies are rare/common

Answer 3

rare

1. zinc phosphate
2. zinc oxide and eugenol
3. polycaroxylate
4. glass ionomer

Question 4

Bis-phenol A allergy in dental sealants and composites

Answer 4

1. in vitro estrogenic activity
2. obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovaries, low sperm count
3. SMALL amount of leaching compared to plastic bottles and can liners
4. NO basis for dental concern

Question 5

Zinc in Polygrip and Fixodent

Answer 5

1. absorption potentially causes copper deficiency
2. can lead to myelopathy and polyneuropathy WHEN NOT USED IN ACCORDING TO MANUFACTURER’S DIRECTIONS
3. Sln - reformulate products to “zinc free”

Question 6

__ is the level of water fluoridation in WI

Answer 6

0.7 ppm

Question 7

Fluoridation

Answer 7

No relationship to

1. bladder cancer or osteosarcoma
2. bone strength, mineral density, bone fracture

Question 8

Mercury

Answer 8

high levels are neurotoxic and nephrotoxic

Question 9

__ mercury poisoning is the most common

Answer 9

organic

ex: industrial pollution gets into fish

Question 10

Inorganic mercury salt poisoning is rare/common

Answer 10

rare

1. acrodynia: exfoliation, hypersalivation, muscular, hypotonia, peripheral edema
2. GI ulceration, necrosis
3. renal failure

Question 11

Metallic mercury

Answer 11

1. neurotoxic and nephrotic
2. mining
3. santeria - Carribean religious practice
4. accidents
5. suicide

Question 12

Acute Mercury Toxicity

Answer 12

rare

1. penumonitis
2. CNS symptoms (tremors, excitability)

Question 13

Chronic mercury toxicity

Answer 13

rare

1. tremor
2. incoordination
3. polyneuropathies
4. senility
5. anorexia
6. weight loss
7. accelerated periodontal disease, gingival pigmentation

Question 14

Mercury Hygiene

Answer 14

1. no hand trituration of amalgam
2. no carpeting in dental operatories
3. no handling of amalgam scraps
4. common sense

Question 15

Amalgam emits mercury vapor when __

Answer 15

1. chewing
2. eating
3. tooth brushing
4. drinking hot liquids
5. H2O2
6. amalgam removal

Question 16

__ (states) have statuatory informed consent for amalgam

Answer 16

1. CA
2. CT
3. ME
4. VT

Question 17

Amalgam is illegal in __ (country)

Answer 17

Scandinavia

Question 18

Mercury disposal

Answer 18

1. amalgam separators (95% effective)

2. amalgam disposal

Question 19

Water tx plants are __ (percent) effective in removing mercury

Answer 19

90%

Question 20

OTC tooth-whitening

Answer 20

1. trays (10% carbamide peroxide containing 3% H2O2)
2. paint-on (3-10% H2O2(
3. strips (6% H2O2)

Question 21

Dentrifices

Answer 21

1. contact dermatitis
2. contact mucositis
   * *cinnamon flavored products
   * *plasma cell gingivitis
   * *tartar-control dentrifices with cinnamon or pyrophosphates
3. orofacial granulomatosis
   * *zirconium

Question 22

Pediatric patients need higher/lower drug dosages than adults

Answer 22

lower

Question 23

Most drug allergies/hypersensitivities are __ (antibody) mediated

Answer 23

IgE

Question 24

Drug Allergy Diagnosis

Answer 24

1. clinical: rash or anaphylaxis

2. lab: skin testing

Question 25

Drug Allergy Tx

Answer 25

1. discontinue drug | 2. pt education

Question 26

Adverse effects with IV anesthetics

Answer 26

anaphylaxis

Question 27

Adverse effects with analgesics

Answer 27

1. aspirin: platelet dysfunction | 2. acetaminophen: liver dysfunction

Question 28

Adverse effects with anti-convulsants

Answer 28

1. usually skin eruptions | 2. potentially fatal

Question 29

Iodinated IV Contrast Media

Answer 29

1. 5-8% of patients 2. 1% of IgE-mediated urticaria/nausea/vomiting 3. 0.1% anaphylaxis

Question 30

How to avoid negative drug interactions

Answer 30

1. avoid polypharmacy 2. only use drugs you are familiar with 3. get a consult with an MD 4. be VERY careful * *general anesthesia * *geriatric patients * *poor historians

Question 31

Anticholinergic drugs cause __

Answer 31

hyposalivation

Question 32

Chemotherapy drugs cause __

Answer 32

oral ulcers

Question 33

Corticosteroids and antibiotics cause __

Answer 33

candidiasis

Question 34

Phenytoin, cyclosporin, and calcium channel blockers cause __

Answer 34

gingival hyperplasia

Question 35

Contact allergy to cosmetics or food causes __

Answer 35

chelitis

Question 36

Halitosis is caused by __

Answer 36

1. multiple drugs | 2. xerostomia

Question 37

Movement disorders can be caused by __

Answer 37

anti-psychotics

Question 38

Neoplasms can be caused by __

Answer 38

long-term corticosteroids

Question 39

Stomatodynia/dysesthesia can be caused by __

Answer 39

HTN medications

Question 40

Pigmentation can be caused by __

Answer 40

1. bismuth 2. chlorhexidine 3. amalgam 4. metal crown copings 5. heavy metals 6. anti-malarials 7. anti-psychotics 8. anti-convulsants 9. antibiotics

Question 41

Anticholinergics can cause __

Answer 41

sialorrhea

Question 42

Gingival enlargement can be caused by __

Answer 42

1. phenytoin 2. cyclosporine 3. calcium channel blockers

Question 43

Swelling in the lips/floor of mouth can be caused by __

Answer 43

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions

Question 44

Angioedema can be caused by __

Answer 44

1. penicillins 2. ACE inhibitors 3. aspirin

Question 45

Hypogeusia

Answer 45

loss of taste acuity

Question 46

Dysgeusia

Answer 46

distortion of taste function

Question 47

Ulceration

Answer 47

1. misapplication of products: aspirin, tooth-ache drops, K+ tabs, H2O2 2. chemotherapy drugs - MTX, 5-FU 3. NSAIDs, beta blockers, bisphosphonates

Question 48

Xerostomia can be caused by __

Answer 48

1. smoking 2. alcohol 3. drugs