Subphylum Vertebrata

Question 1

This group of animals that include…
Many features are …. to the vertebrates, including ….

Answer 1

This group of animals that include humans and their closest relatives
Many features are unique to the vertebrates, including the cranium and backbone

Question 2

Successful Characteristics Of Vertebrates

In terms of skeleton
In terms of bone
In terms of cell type
In terms of brain

Answer 2

1. Possession of internal skeleton: Backbone made of cartilage/bone
2. They are the only animals that have bone
3. They possess a unique cell type, neural crest, which is distinct from endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm
4. Brains of vertebrates are much larger and more complex than those of invertebrate chord

Question 3

Successful Characteristics Of Vertebrates

In terms of axial skeleton
In terms of vertebral column
In terms of appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

They possess axial skeleton made up of:
Cranium, Vertebral Column, Ribs & Sternum(Breast bone)

The vertebral column made up of individual vertebrate, surrounds and protect dorsal nerve cord, and a body cranium surrounds the brain.

The appendicular skeleton made up of bones of pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle and appendages

Question 4

Bone…

Each region of the vertebrate governs…

Answer 4

Bone is a connective tissue in which living cells secrete the mineralized matrix that surround them.

Each region of the vertebrate governs distinct nervous system function

Question 5

3 regions of Vertebrates’ brain

Answer 5

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

Question 6

There are … classes of the … vertebrata
…. of the … are usually merged into one as Pisces
They include;

The other four are collectively called …
They include;

Answer 6

There are 7 classes of the subphylum vertebrata
Three of the 7 are usually merged into one as Pisces
They include;
1. Agnatha (Jawless Vertebrates)
2. Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous Fishes)
3. Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)

The other four are collectively called …
They include;
4. Amphibia
5. Reptilia
6. Aves
7. Mammalia

Question 7

The … have 2 pairs of … that support them on …
Reptiles, …. and …. have an additional terrestrial adaptations that distinguishes them from …. ; one of this is the ….( a ….)
Hence, they are called ….
It enables these …. to complete their …. on …
Adult ….. generally use …. for gas ….

Answer 7

The tetrapods have 2 pairs of limbs that support them on land
Reptiles, Birds and Mammals have an additional terrestrial adaptations that distinguishes them from amphibians ; one of this is the amniotic egg (a shelled water retaining egg)
Hence, they are called Amniotes(the Amniota)
It enables these vertebrates to complete their life cycle on land
Adult tetrapods generally use air-breathing for gas exchange