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Behavioral science > Biostatistics > Flashcards

Biostatistics Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the interquartile range (IQR)?

A

-middle 50% . . from 25th-75th percentile

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2
Q

what is within 1 standard deviation?
2?
3?

A

middle 68%

  • 95%
  • 99.7%
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3
Q

there is a positive skew if what?

negative?

A

mean>median

mean

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4
Q

What test is used to assess for equal variances between groups in interval data?

A

Levene’s test

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5
Q

if interval data is not normally distributed then what?

A

use an ordinal test then

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6
Q

what are the types of comparison/assessment that can be used?

A
  • Correlation
  • Regression (predicts an outcome)
  • Survival comparison (as time progresses . . something over time)
  • Group Comparison
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7
Q

what comparison provides a quantitative measure of the strength and direction of a relationship b/t variables
-values range from -1.0 to +1.0

A

Correlation

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8
Q

Nominal correlation test?

A

Contingency coefficient

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9
Q

Ordinal correlation test

A

Spearman correlation

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10
Q

Interval correlation test

A

Pearson correlation

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11
Q

what does a Kaplan meier Curve represent?

A

proportion of events over time . . so a survival comparison

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12
Q

Nominal Survival test?

A

Log Rank test

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13
Q

Ordinal Survival Test?

A

Cox-Proportional Hazards test

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14
Q

Interval Survival Test?

A

Kaplan Meier test

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15
Q

Nominal Regression test?

A

Logistic Regression

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16
Q

Ordinal Regression test

A

Multinomial logistic regression

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17
Q

Interval Regression test?

A

Linear Regression

18
Q

Nominal Group comparison, 2 groups, independent data

A

(Pearson’s) Chi-squared or Fisher’s Exact

19
Q

Nominal Group comparison, 2 groups, related data?

A

McNemar

20
Q

Nominal Group comparison, 3 or more groups, independent data

A

Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact

21
Q

Nominal Group comparison, 3 or more groups, related data

A

cochran

22
Q

What is the Bonferroni test of inequality used for

A

when a nominal group comparison with 3 or more groups are compared and it is found that there is a difference

23
Q

Ordinal Group comparison, 2 groups, independent data

A

Mann-Whitney

24
Q

Ordinal Group comparison, 2 groups, related data

A

Wilcoxon Signed Rank

25
Q

Ordinal Group comparison, 3 or more groups, independent data

A

Kruskal-Wallis

26
Q

Ordinal Group comparison, 3 or more groups, Related data

A

Friedman

27
Q

When is a Student-Newman-Keul, Dunnet, or Dunn test used

A

when an ordinal group comparison with 3 or more groups is done and there is a difference

28
Q

Interval Group comparison, 2 groups, independent data

A

Student T test

29
Q

Interval Group comparison, 2 groups, related data

A

Paired T test

30
Q

Interval Group comparison, 3 or more groups, independent data

A

ANOVA or MANOVA

31
Q

Interval Group comparison, 3 or more groups, related data

A

Repeated measures ANOVA or Repeated measures MANOVA

32
Q

what are the interval tests done when there are 3 or more groups and a difference is found

A
  • Bonferroni
  • Tukey
  • Scheffe
  • Dunn
  • Dunnett
  • Student-Newman-Keul
33
Q

how do you decide b/t a Chi-squared and a Fisher’s exact test

A
  • Chi-squared used for cell counts > 5

- Fisher’s exact test used with EXPECTED cell count of <5

34
Q

what are the buzz words to know if data b/t comparison groups are related

A
  • pre vs post
  • before and after
  • baseline vs end
35
Q

what is the correlation test showing relationship or agreement b/t evaluators (consistency of “decisions” and “determinations”)

A

Kappa Statistic

36
Q

describe the kappa interpretation

A

+1: the observers perfectly “classify” everyone exactly the same way

0: there is no relationship at all b/t the observers’ “classifications”, above the agreement that would be expected by chance
- 1: the observers “classify” everyone exactly the opposite of each other

37
Q

Describe a Type 1 error

A

Rejecting the Null hypothesis when it is actually true and you should have accepted it

38
Q

Describe a type 2 error

A

Not rejecting the Null hypothesis when it is actually False and you should have rejected it

39
Q

what does the p value represent?

A

the probability of experiencing a type 1 error

-in other words it is the risk of being wrong if we reject the null hypothesis

40
Q

what is often used now in place of the P value and what is the value of it

A

Confidence interval . . most of the time 95%
-states that we are 95% confident that the “true” difference or relationship between the groups is contained within the confidence interval range

41
Q

what happens if the CI crosses 1.0

A

there is NO difference or it’s not significant

Behavioral science (18 decks)

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