Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioral science > Substance abuse > Flashcards

Substance abuse Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Specifiers for substance abuse

A
  • In early remission: no criteria for >3 months but < 12 months (except craving)
  • Sustained remission: no criteria for > 12 months (except craving)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

withdrawal of PCP, other hallucinogens, inhalants?

A

none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the groups of people more likely to abuse alcohol

A
  • men
  • American Indian
  • Whites
  • unemployed
  • Large metro areas
  • Parolees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe Alcohol withdrawal

A
  • Early: Anxiety, irritability, tremor, HA, insomnia, nausea, tachycardia, HTN, hyperthermia, hyperactive reflexes
  • Seizures: 24-48 hours. most often Grand mal
  • Withdrawal Delirium (DTs): 48-72 hours, altered mental status, hallucinations, marked autonomic instability, life-threatening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What score on CIWA indicates more severe alcohol withdrawal?

A

> 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment for alcohol withdrawal

A
  • Benzo: GABA agonist, cross-tolerant with alcohol. Reduces risk for Sz; provides comfort/sedation. if liver problems use a benzo with no metabolic metabolites
  • Anticonvulsants (Carbamazepine or valproic acid): reduce risk of Sz and may reduce kindling. helpful for protracted withdrawal
  • Thiamine supplementation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do you need to check when patient taking Disulfiram

A

-check LFT’s and h/o hep C . . hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MOA of Naltrexone?

Risk for what at high doses?

A
  • Opioid antagonist . .blocks mu receptors

- Hepatoxicity . .check LFTs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do you need to check in pt using Acamprosate for alcohol use?

A

-kidney function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a common detox mistake for Benzodiazepines?

A

tapering too fast; symptoms worse at end of taper

-consider carbamazepine or valproic acid if doing rapid taper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the benzodiazepines that are metabolized only through glucuronidation in liver and not affected by age/hepatic insufficiency?

A
  • Oxazepam
  • Temazepam
  • Lorazepam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

symptoms of opioid intoxication

A
  • pinpoint pupils
  • sedation
  • Constipation
  • bradycardia
  • HYPOtension
  • decreased respiratory rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

symptoms of Opioid Withdrawal

A
  • Not life threatening but extremely uncomfortable
  • Dilated pupils
  • lacrimation
  • Goosebumps
  • n/v, diarrhea
  • Myalgias and arthralgies
  • dysphoria or agitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give what for opioid withdrawal

A
  • antiemetic
  • antacid
  • antidiarrhea
  • muscle relaxant (methocarbamol)
  • NSAIDs
  • clonidine and maybe BZD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the neuroadaptation with opioid use

A

-increased DA and decreased NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what medications for opioid use disorder

A
  • Methadone (mu antagoist)
  • Naltrexone (mu agonist)
  • Buprenorphine (partial mu agonist with a ceiling effect)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

psychological signs of acute stimulant intoxication

A
  • euphoria
  • enhanced vigor
  • gregariousness
  • hyperactivity
  • Restlessness
  • Interpersonal sensitivity
  • anxiety
  • Tension
  • ANGER
  • impaired judgement
  • PARANOIA
18
Q

Physical signs for acute stimulant intoxication

A
  • Tachycardia
  • PAPILLARY DILATION
  • HTN
  • n/v
  • diaphoresis
  • chills
  • weight loss
  • chest pain
  • cardiac arrhythmias
  • confusion
  • seizures
  • coma
19
Q

symptoms of chronic stimulant intoxication

A
  • affective blunting
  • fatigue
  • sadness
  • social withdrawal
  • hypotension
  • bradycardia
  • muscle weakness
20
Q

Stimulant withdrawal

A
  • Not severe
  • exhaustion with sleep (crash)
  • treat with rest and support
21
Q

complication of cocaine

A
  • vasoconstrictive . . increase risk for CVA and MI (obtain EKG)
  • Can get rhabdomyolysis with compartment syndrome from hypermetabolic state
  • Can see psychosis associated with intoxication that resolves
22
Q

Cocaine prevents reuptake of what?

A

DA

23
Q

difference b/t cocaine and amphetamines on vessels

A

amphetamines have no vasoconstrictive effect

24
Q

amphetamines inhibit reuptake of what?

A

-DA, NE, SE . . greatest effect on DA tho

25
Q

tobacco induces what?

A

CYP1A2 . .watch for interaction when start or stop . .. example: Olanzapine

26
Q

neuroadaptation of nicotine

A

-nicotine acetylcholine receptors on DA neurons in VTA release DA in nucleus accumbens

27
Q

Nicotine withdrawal

A
  • dysphoria
  • irritability
  • anxiety
  • decreased concentration
  • insomnia
  • increased appetite
28
Q

medications for tobacco used disorder

A
  • Bupropion

- Varenicline

29
Q

what are the hallucinogens

A
  • Naturally occurring: Peyote cactus (mescaline); Magic mushroom (psilocybin) - oral
  • synthetic - LSD (Lysergic acid diethyamide) - oral
  • DMT (dimethyltryptamine) - smoked, snuffed, IV
  • STP - oral
  • MDMA: ecstasy - oral
30
Q

symptoms of MDMA (ecstasy) intoxication

A
  • Illusions
  • HYPERACUSIS
  • sensitivity of touch, taste/smell altered
  • “oneness with the world”
  • tearfulness
  • euphoria
  • panic
  • paranoia
  • impaired judgment
31
Q

what is an unpleasant side effect of continued used of MDMA

A

teeth grinding

32
Q

neuroadaptation of MDMA

A

-affects serotonin (5HT), DA, NE but mostly 5HT2 receptor agonist

33
Q

symptoms of Cannabis intoxication

A
  • Appetite and thirst increase
  • Colors/sounds/tastes are clearer
  • increased confidence and euphoria
  • relaxation
  • increased libido
  • Transient depression, anxiety, paranoia
  • Tachycardia, dry mouth, conjunctival injection
  • slowed reaction time/motor speed
  • impaired cognition
  • psychosis
34
Q

Neuroadaptation of Cannabis

A
  • CB1 and CB2 coupled with G proteins and adenylate cyclase to Ca channel . . inhibits Ca influx
  • decrease uptake of GABA and DA
35
Q

withdrawal symptoms of Cannabis

A
  • insomnia
  • irritability
  • anxiety
  • poor appetite
  • depression
  • physical discomfort
36
Q

symptoms of PCP (Phenacyclidine) “angel dust” intoxication

A
  • Severe dissociative reactions: paranoid delusions, hallucinations, can become very agitated/violent with decreased awareness of pain
  • Cerebellar symptoms: ataxia, dysarthria, NYSTAGMUS (vertical and horizontal)
37
Q

consequences of Severe PCP OD

A
  • mute
  • catatonic
  • muscle rigidity
  • HTN
  • HYPERTHERMIA
  • RHABDO
  • seizures
  • COMA
  • DEATH
38
Q

Treatment of PCP use

A
  • Antipsychotic drugs or BZD if required
  • Low stimulation environment
  • Acidify urine if severe toxicity/coma
39
Q

Neuroadaptation of PCP

A
  • opiate receptor

- allosteric modulator of glutamate NMDA receptor

40
Q

PCP withdrawal?

A

NO tolerance or withdrawal

Behavioral science (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions