Porifera Flashcards
Phylum Porifera
Members of this phylum are commonly called the …. They are the simplest …. animals. They are predominantly …. but many of the species are found in the …. environment and some are also found in …
Phylum Porifera
Members of this phylum are commonly called the sponges. They are the simplest multicellular animals. They are predominantly aquatic but many of the species are found in the marine environment and some are also found in fresh water.
Characteristics Of Porifera
-Adult sponges are ….(they don’t move around) and are attached to …. and other … at the … of the aquatic environment
-The body which may be ….. in symmetry and …. by numerous …. through which water passes into the ….
This …. is known as …..
This is why they are called poriferas or …. animals. Water in the central cavity is moved out through a …. opening at the …. end called …. . These pores are …. while the osculum are ….
-The body consists of many …. cells arranged in …. layers around a …. cavity making the animal to be ….
-Sponge cells are …. arranged in a ….. called …. .
…. is the collective …. of sponges in which are found various …. cells, …. and ….
-Adult sponges are sessile(they don’t move around) and attached to ricks and other hard surfaces at the bottom of the aquatic environment
-The body which may be radial in symmetry and perforated by numerous pores through which water passes into the central cavity. This central cavity is known as spongocoel. This is why they are called poriferas or pore bearing animals. Water in the central cavity is moved out through a principal opening at the anterior end called osculum. This the pores are inhalant while the osculum are exhalant.
-The body consists of many sponge cells arranged in two layers around a central cavity making the animal to be sac-like
-Sponge cells are loosely arranged in a gelatinous matrix called MESOHYL. MESOHYL is the collective tissue of sponges in which are found various amoeboid cells,fibrils and skeletal elements
-Several types of cells occur in sponges:
Pinacocytes: are …. They are known as the ….
Mycocytes: They are ….
Chanocytes: These are …..
Chanocytes are found in …..
Archaeocytes: they ….
Sclerocytes: they ….
Spongocytes: they ….
Collencytes: they ….
Lophocytes: they ….
Sponges have skeleton consisting of
…. bodies called …. and they are of …. importance
-Several types of cells occur in sponges:
Pinacocytes: are thin flat epithelial cells that cover the exterior surface of sponges. They are know are the PINACODERM
Mycocytes: They are arranged around the oscular of pores where they help regulate rate of water flow.
Chanocytes: These are ovoid cells with one end embedded in the MESOHYL and the other end bearing a flagellum surrounded by a collar. Chanocytes are found in flagenated canals and chambers where they strain food particles from the water
Archaeocytes: they receive particles of food for digestion from chanocytes
Sclerocytes: they secrete the spicules
Spongocytes: they secrete the spongene fibres of the skeleton
Collencytes: they secrete fibrillar collagen
Lophocytes: they secrete larger quantities of collagen but are morphologically different from collencytes.
Sponges have skeleton consisting of separate needle like or branched hard bodies called spicles and they are of taxonomic importance
-Members of phylum Porifera do not have …..
-Digestion is ….
Excretion and …. is by ….
-Sponges have no ….
Reaction to stimuli is usually ….
-Sponges feed … on particles such as …, …,
…, etc. found in the …. environment
-Members of phylum Porifera do not have organs or true tissues.
-Digestion is intracellular.
Excretion and respiration is by diffusion
-Sponges have no nervous system and sense organs.
Reaction to stimuli is usually independent.
-Sponges feed primarily on particles such as bacteria,planktons,decaying materials, etc. found in the water environment
-They reproduce both … and ….
…. by budding and by … after ….
-Most sponges are …, producing a …. , …., …. . However some also produce
…., …. larva
-Sponges are useful mostly as …. for washing and cleaning and can also be used for various …. and …. purposes
-They reproduce both asexually and sexually. Asexually my budding and by regeneration after fragmentation
-Most sponges are monoecious,producing a free-swimming ,solid body, larvae however some also produce hollow amphiblastular larva
-Sponges are useful mostly as commercial sponge for washing and cleaning and can also be used for various industrial and aesthetic purposes
There are …. classes of sponges:
Class Calcaria
A representative sponge known as ….
This is …. and occurs …. to seaweeds
STRUCTURE
The body consists of … layers: an outer layer of …., a …. layer containing ….(aka ….. that harbours the spicles) and an inner layer of ….. known as the …..
Special cells known as the …. surround the pores. The …. of the flagella of the … creates … current which allows …. into the …. cavity through the … and also moves …. out of the … cavity through the ….
This water …. aid the processes of …, …, …. and …
NUTRITION
…. in the water moving through the body are …. and …. by ….
The food consists of …., …. and other …. in water.
Digestion in LEUCOSOLENIA is … and occurs in the ….
RESPIRATION AND EXCRETION
These processes are by ….
REPRODUCTION
Sponges are …. mostly through …. means. They have high …. of … of ….
New …. are obtained from … or … fragmentation of the …
There are four classes of sponges:
Class Calcaria
A representative sponge known as LEUCOSOLENIA
This is sac like and occurs attached to seaweeds
STRUCTURE
The body consists of three layers: an outer layer of flattened cells, a middle layer containing gelatinous matrix(aka MESOHYL that harbours the spicles) and an inner layer of collar cells known as the SPONGEOCOEL.
Special cells known as the poreocytes surround the pores. The beating of the flagella of the chanocytes creates water current which allows water into the central cavity through the pores and also moves water out of the central cavity through the oscullum. This water movements aid the processes of feeding, respiration, excretion and reproduction
NUTRITION
Food particles in the water moving through the body are trapped and engulfed by chanocytes.The food consists of bacteria, decaying materials and other particles in water. Digestion in LEUCOSOLENIA is intracellular and occurs in the archeocytes
RESPIRATION AND EXCRETION
These process are by simple diffusion
REPRODUCTION
Sponges are propagated mostly through asexual means. They have high powers of regeneration if lost parts. New individuals are obtained from deliberate or accidental fragmentation of the body.
