ADHD Flashcards
1
Q
part of brain most involved in ADHD
A
prefrontal cortex
2
Q
when does the prefrontal cortex finish myelination
A
25
3
Q
Genetics and ADHD
A
- Genetic imbalance in dopamine and noradrenergic systems
- Strong genetic influence
4
Q
Environment and ADHD
A
- Increased risk with prenatal smoking exposure
- Prematurity, Brain injury, fetal alcohol, lead
- Dietary factors do not play a role in majority of children
5
Q
when must symptoms of ADHD be present
A
by 12 years of age
6
Q
how many symptoms must be present to have ADHD
A
6/9
7
Q
criteria symptoms for inattentive ADHD
A
- careless mistakes
- Difficulty sustaining attention
- Does not seem to listen
- Does not follow through on tasks
- Not organized
- Avoids sustained mental effort
- Loses things
- Is easily distracted
- forgetful
8
Q
criteria symtpoms for hyperactive/impulsivity ADHD
A
- Fidgets or squirms
- Inappropriately leaves seat
- inappropriately runs or climbs
- Has difficulty playing quietly
- is “on the go”
- Talks excessively
- Blurts out answers
- Has Difficultly waiting his or her turn
- Interrupts or intrudes on others
9
Q
time frame for ADHD
A
present for over 6 months
10
Q
Comorbidities with ADHD?
A
- Learning disorder (10-30%)
- Opposition defiant disorder/Conduct disorder
- Anxiety or mood disorder
- Tourette’s and tic disorders
- coordination problems
- substance abuse
- sleep problems
- Triad of psychiatry
- PANDA’s
11
Q
What is the triad of psychiatry
A
- ADHD
- Tourette’s syndrome
- OCD
12
Q
What is PANDA’s
A
post infectious state that looks like Triad of psychiatry
13
Q
Primary MOA of stimulants
A
- block reuptake pump
- increases dopamine and NE
14
Q
What action does amphetamine have that other stimulants don’t
A
-cause presynaptic release into synapse
15
Q
Common side effects of stimulants
A
- Decreased appetite - give with or after meals
- Difficulty falling asleep
- Tics
- upset stomach . .give with food
- Headaches
